Gregorio Vargas - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Gregorio Vargas

Research paper thumbnail of Surface Modification of AISI 316 Stainless Steel by Oxynitrocarburizing for Solar Collector Applications

Proceedings of EuroSun 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Enhanced Reactivity and Primary Liquid-Phase Forming in Mechanochemically Activated SodaLimeSilica Glass Batches

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis of Unsupported Pt-based Electrocatalysts and Evaluation of Their Catalytic Activity for the Ethylene Glycol Oxidation Reaction

Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems

In this work, unsupported Pt, Pt-Ru (1:1 wt. % Pt:Ru ratio) and Pt-CeO2 (1:1 wt. % Pt:CeO2 ratio)... more In this work, unsupported Pt, Pt-Ru (1:1 wt. % Pt:Ru ratio) and Pt-CeO2 (1:1 wt. % Pt:CeO2 ratio) electrocatalysts were synthesized and evaluated as anodes for the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) in out in H2SO4 electrolyte. The nanomaterials were prepared by slowly dropping the precursors in a NaBH4 solution, in a reduction process of 10 min. Analysis by XRD showed the formation of polycrystalline electrocatalysts, while the chemical composition characterization indicated a ratio between the different elements in the bimetallic materials close to the stoichiometric value. Selected area electron diffraction patterns evaluation carried out in the TEM apparatus helped in the identification of Pt (1 1 1) in the three anodes, Ru (1 0 0) in Pt-Ru, and CeO2 (1 1 1) in Pt-CeO2, confirming the formation of Ru and CeO2 phases. The results from the electrochemical characterization by Linear Scan Voltammetry (LSV) showed that the Pt-Ru material possess a higher mass catalytic activit...

Research paper thumbnail of Electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in different alcohols: Effect of Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane) as a dispersant

Ceramics International, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Educando la capacidad inventiva

Research paper thumbnail of Cordierite ceramic synthesis via crystallisation of alkaline-poor aluminosilicate glass

Research paper thumbnail of Recubrimientos electroforéticos en metanol de wollastonita sobre acero inoxidable 316L

Esta investigación se realizó en el CINVESTAV-Unidad Saltillo.

Research paper thumbnail of Electrochemical Corrosion Performance of Hematite-Free Magnetite Layer on AISI 4340 by Duplex Pulsed Plasma Nitriding-Oxidizing Treatment

International journal of electrochemical science

Plasma assisted duplex processes, such as nitriding post-oxidation, has been the focus of recent ... more Plasma assisted duplex processes, such as nitriding post-oxidation, has been the focus of recent research publications looking to optimize wear and corrosion performance of several industrial components. High efficiency, process control as well as low energy consumption and clean technologies suggest that these processes are good alternatives for replacing the environmental harmful electrochemical techniques. An important challenge during post oxidation step is to avoid, as much as possible, the formation of hematite (Fe 2 O 3) and to produce layers with a high content of high corrosion resistance magnetite (Fe 3 O 4). In the present work, pulsed DC plasma post oxidation was used in order to obtain hematite-free magnetite layers on plasma nitrided AISI 4340 steel in order to improve its corrosion resistance. The effect of oxidation time (15, 30 and 45 minutes) on crystalline phases content and electrochemical corrosion performance was evaluated. Rietveld analysis of X ray diffraction data shows an increase in magnetite content and a decrease in Fe 3 N content after the post-oxidation period. Corrosion performance of nitrided AISI 4340 steel was significantly enhanced by the smoothest surface and the hematite-free magnetite layer obtained after pulsed post-oxidation process.

Research paper thumbnail of Influences of Processing Time and Discharge Current Density During Pulsed Plasma-Oxidizing process of AISI 316L

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2015

ABSTRACT The influences of discharge current density and oxidation process duration on surface mo... more ABSTRACT The influences of discharge current density and oxidation process duration on surface morphology, crystalline phase composition, and electrochemical corrosion performance of pulsed plasma-oxidized AISI 316L stainless steel were studied. Analysis of results shows that samples treated through DC pulsed plasma oxidation (0.5 mA/cm2, 60 min) exhibit corrosion current values of 2.031024 mA/cm2 which represent one eighth of the corrosion current obtained for untreated samples and one half that of chemically passivated samples. Scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, and Raman analysis show that the improved corrosion performance of oxidized samples could be attributed to morphological changes of the oxidized layer which is composed of hematite and magnetite iron oxides. Corrosion performances of DC plasma-oxidized samples suggest that through this technique, it is possible to obtain comparable or even better corrosion performance than techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma-oxidizing process, but without the inherent higher instrumental requirements of radiofrequency plasma processes.

Research paper thumbnail of Electrocatalysts for ethanol and ethylene glycol oxidation reactions. Part I: Effects of the polyol synthesis conditions on the characteristics and catalytic activity of Pt–Sn/C anodes

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014

Please cite this article in press as: Gonzá lez-Quijano D, et al., Electrocatalysts for ethanol a... more Please cite this article in press as: Gonzá lez-Quijano D, et al., Electrocatalysts for ethanol and ethylene glycol oxidation reactions. Part I: Effects of the polyol synthesis conditions on the characteristics and catalytic activity of PteSn/C anodes, In

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of pulse length on low frequency plasma nitrided 316L steels

Surface Engineering, 2014

ABSTRACT The influence of pulse time (tp) variation on hardness, crystalline phases and electroch... more ABSTRACT The influence of pulse time (tp) variation on hardness, crystalline phases and electrochemical corrosion susceptibility of plasma nitriding 316L was investigated. Hardness test, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical polarisation tests let to identify the best processing conditions. Nitriding at tp = 5 ms in a 100 Hz discharge increased the 316L hardness around four times and decreased its corrosion susceptibility one order of magnitude. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed the shifted reflections for the expanded austenite and let to identify an anisotropic strain with expansion lattice around 7·5 and 9% for (111) and (200) orientations respectively. For the evaluated tp range, the increase in the pulse length has not beneficial influence on surface hardness; on the contrary, there is a decrease in its value when tp grew from 5 to 8 ms. Corrosion and hardness performance has been related to the strain level and to the nitrogen content.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Nitriding Current Density on the Surface Properties and Crystallite Size of Pulsed Plasma-Nitrided AISI 316L

Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 2015

In this work, plasma-nitrided AISI 316L stainless steel samples were performed by ion nitriding p... more In this work, plasma-nitrided AISI 316L stainless steel samples were performed by ion nitriding process under pulsed direct current (DC) discharge at different current densities (1 to 2.5 mA/ cm 2). The effect of nitriding current density on the size of crystalline coherently diffracting domains (crystallite size) and strain grade was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) coupled with Williamson-Hall method. Additionally, hardness and wear resistance of the nitriding layer were characterized using a Vickers indenter and pin-on-disk technique respectively. Results showed a decrease in crystallite size from 99 nm for untreated samples to 1.4 nm for samples nitrided at 2.5 mA/cm 2 promoted both: an increase in hardness from 226 HV25g to 1245 HV25g, and a considerably decrease in volume loss by wear effect.

Research paper thumbnail of Deposition of Vulcan XC-72 Coatings on Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates by Reverse Pulsed DC Voltage Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) for Fuel Cell Applications

ECS Transactions, 2014

In this study, surface coatings of a mixture of Vulcan XC-72 and polypyrrole (PPy), labeled as PP... more In this study, surface coatings of a mixture of Vulcan XC-72 and polypyrrole (PPy), labeled as PPy-C, were deposited on stainless steel (SS) substrates by EPD under reverse pulsed DC voltage in order to study the corrosion protection. The effect of applied voltages (50, 70, 90 and 120 V) and deposition time (2, 6, 10 and 15 min) on the film characteristics was evaluated. The coatings were analyzed by SEM, and the result showed that the amount of PPy electrodeposited and the morphology of the film depended on the deposition conditions. Polarization curves were conducted in order to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the bipolar plates in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 at room temperature. The experimental results indicated that the PPy-C composites increased the corrosion potential of the SS and decreased the corrosion current density by one order of magnitude. The structure properties of the coatings were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and the spectra shows the presence of characteristics absorption bands of PPy. These results indicated that EPD is a suitable technique to deposit polymer/carbon corrosion protection films for applications in fuel cell bipolar plates.

Research paper thumbnail of Electrochemical Characterization of Pt Nanocatalysts Supported on Functionalized Vulcan XC-72 for the EOR

Research paper thumbnail of Highly Active Pt-Sn/C Catalysts for Ethanol Electro-Oxidation Prepared by a Polyol-Alcohol Reduction Process

ECS Transactions, 2014

ABSTRACT Pt-Sn/C catalysts with nominal Pt:Sn atomic ratio of 1:1 were synthesized by a polyol/al... more ABSTRACT Pt-Sn/C catalysts with nominal Pt:Sn atomic ratio of 1:1 were synthesized by a polyol/alcohol reduction process. The effects of varying the volume ratio (v/o) of ethylene glycol, ethanol, and water on the physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics for the Ethanol Oxidation Reaction (EOR) of the catalyst were evaluated. The XRD patterns confirmed the formation oxides due to the presence of SnO x phases. The degree of alloying, calculated from XRD, ranged from 15 to approximately 49 %. Meanwhile, the average particle size of the catalysts determined with the Scherrer equation was found to be within 1.8-4.7 nm, in good agreement with TEM analysis. ICP-AES chemical analysis confirmed the actual content of Pt (10.84 to 13.23 wt. %) and Sn (0.55 to 6.36 wt. %). CVs of the EOR showed that the synthesis conditions have important effects on catalytic activity of the Pt-Sn/C alloys for the anodic reaction. As a result, the alloys synthesized in the absence of H 2 O delivered a higher performance than Pt/C and the rest of the Pt-Sn/C materials for the EOR.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on the Particle Size Distribution of Hydroxyapatite Chemically Precipitated from Eggshells

Phosphorus Research Bulletin, 1999

The effect of ultrasonic vibration on the particle size distribution of hydroxyapatite chemically... more The effect of ultrasonic vibration on the particle size distribution of hydroxyapatite chemically precipitated from eggshells and H3PO4, or alternatively from calcium acetate and Na3PO4•12H20, was evaluated. For the case of hydroxyapatite aqueous suspensions with pfl>10 , with no particle-dispersing agent added, the average particle size decreased from 40 to 31.ƒÊm in five minutes by employing an ultrasonic power of 61.75 watts and a frequency of 20 KHz .

Research paper thumbnail of Electrophoretic Deposition of Wollastonite on 316L Stainless Steel from Different Dispersing Media

Key Engineering Materials, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of EPD-Sintering of Hydroxyapatite, Porcelain and Wollastonite on 316L Stainless Steel

Key Engineering Materials, 2006

Hydroxyapatite, porcelain and wollastonite coatings on stainless steel 316L were produced by elec... more Hydroxyapatite, porcelain and wollastonite coatings on stainless steel 316L were produced by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) in ethanol and acetone using a voltage between 200 and 1000 V during 0.5 to 60 s. The particle size distribution of the starting suspension was 0.3 to 4.9 microns with an average size of 1.5 microns. The coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The amount of ceramic material on the surface of the metallic samples was evaluated by determining their difference in weight before and after the electrophoretic deposition process. The conductivity and zeta potential of the dispersing media were also evaluated. Dense, homogeneous and crack-free green coatings were obtained. The deposition rate was higher by using acetone as dispersing media. The higher zeta potential and the lower viscosity were attributed to be the cause of the better electrophoretic deposition of the acetone and methanol ceramic suspensions. Submicron particle coatings were then s...

Research paper thumbnail of Water Versus Acetone Electrophoretic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite on 316L Stainless Steel

Key Engineering Materials, 2006

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was electrophoretically deposited on 316L stainless steel in order to promot... more Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was electrophoretically deposited on 316L stainless steel in order to promote a bioactive surface. The effect of dispersing media (water and acetone), applied voltage and the deposition time on the deposit weight and microstructure of the coatings was evaluated. The deposition time was varied in the range of 1 to 900 s for water suspensions and 0.5 to 180 s for acetone suspensions. Suspensions were prepared by using HAP powder with an average particle size of 1.5 μm at a concentration of 1 % by weight. The deposition was performed under a direct current (DC) field of 400 to 1000 V for acetone suspensions and 5 to 50 V for water suspensions. The coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The amount of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the metallic substrate was evaluated by determining the difference in weight of the samples, before and after the electrophoretic process. The stabilization of HAP particles in water was achieved using 1 % by weight o...

Research paper thumbnail of Deposición electroforética de una porcelana dental sobre acero inoxidable austenítico 304

Una técnica alternativa para la fabricación de restauraciones dentales con porcelana, es la depos... more Una técnica alternativa para la fabricación de restauraciones dentales con porcelana, es la deposición electroforética (EPD). En este trabajo depósitos de porcelana dental sobre acero inoxidable fueron obtenidos por EPD utilizando como medios de suspensión: agua, etanol e isopropanol. Se estudió el efecto de la concentración de porcelana, de la intensidad del campo eléctrico y del medio de suspensión sobre la cantidad de masa depositada. Todas las pruebas fueron realizadas a voltaje constante, utilizando un tiempo de deposición de 3 min. La porcelana dental utilizada presentó un intervalo de tamaño de partícula entre 1,5 y 2,3 μm. Los resultados mostraron que la porcelana en el medio acuoso presentó la mayor velocidad de deposición, en comparación con el etanol y el isopropanol. Sin embargo, debido a problemas relacionados con la baja estabilidad de las suspensiones y a la hidrólisis del agua, los mejores acabados superficiales de los depósitos se obtuvieron utilizando etanol. Estos resultados fueron obtenidos aplicando voltajes entre 70 y 150 V, para un tiempo de deposición de 3 min. El uso de isopropanol generó depósitos heterogéneos debido a problemas relacionados con la baja estabilidad de las suspensiones y con reacciones electroquímicas en el electrodo de trabajo, derivadas de la aplicación de voltajes altos. Palabras clave: Deposición electroforética (EPD), porcelana, acero inoxidable, suspensiones. Electrophoretic deposition of dental porcelain on stainless steel 304 An alternative technique for the production of dental restorations with porcelain, is the electrophoretic deposition (EPD). In this work, deposits of dental porcelain on stainless steel were obtained by EPD using water, ethanol and isopropanol as suspension mediums. The effect of the porcelain concentration, the intensity of the electric field and the suspension medium on the quantity of deposited mass were studied. All the tests were carried out at constant voltage, using a deposition time of 3 min. The particle size of the dental porcelain was in the range between 1.5 and 2.3 μm in the suspension. The results showed that the porcelain in the aqueous medium presented the major deposition velocity, in comparison with both ethanol and isopropanol. However, due to low the low suspension stability and hydrolysis of the water problems, the best coating finishes were obtained with ethanol. These results were obtained applying voltages between 70 and 150 V, for a deposition time of 3 min. Using isopropanol heterogeneous deposits were obtained due to the low suspension stability and to electrochemical reactions problems in the working electrodes, resulted from the high voltages application.

Research paper thumbnail of Surface Modification of AISI 316 Stainless Steel by Oxynitrocarburizing for Solar Collector Applications

Proceedings of EuroSun 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Enhanced Reactivity and Primary Liquid-Phase Forming in Mechanochemically Activated SodaLimeSilica Glass Batches

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis of Unsupported Pt-based Electrocatalysts and Evaluation of Their Catalytic Activity for the Ethylene Glycol Oxidation Reaction

Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems

In this work, unsupported Pt, Pt-Ru (1:1 wt. % Pt:Ru ratio) and Pt-CeO2 (1:1 wt. % Pt:CeO2 ratio)... more In this work, unsupported Pt, Pt-Ru (1:1 wt. % Pt:Ru ratio) and Pt-CeO2 (1:1 wt. % Pt:CeO2 ratio) electrocatalysts were synthesized and evaluated as anodes for the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) in out in H2SO4 electrolyte. The nanomaterials were prepared by slowly dropping the precursors in a NaBH4 solution, in a reduction process of 10 min. Analysis by XRD showed the formation of polycrystalline electrocatalysts, while the chemical composition characterization indicated a ratio between the different elements in the bimetallic materials close to the stoichiometric value. Selected area electron diffraction patterns evaluation carried out in the TEM apparatus helped in the identification of Pt (1 1 1) in the three anodes, Ru (1 0 0) in Pt-Ru, and CeO2 (1 1 1) in Pt-CeO2, confirming the formation of Ru and CeO2 phases. The results from the electrochemical characterization by Linear Scan Voltammetry (LSV) showed that the Pt-Ru material possess a higher mass catalytic activit...

Research paper thumbnail of Electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in different alcohols: Effect of Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane) as a dispersant

Ceramics International, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Educando la capacidad inventiva

Research paper thumbnail of Cordierite ceramic synthesis via crystallisation of alkaline-poor aluminosilicate glass

Research paper thumbnail of Recubrimientos electroforéticos en metanol de wollastonita sobre acero inoxidable 316L

Esta investigación se realizó en el CINVESTAV-Unidad Saltillo.

Research paper thumbnail of Electrochemical Corrosion Performance of Hematite-Free Magnetite Layer on AISI 4340 by Duplex Pulsed Plasma Nitriding-Oxidizing Treatment

International journal of electrochemical science

Plasma assisted duplex processes, such as nitriding post-oxidation, has been the focus of recent ... more Plasma assisted duplex processes, such as nitriding post-oxidation, has been the focus of recent research publications looking to optimize wear and corrosion performance of several industrial components. High efficiency, process control as well as low energy consumption and clean technologies suggest that these processes are good alternatives for replacing the environmental harmful electrochemical techniques. An important challenge during post oxidation step is to avoid, as much as possible, the formation of hematite (Fe 2 O 3) and to produce layers with a high content of high corrosion resistance magnetite (Fe 3 O 4). In the present work, pulsed DC plasma post oxidation was used in order to obtain hematite-free magnetite layers on plasma nitrided AISI 4340 steel in order to improve its corrosion resistance. The effect of oxidation time (15, 30 and 45 minutes) on crystalline phases content and electrochemical corrosion performance was evaluated. Rietveld analysis of X ray diffraction data shows an increase in magnetite content and a decrease in Fe 3 N content after the post-oxidation period. Corrosion performance of nitrided AISI 4340 steel was significantly enhanced by the smoothest surface and the hematite-free magnetite layer obtained after pulsed post-oxidation process.

Research paper thumbnail of Influences of Processing Time and Discharge Current Density During Pulsed Plasma-Oxidizing process of AISI 316L

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2015

ABSTRACT The influences of discharge current density and oxidation process duration on surface mo... more ABSTRACT The influences of discharge current density and oxidation process duration on surface morphology, crystalline phase composition, and electrochemical corrosion performance of pulsed plasma-oxidized AISI 316L stainless steel were studied. Analysis of results shows that samples treated through DC pulsed plasma oxidation (0.5 mA/cm2, 60 min) exhibit corrosion current values of 2.031024 mA/cm2 which represent one eighth of the corrosion current obtained for untreated samples and one half that of chemically passivated samples. Scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, and Raman analysis show that the improved corrosion performance of oxidized samples could be attributed to morphological changes of the oxidized layer which is composed of hematite and magnetite iron oxides. Corrosion performances of DC plasma-oxidized samples suggest that through this technique, it is possible to obtain comparable or even better corrosion performance than techniques, such as inductively coupled plasma-oxidizing process, but without the inherent higher instrumental requirements of radiofrequency plasma processes.

Research paper thumbnail of Electrocatalysts for ethanol and ethylene glycol oxidation reactions. Part I: Effects of the polyol synthesis conditions on the characteristics and catalytic activity of Pt–Sn/C anodes

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014

Please cite this article in press as: Gonzá lez-Quijano D, et al., Electrocatalysts for ethanol a... more Please cite this article in press as: Gonzá lez-Quijano D, et al., Electrocatalysts for ethanol and ethylene glycol oxidation reactions. Part I: Effects of the polyol synthesis conditions on the characteristics and catalytic activity of PteSn/C anodes, In

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of pulse length on low frequency plasma nitrided 316L steels

Surface Engineering, 2014

ABSTRACT The influence of pulse time (tp) variation on hardness, crystalline phases and electroch... more ABSTRACT The influence of pulse time (tp) variation on hardness, crystalline phases and electrochemical corrosion susceptibility of plasma nitriding 316L was investigated. Hardness test, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical polarisation tests let to identify the best processing conditions. Nitriding at tp = 5 ms in a 100 Hz discharge increased the 316L hardness around four times and decreased its corrosion susceptibility one order of magnitude. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed the shifted reflections for the expanded austenite and let to identify an anisotropic strain with expansion lattice around 7·5 and 9% for (111) and (200) orientations respectively. For the evaluated tp range, the increase in the pulse length has not beneficial influence on surface hardness; on the contrary, there is a decrease in its value when tp grew from 5 to 8 ms. Corrosion and hardness performance has been related to the strain level and to the nitrogen content.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Nitriding Current Density on the Surface Properties and Crystallite Size of Pulsed Plasma-Nitrided AISI 316L

Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 2015

In this work, plasma-nitrided AISI 316L stainless steel samples were performed by ion nitriding p... more In this work, plasma-nitrided AISI 316L stainless steel samples were performed by ion nitriding process under pulsed direct current (DC) discharge at different current densities (1 to 2.5 mA/ cm 2). The effect of nitriding current density on the size of crystalline coherently diffracting domains (crystallite size) and strain grade was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) coupled with Williamson-Hall method. Additionally, hardness and wear resistance of the nitriding layer were characterized using a Vickers indenter and pin-on-disk technique respectively. Results showed a decrease in crystallite size from 99 nm for untreated samples to 1.4 nm for samples nitrided at 2.5 mA/cm 2 promoted both: an increase in hardness from 226 HV25g to 1245 HV25g, and a considerably decrease in volume loss by wear effect.

Research paper thumbnail of Deposition of Vulcan XC-72 Coatings on Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates by Reverse Pulsed DC Voltage Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) for Fuel Cell Applications

ECS Transactions, 2014

In this study, surface coatings of a mixture of Vulcan XC-72 and polypyrrole (PPy), labeled as PP... more In this study, surface coatings of a mixture of Vulcan XC-72 and polypyrrole (PPy), labeled as PPy-C, were deposited on stainless steel (SS) substrates by EPD under reverse pulsed DC voltage in order to study the corrosion protection. The effect of applied voltages (50, 70, 90 and 120 V) and deposition time (2, 6, 10 and 15 min) on the film characteristics was evaluated. The coatings were analyzed by SEM, and the result showed that the amount of PPy electrodeposited and the morphology of the film depended on the deposition conditions. Polarization curves were conducted in order to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the bipolar plates in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 at room temperature. The experimental results indicated that the PPy-C composites increased the corrosion potential of the SS and decreased the corrosion current density by one order of magnitude. The structure properties of the coatings were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and the spectra shows the presence of characteristics absorption bands of PPy. These results indicated that EPD is a suitable technique to deposit polymer/carbon corrosion protection films for applications in fuel cell bipolar plates.

Research paper thumbnail of Electrochemical Characterization of Pt Nanocatalysts Supported on Functionalized Vulcan XC-72 for the EOR

Research paper thumbnail of Highly Active Pt-Sn/C Catalysts for Ethanol Electro-Oxidation Prepared by a Polyol-Alcohol Reduction Process

ECS Transactions, 2014

ABSTRACT Pt-Sn/C catalysts with nominal Pt:Sn atomic ratio of 1:1 were synthesized by a polyol/al... more ABSTRACT Pt-Sn/C catalysts with nominal Pt:Sn atomic ratio of 1:1 were synthesized by a polyol/alcohol reduction process. The effects of varying the volume ratio (v/o) of ethylene glycol, ethanol, and water on the physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics for the Ethanol Oxidation Reaction (EOR) of the catalyst were evaluated. The XRD patterns confirmed the formation oxides due to the presence of SnO x phases. The degree of alloying, calculated from XRD, ranged from 15 to approximately 49 %. Meanwhile, the average particle size of the catalysts determined with the Scherrer equation was found to be within 1.8-4.7 nm, in good agreement with TEM analysis. ICP-AES chemical analysis confirmed the actual content of Pt (10.84 to 13.23 wt. %) and Sn (0.55 to 6.36 wt. %). CVs of the EOR showed that the synthesis conditions have important effects on catalytic activity of the Pt-Sn/C alloys for the anodic reaction. As a result, the alloys synthesized in the absence of H 2 O delivered a higher performance than Pt/C and the rest of the Pt-Sn/C materials for the EOR.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on the Particle Size Distribution of Hydroxyapatite Chemically Precipitated from Eggshells

Phosphorus Research Bulletin, 1999

The effect of ultrasonic vibration on the particle size distribution of hydroxyapatite chemically... more The effect of ultrasonic vibration on the particle size distribution of hydroxyapatite chemically precipitated from eggshells and H3PO4, or alternatively from calcium acetate and Na3PO4•12H20, was evaluated. For the case of hydroxyapatite aqueous suspensions with pfl>10 , with no particle-dispersing agent added, the average particle size decreased from 40 to 31.ƒÊm in five minutes by employing an ultrasonic power of 61.75 watts and a frequency of 20 KHz .

Research paper thumbnail of Electrophoretic Deposition of Wollastonite on 316L Stainless Steel from Different Dispersing Media

Key Engineering Materials, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of EPD-Sintering of Hydroxyapatite, Porcelain and Wollastonite on 316L Stainless Steel

Key Engineering Materials, 2006

Hydroxyapatite, porcelain and wollastonite coatings on stainless steel 316L were produced by elec... more Hydroxyapatite, porcelain and wollastonite coatings on stainless steel 316L were produced by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) in ethanol and acetone using a voltage between 200 and 1000 V during 0.5 to 60 s. The particle size distribution of the starting suspension was 0.3 to 4.9 microns with an average size of 1.5 microns. The coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The amount of ceramic material on the surface of the metallic samples was evaluated by determining their difference in weight before and after the electrophoretic deposition process. The conductivity and zeta potential of the dispersing media were also evaluated. Dense, homogeneous and crack-free green coatings were obtained. The deposition rate was higher by using acetone as dispersing media. The higher zeta potential and the lower viscosity were attributed to be the cause of the better electrophoretic deposition of the acetone and methanol ceramic suspensions. Submicron particle coatings were then s...

Research paper thumbnail of Water Versus Acetone Electrophoretic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite on 316L Stainless Steel

Key Engineering Materials, 2006

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was electrophoretically deposited on 316L stainless steel in order to promot... more Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was electrophoretically deposited on 316L stainless steel in order to promote a bioactive surface. The effect of dispersing media (water and acetone), applied voltage and the deposition time on the deposit weight and microstructure of the coatings was evaluated. The deposition time was varied in the range of 1 to 900 s for water suspensions and 0.5 to 180 s for acetone suspensions. Suspensions were prepared by using HAP powder with an average particle size of 1.5 μm at a concentration of 1 % by weight. The deposition was performed under a direct current (DC) field of 400 to 1000 V for acetone suspensions and 5 to 50 V for water suspensions. The coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The amount of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the metallic substrate was evaluated by determining the difference in weight of the samples, before and after the electrophoretic process. The stabilization of HAP particles in water was achieved using 1 % by weight o...

Research paper thumbnail of Deposición electroforética de una porcelana dental sobre acero inoxidable austenítico 304

Una técnica alternativa para la fabricación de restauraciones dentales con porcelana, es la depos... more Una técnica alternativa para la fabricación de restauraciones dentales con porcelana, es la deposición electroforética (EPD). En este trabajo depósitos de porcelana dental sobre acero inoxidable fueron obtenidos por EPD utilizando como medios de suspensión: agua, etanol e isopropanol. Se estudió el efecto de la concentración de porcelana, de la intensidad del campo eléctrico y del medio de suspensión sobre la cantidad de masa depositada. Todas las pruebas fueron realizadas a voltaje constante, utilizando un tiempo de deposición de 3 min. La porcelana dental utilizada presentó un intervalo de tamaño de partícula entre 1,5 y 2,3 μm. Los resultados mostraron que la porcelana en el medio acuoso presentó la mayor velocidad de deposición, en comparación con el etanol y el isopropanol. Sin embargo, debido a problemas relacionados con la baja estabilidad de las suspensiones y a la hidrólisis del agua, los mejores acabados superficiales de los depósitos se obtuvieron utilizando etanol. Estos resultados fueron obtenidos aplicando voltajes entre 70 y 150 V, para un tiempo de deposición de 3 min. El uso de isopropanol generó depósitos heterogéneos debido a problemas relacionados con la baja estabilidad de las suspensiones y con reacciones electroquímicas en el electrodo de trabajo, derivadas de la aplicación de voltajes altos. Palabras clave: Deposición electroforética (EPD), porcelana, acero inoxidable, suspensiones. Electrophoretic deposition of dental porcelain on stainless steel 304 An alternative technique for the production of dental restorations with porcelain, is the electrophoretic deposition (EPD). In this work, deposits of dental porcelain on stainless steel were obtained by EPD using water, ethanol and isopropanol as suspension mediums. The effect of the porcelain concentration, the intensity of the electric field and the suspension medium on the quantity of deposited mass were studied. All the tests were carried out at constant voltage, using a deposition time of 3 min. The particle size of the dental porcelain was in the range between 1.5 and 2.3 μm in the suspension. The results showed that the porcelain in the aqueous medium presented the major deposition velocity, in comparison with both ethanol and isopropanol. However, due to low the low suspension stability and hydrolysis of the water problems, the best coating finishes were obtained with ethanol. These results were obtained applying voltages between 70 and 150 V, for a deposition time of 3 min. Using isopropanol heterogeneous deposits were obtained due to the low suspension stability and to electrochemical reactions problems in the working electrodes, resulted from the high voltages application.