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This report designs and applies a comparative life-cycle cost analysis to multipurpose network an... more This report designs and applies a comparative life-cycle cost analysis to multipurpose network and stand-alone fire sprinkler systems designed in compliance with NFPA 13D. The life-cycle costs of the systems are studied in each of three NIST-designed prototypical house floorplans: a 3338 ft 2 (310 m 2) two-story colonial with basement, a 2257 ft 2 (210 m 2) three-story townhouse, and a 1171 ft 2 (109 m 2) single-story ranch. The economic analysis follows the standard method in ASTM E917-02, and includes those elements of life-cycle cost that are unique to each system, such as design, material, installation and inspection costs. System plans, a comprehensive list of required components, and material costs were obtained from manufacturers and sprinkler system installers. NIST economists obtained data on a multipurpose network design and three stand-alone designs from manufacturers and sprinkler system installers. To these material cost data were added estimates of installation cost and design cost. In addition to the economic analysis of the sprinkler system designs, this report documents the collection and development of the cost data. The comparative analysis is applied to the cost data to determine which of the proposed systems analyzed in this report has the lowest estimated life-cycle cost. Estimated cost results for all systems are within a close range, and are most sensitive to the decision to incorporate a backflow preventer. Both the cost data in this report and the cost-effectiveness analysis are intended to support a followon benefit-cost study by NIST on residential sprinkler systems.
Environmental toxicology is a relatively young field of science concerned with the study of envir... more Environmental toxicology is a relatively young field of science concerned with the study of environmental pollutants in air, dust, sediment, soil, and water in the environment and their effects. Since the 1970s, scientists concerned with toxins in the environment focused their research on the impacts of various chemical agents on ecosystems and health hazards associated with certain chemicals including asbestos. Asbestos, the foremost among toxic fugitive dust, has the ability to resist heat, fire, and electricity. Asbestos is a group of naturally occurring fibrous silicate materials with known toxicity resulting from exposure. Although the precise mechanisms by which asbestos fibers cause toxic injury have not yet been fully determined, it is well-documented that fibers that persist within the lung or the mesothelium are capable of producing fibrogenic and tumorigenic effects in these tissues.
This report designs and applies a comparative life-cycle cost analysis to multipurpose network an... more This report designs and applies a comparative life-cycle cost analysis to multipurpose network and stand-alone fire sprinkler systems designed in compliance with NFPA 13D. The life-cycle costs of the systems are studied in each of three NIST-designed prototypical house floorplans: a 3338 ft 2 (310 m 2) two-story colonial with basement, a 2257 ft 2 (210 m 2) three-story townhouse, and a 1171 ft 2 (109 m 2) single-story ranch. The economic analysis follows the standard method in ASTM E917-02, and includes those elements of life-cycle cost that are unique to each system, such as design, material, installation and inspection costs. System plans, a comprehensive list of required components, and material costs were obtained from manufacturers and sprinkler system installers. NIST economists obtained data on a multipurpose network design and three stand-alone designs from manufacturers and sprinkler system installers. To these material cost data were added estimates of installation cost and design cost. In addition to the economic analysis of the sprinkler system designs, this report documents the collection and development of the cost data. The comparative analysis is applied to the cost data to determine which of the proposed systems analyzed in this report has the lowest estimated life-cycle cost. Estimated cost results for all systems are within a close range, and are most sensitive to the decision to incorporate a backflow preventer. Both the cost data in this report and the cost-effectiveness analysis are intended to support a followon benefit-cost study by NIST on residential sprinkler systems.
Environmental toxicology is a relatively young field of science concerned with the study of envir... more Environmental toxicology is a relatively young field of science concerned with the study of environmental pollutants in air, dust, sediment, soil, and water in the environment and their effects. Since the 1970s, scientists concerned with toxins in the environment focused their research on the impacts of various chemical agents on ecosystems and health hazards associated with certain chemicals including asbestos. Asbestos, the foremost among toxic fugitive dust, has the ability to resist heat, fire, and electricity. Asbestos is a group of naturally occurring fibrous silicate materials with known toxicity resulting from exposure. Although the precise mechanisms by which asbestos fibers cause toxic injury have not yet been fully determined, it is well-documented that fibers that persist within the lung or the mesothelium are capable of producing fibrogenic and tumorigenic effects in these tissues.