Karen Grech - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Karen Grech

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Papers by Karen Grech

Research paper thumbnail of How Safe Are the Code of Points Landing Technical Requirements in Artistic Gymnastics? Preliminary Results

To examine the effect of the code of points landing technical requirements in artistic gymnastics... more To examine the effect of the code of points landing technical requirements in artistic gymnastics, eight female artistic gymnasts performed backward somersault dismounts off a 90 cm vaulting box. Three dimensional motion as well as upper back accelerations were measured for three landing techniques: current competition landing with feet together (FT); competition landing with a step back (SB); landing with feet shoulder width apart (FA). Group average impact forces were lowest for the FA technique; individual analyses showed SB or FA techniques were safer for 75% of gymnasts. Upper back accelerations indicating how well they could control the impact shock did not differ between the three landing techniques. The landing rule in gymnastics does have an effect on the initial and werall impact loads for backward somersault dismounts.

Research paper thumbnail of Agreement between force and deceleration measures during backward somersault landings

Sports Biomechanics, 2020

This study examined the agreement between force platform and inertial measurement unit (IMU) meas... more This study examined the agreement between force platform and inertial measurement unit (IMU) measures of backward somersault landings. Seven female gymnasts performed three trials, taking off from a 90 cm vaulting box and using competition landing technique. Two force platforms (1000 Hz) covered with a 6.4 cm thick carpeted landing surface measured the ground reaction forces. One inertial measurement unit (500 Hz) fixed on the second thoracic vertebra measured peak resultant deceleration of the gymnast. Measurement agreement between vertical and resultant peak force measures, and resultant peak force and peak deceleration was assessed using mean differences, Pearson's correlation, and Cohen's effect size (ES) statistics. There was perfect measurement agreement between vertical and resultant peak forces (R = 1.0, p < 0.001; ES = 0.005), but only moderate measurement agreement between resultant peak force and peak resultant deceleration (Mean Difference = -2.16%, R = 0.4, p = ns; ES = 0.121). Backward somersault landings can be assessed using either uni-axial or triaxial force platforms to measure ground impact load/force, as the landing movements are almost purely vertical. However, force measures are not the same as peak resultant decelerations from IMUs which give an indication of impact shock. Landing load/shock measures are potentially important for injury prevention.

Research paper thumbnail of How Safe Are the Code of Points Landing Technical Requirements in Artistic Gymnastics? Preliminary Results

To examine the effect of the code of points landing technical requirements in artistic gymnastics... more To examine the effect of the code of points landing technical requirements in artistic gymnastics, eight female artistic gymnasts performed backward somersault dismounts off a 90 cm vaulting box. Three dimensional motion as well as upper back accelerations were measured for three landing techniques: current competition landing with feet together (FT); competition landing with a step back (SB); landing with feet shoulder width apart (FA). Group average impact forces were lowest for the FA technique; individual analyses showed SB or FA techniques were safer for 75% of gymnasts. Upper back accelerations indicating how well they could control the impact shock did not differ between the three landing techniques. The landing rule in gymnastics does have an effect on the initial and werall impact loads for backward somersault dismounts.

Research paper thumbnail of Agreement between force and deceleration measures during backward somersault landings

Sports Biomechanics, 2020

This study examined the agreement between force platform and inertial measurement unit (IMU) meas... more This study examined the agreement between force platform and inertial measurement unit (IMU) measures of backward somersault landings. Seven female gymnasts performed three trials, taking off from a 90 cm vaulting box and using competition landing technique. Two force platforms (1000 Hz) covered with a 6.4 cm thick carpeted landing surface measured the ground reaction forces. One inertial measurement unit (500 Hz) fixed on the second thoracic vertebra measured peak resultant deceleration of the gymnast. Measurement agreement between vertical and resultant peak force measures, and resultant peak force and peak deceleration was assessed using mean differences, Pearson's correlation, and Cohen's effect size (ES) statistics. There was perfect measurement agreement between vertical and resultant peak forces (R = 1.0, p < 0.001; ES = 0.005), but only moderate measurement agreement between resultant peak force and peak resultant deceleration (Mean Difference = -2.16%, R = 0.4, p = ns; ES = 0.121). Backward somersault landings can be assessed using either uni-axial or triaxial force platforms to measure ground impact load/force, as the landing movements are almost purely vertical. However, force measures are not the same as peak resultant decelerations from IMUs which give an indication of impact shock. Landing load/shock measures are potentially important for injury prevention.

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