Matthew Griffith - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Uploads

Papers by Matthew Griffith

Research paper thumbnail of A low-cost mixed fullerene acceptor blend for printed electronics

Research paper thumbnail of Significant Performance Improvement of Porphyrin-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells under White Light Illumination

Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial therapy of leptospirosis

Curr Opin Infect Dis, 2006

Leptospirosis is an important but often overlooked zoonotic disease that can cause significant mo... more Leptospirosis is an important but often overlooked zoonotic disease that can cause significant morbidity and mortality. The optimal antimicrobial treatment for this disease has not been established. This review summarizes the most recent literature pertaining to the use of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of leptospirosis. Leptospira are highly susceptible to a wide variety of antimicrobials in vitro. Despite this, it is not clear what the best choice of antimicrobial agents is for human disease. Based on the best available literature, the current choices of treatment for leptospirosis include penicillin, doxycycline, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Penicillin has long been considered the treatment of choice. Doxycycline is a reasonable alternative, but concerns exist regarding its use in all patients. Recent trials have demonstrated that cefotaxime and ceftriaxone are also acceptable agents. For a variety of reasons, these may be the preferred agents at this time. Azithromycin appears promising for the treatment of less severe disease. Another option for treating leptospirosis is the fluoroquinolone antimicrobials, although adequate human trials are lacking to fully support their use. Leptospirosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite this, the optimal treatment is not fully defined.

Research paper thumbnail of PMMA Is Superior to Hydroxyapatite for Colony Reduction in Induced Osteomyelitis

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, Oct 1, 2007

Staphylococcus aureus infection is a serious complication in patients receiving orthopaedic impla... more Staphylococcus aureus infection is a serious complication in patients receiving orthopaedic implants. Treatment with antibiotic-loaded cements can deliver high local concentrations and reduce toxic side effects associated with systemic antibiotic administration, but polymethylmethacrylate cement is nondegradable and may necessitate additional surgery for removal. Previous studies provide support for hydroxyapatite as a biodegradable carrier, but consensus has not been achieved. We hypothesized vancomycin-loaded hydroxyapatite was superior to vancomycin-loaded polymethylmethacrylate in reducing the number of bacterial colony-forming units in the setting of osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis was induced in rats using an established model. Animals then were randomly assigned to a control group (no antibiotics), a group treated with vancomycin-loaded polymethylmethacry-late, and two groups treated with hydroxyapatite loaded with either low-dose or high-dose vancomycin. After 6 weeks we compared the number of colony-forming units per gram of harvested bone between groups. Vancomycin-loaded hydroxyapatite was inferior to vancomycin-loaded polymethylmethacrylate in reducing the number of bacterial colony-forming units and vancomycin-loaded polymethylmethacry-late was superior to the control group. We observed no difference between low- and high-dose vancomycin-loaded hydroxyapatite groups. The poor handling properties of hydroxyapatite paste may explain these findings. Based on these results, a hydroxyapatite carrier cannot be recommended for the treatment of osteomyelitis.

Research paper thumbnail of Fully roll-to-roll prepared organic solar cells in normal geometry with a sputter-coated aluminium top-electrode

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Association of bacterial colonization at the time of presentation to a combat support hospital in a combat zone with subsequent 30-day colonization or infection

Military Medicine, Sep 1, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of Twice Daily Chloramphenicol in a Hamster Model of Acute Leptospirosis

Research paper thumbnail of Combining Printing, Coating and Vacuum Deposition on the Roll-to-Roll Scale: A Hybrid Organic Photovoltaics Fabrication

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Probing Donor–Acceptor Interactions in meso -Substituted Zn(II) Porphyrins Using Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and Computational Chemistry

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of A versatile binder-free TiO 2 paste for dye sensitised solar cells

Research paper thumbnail of Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Utilizing Mini-Stem Humeral Components: Technique and Short-Term Results

Research paper thumbnail of Significant Performance Improvement of Porphyrin-Sensitized TiO 2 Solar Cells under White Light Illumination

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Cation Exchange at Semiconducting Oxide Surfaces: Origin of Light-Induced Performance Increases in Porphyrin Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of P174 Effect of Intraarticular Growth Factor Injections on Cartilage Repair in a Rat Model of Acute Chondral Injury

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Association of Bacterial Colonization at the Time of Presentation to a Combat Support Hospital in a Combat Zone With Subsequent 30-Day Colonization or Infection

Research paper thumbnail of Determining the Orientation and Molecular Packing of Organic Dyes on a TiO 2 Surface Using X-ray Reflectometry

Research paper thumbnail of Continuous Noninvasive Tissue Oximetry in the Early Evaluation of the Combat Casualty: A Prospective Study

The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 2010

We hypothesized that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived tissue oxygenation saturation (StO... more We hypothesized that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived tissue oxygenation saturation (StO2) could assist in identifying shock in casualties arriving to a combat support hospital and predict the need for life-saving interventions (LSIs) and blood transfusions. We performed a prospective observational trial at a single US Army combat support hospital in Iraq from August to December 2007. Arriving casualties had NIRS-derived StO2 recorded in the emergency department. Minimum (StO2 min) and initial 2-minute averaged StO2 and tissue hemoglobin index readings were used as end points. Outcomes measured were requirement for LSIs, any blood transfusion, massive transfusion (>10 units in 24 hours), and early mortality. The data were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression modeling. Of the 147 combat casualties enrolled in the trial, 72 (49%) required an LSI, 42 (29%) required blood transfusion, and 10 (7%) required massive transfusion. On multivariate logistic regression analysis of the whole study group, systolic blood pressure (SBP), international normalized ratio, tissue hemoglobin index, and hematocrit predicted blood transfusion with an area under the curve of 0.90 (0.84-0.96), with a confidence interval of 95%. When just the group with an SBP >90 was analyzed, independent predictors of patients requiring blood transfusion on logistic regression analysis were StO2 min (odds ratio of 1.35) and hematocrit (odds ratio of 2.66) for an area under the curve of 0.84 (0.76-0.92). NIRS-derived StO2 obtained on arrival predicts the need for blood transfusion in casualties who initially seem to be hemodynamically stable (SBP >90). Further study of this technology for use in the resuscitation of trauma patients is warranted.

Research paper thumbnail of Outcomes of Bacteremia in Burn Patients Involved in Combat Operations Overseas

Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Acinetobacter Skin Carriage Among US Army Soldiers Deployed in Iraq •

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Factors Associated with Recovery of Acinetobacter baumannii in a Combat Support Hospital

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 2008

A retrospective review of hospital records for Acinetobacter baumannii infection at a US Army com... more A retrospective review of hospital records for Acinetobacter baumannii infection at a US Army combat support hospital revealed a monthly infection rate ranging from 20.5 to 0 cases per 1,000 patients admitted. The rate correlated with the mean census of host-nation patients in the intensive care unit, the mean census of host-nation patients on the wards, and length of stay in the intensive care unit.

Research paper thumbnail of A low-cost mixed fullerene acceptor blend for printed electronics

Research paper thumbnail of Significant Performance Improvement of Porphyrin-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells under White Light Illumination

Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial therapy of leptospirosis

Curr Opin Infect Dis, 2006

Leptospirosis is an important but often overlooked zoonotic disease that can cause significant mo... more Leptospirosis is an important but often overlooked zoonotic disease that can cause significant morbidity and mortality. The optimal antimicrobial treatment for this disease has not been established. This review summarizes the most recent literature pertaining to the use of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of leptospirosis. Leptospira are highly susceptible to a wide variety of antimicrobials in vitro. Despite this, it is not clear what the best choice of antimicrobial agents is for human disease. Based on the best available literature, the current choices of treatment for leptospirosis include penicillin, doxycycline, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Penicillin has long been considered the treatment of choice. Doxycycline is a reasonable alternative, but concerns exist regarding its use in all patients. Recent trials have demonstrated that cefotaxime and ceftriaxone are also acceptable agents. For a variety of reasons, these may be the preferred agents at this time. Azithromycin appears promising for the treatment of less severe disease. Another option for treating leptospirosis is the fluoroquinolone antimicrobials, although adequate human trials are lacking to fully support their use. Leptospirosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite this, the optimal treatment is not fully defined.

Research paper thumbnail of PMMA Is Superior to Hydroxyapatite for Colony Reduction in Induced Osteomyelitis

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, Oct 1, 2007

Staphylococcus aureus infection is a serious complication in patients receiving orthopaedic impla... more Staphylococcus aureus infection is a serious complication in patients receiving orthopaedic implants. Treatment with antibiotic-loaded cements can deliver high local concentrations and reduce toxic side effects associated with systemic antibiotic administration, but polymethylmethacrylate cement is nondegradable and may necessitate additional surgery for removal. Previous studies provide support for hydroxyapatite as a biodegradable carrier, but consensus has not been achieved. We hypothesized vancomycin-loaded hydroxyapatite was superior to vancomycin-loaded polymethylmethacrylate in reducing the number of bacterial colony-forming units in the setting of osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis was induced in rats using an established model. Animals then were randomly assigned to a control group (no antibiotics), a group treated with vancomycin-loaded polymethylmethacry-late, and two groups treated with hydroxyapatite loaded with either low-dose or high-dose vancomycin. After 6 weeks we compared the number of colony-forming units per gram of harvested bone between groups. Vancomycin-loaded hydroxyapatite was inferior to vancomycin-loaded polymethylmethacrylate in reducing the number of bacterial colony-forming units and vancomycin-loaded polymethylmethacry-late was superior to the control group. We observed no difference between low- and high-dose vancomycin-loaded hydroxyapatite groups. The poor handling properties of hydroxyapatite paste may explain these findings. Based on these results, a hydroxyapatite carrier cannot be recommended for the treatment of osteomyelitis.

Research paper thumbnail of Fully roll-to-roll prepared organic solar cells in normal geometry with a sputter-coated aluminium top-electrode

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Association of bacterial colonization at the time of presentation to a combat support hospital in a combat zone with subsequent 30-day colonization or infection

Military Medicine, Sep 1, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of Twice Daily Chloramphenicol in a Hamster Model of Acute Leptospirosis

Research paper thumbnail of Combining Printing, Coating and Vacuum Deposition on the Roll-to-Roll Scale: A Hybrid Organic Photovoltaics Fabrication

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Probing Donor–Acceptor Interactions in meso -Substituted Zn(II) Porphyrins Using Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and Computational Chemistry

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of A versatile binder-free TiO 2 paste for dye sensitised solar cells

Research paper thumbnail of Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Utilizing Mini-Stem Humeral Components: Technique and Short-Term Results

Research paper thumbnail of Significant Performance Improvement of Porphyrin-Sensitized TiO 2 Solar Cells under White Light Illumination

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Cation Exchange at Semiconducting Oxide Surfaces: Origin of Light-Induced Performance Increases in Porphyrin Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of P174 Effect of Intraarticular Growth Factor Injections on Cartilage Repair in a Rat Model of Acute Chondral Injury

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Association of Bacterial Colonization at the Time of Presentation to a Combat Support Hospital in a Combat Zone With Subsequent 30-Day Colonization or Infection

Research paper thumbnail of Determining the Orientation and Molecular Packing of Organic Dyes on a TiO 2 Surface Using X-ray Reflectometry

Research paper thumbnail of Continuous Noninvasive Tissue Oximetry in the Early Evaluation of the Combat Casualty: A Prospective Study

The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 2010

We hypothesized that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived tissue oxygenation saturation (StO... more We hypothesized that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived tissue oxygenation saturation (StO2) could assist in identifying shock in casualties arriving to a combat support hospital and predict the need for life-saving interventions (LSIs) and blood transfusions. We performed a prospective observational trial at a single US Army combat support hospital in Iraq from August to December 2007. Arriving casualties had NIRS-derived StO2 recorded in the emergency department. Minimum (StO2 min) and initial 2-minute averaged StO2 and tissue hemoglobin index readings were used as end points. Outcomes measured were requirement for LSIs, any blood transfusion, massive transfusion (>10 units in 24 hours), and early mortality. The data were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression modeling. Of the 147 combat casualties enrolled in the trial, 72 (49%) required an LSI, 42 (29%) required blood transfusion, and 10 (7%) required massive transfusion. On multivariate logistic regression analysis of the whole study group, systolic blood pressure (SBP), international normalized ratio, tissue hemoglobin index, and hematocrit predicted blood transfusion with an area under the curve of 0.90 (0.84-0.96), with a confidence interval of 95%. When just the group with an SBP >90 was analyzed, independent predictors of patients requiring blood transfusion on logistic regression analysis were StO2 min (odds ratio of 1.35) and hematocrit (odds ratio of 2.66) for an area under the curve of 0.84 (0.76-0.92). NIRS-derived StO2 obtained on arrival predicts the need for blood transfusion in casualties who initially seem to be hemodynamically stable (SBP >90). Further study of this technology for use in the resuscitation of trauma patients is warranted.

Research paper thumbnail of Outcomes of Bacteremia in Burn Patients Involved in Combat Operations Overseas

Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Acinetobacter Skin Carriage Among US Army Soldiers Deployed in Iraq •

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 2007

Research paper thumbnail of Factors Associated with Recovery of Acinetobacter baumannii in a Combat Support Hospital

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 2008

A retrospective review of hospital records for Acinetobacter baumannii infection at a US Army com... more A retrospective review of hospital records for Acinetobacter baumannii infection at a US Army combat support hospital revealed a monthly infection rate ranging from 20.5 to 0 cases per 1,000 patients admitted. The rate correlated with the mean census of host-nation patients in the intensive care unit, the mean census of host-nation patients on the wards, and length of stay in the intensive care unit.