Pauline Grosshans - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Pauline Grosshans
Sensors and Actuators B Chemical, Mar 1, 2009
A hydrogen peroxide vapour indicator is described comprising a triarylmethane dye, lissamine gree... more A hydrogen peroxide vapour indicator is described comprising a triarylmethane dye, lissamine green (LG), dissolved in a polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The indicator is green/blue in the absence of hydrogen peroxide vapour but is rapidly bleached in the presence of hydrogen peroxide vapour. The kinetics of LG bleaching appear approximately first order with respect [LG] and the concentration of H 2 O 2 , which, in turn, is proportional to the partial pressure of H 2 O 2. However, the kinetics also appear to depend directly upon the reciprocal of the film thickness, implying some dependence upon the diffusion of the H 2 O 2 vapour through the indicator film. Like most other H 2 O 2 indicator films (such as starch-iodide paper), the LG/PVA indicator is not particularly selective and responds to most other volatile strong oxidising agents, such as ozone and chlorine. However, it is rapid in response (<5 min) and easy to use and has potential as a simple indicator of strong oxidising agents; in particular it may be used to screen the headspace above liquids for H 2 O 2 , which can be used for making in situ explosives, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP).
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology a Chemistry, 2009
A novel UV dosimeter is described comprising a tetrazolium dye, neotetrazolium chloride (NTC), di... more A novel UV dosimeter is described comprising a tetrazolium dye, neotetrazolium chloride (NTC), dissolved in a film of polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The dosimeter is pale yellow/colourless in the absence of UV light, and turns red upon exposure to UV light. The spectral characteristics of a typical UV dosimeter film and the mechanism through which the colour change occurs are
The Analyst, Apr 20, 2009
A UVB specific dosimeter is described comprising: a redox dye (2,6-dichloroindophenol, DCIP), a s... more A UVB specific dosimeter is described comprising: a redox dye (2,6-dichloroindophenol, DCIP), a semiconductor (tin(IV) oxide, SnO(2)) and a sacrificial electron donor (glycerol) dispersed in a polymer (hydroxy ethyl cellulose, HEC) film. The dosimeter is blue in the absence of UVB light but rapidly loses colour on exposure to UVB light. The spectral characteristics of a typical UVB dosimeter film and the mechanism by which the colour change occurs are detailed. DCIP UVB dosimeter films exhibit a response that is related to the irradiance level and duration of UVB exposure, the level of SnO(2) present and to a lesser extent the level of glycerol present. The response of the dosimeter appears to be independent of dye concentration and film thickness. Furthermore, DCIP UVB dosimeter films respond to solar simulated light, exhibiting a colour loss that can be simply related to the Minimal Erythemal Dose (MED) exposure for skin type II. As a consequence, such indicators have potential for measuring solar radiation exposure and providing an early warning of erythema for most Caucasian skin (i.e. skin type II).
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry
A novel UV dosimeter is described comprising a tetrazolium dye, neotetrazolium chloride (NTC), di... more A novel UV dosimeter is described comprising a tetrazolium dye, neotetrazolium chloride (NTC), dissolved in a film of polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The dosimeter is pale yellow/colourless in the absence of UV light, and turns red upon exposure to UV light. The spectral characteristics of a typical UV dosimeter film and the mechanism through which the colour change occurs are detailed. The NTC UV dosimeter films exhibit a response to UV light that is related to the intensity and duration of UV exposure, the level of dye present in the films and the thickness of the films themselves. The response of the dosimeter is temperature independent over the range 20–40 °C and, like most UV dosimeters, exhibits a cosine-like response dependence upon irradiance angle. The introduction of a layer of a UV-screening compound which slows the rate at which the dosimeter responds to UVR enables the dosimeter response to be tailored to different UV doses. The possible use of these novel dosimeters ...
Chemical Communications
A printable, multicomponent, UV-sensitive indicator which provides different coloured, flag-like ... more A printable, multicomponent, UV-sensitive indicator which provides different coloured, flag-like warnings of the approach to erythema is described.
The Analyst, 2009
A UVB specific dosimeter is described comprising: a redox dye (2,6-dichloroindophenol, DCIP), a s... more A UVB specific dosimeter is described comprising: a redox dye (2,6-dichloroindophenol, DCIP), a semiconductor (tin(IV) oxide, SnO(2)) and a sacrificial electron donor (glycerol) dispersed in a polymer (hydroxy ethyl cellulose, HEC) film. The dosimeter is blue in the absence of UVB light but rapidly loses colour on exposure to UVB light. The spectral characteristics of a typical UVB dosimeter film and the mechanism by which the colour change occurs are detailed. DCIP UVB dosimeter films exhibit a response that is related to the irradiance level and duration of UVB exposure, the level of SnO(2) present and to a lesser extent the level of glycerol present. The response of the dosimeter appears to be independent of dye concentration and film thickness. Furthermore, DCIP UVB dosimeter films respond to solar simulated light, exhibiting a colour loss that can be simply related to the Minimal Erythemal Dose (MED) exposure for skin type II. As a consequence, such indicators have potential fo...
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2010
AnovelCO 2 intelligent pigment is incorporated into a thermoplastic polymer to create a long-live... more AnovelCO 2 intelligent pigment is incorporated into a thermoplastic polymer to create a long-lived CO 2-sensitive plastic film which is characterised and then compared to a traditional solvent-based CO 2 indicator film.
Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2009
A hydrogen peroxide vapour indicator is described comprising a triarylmethane dye, lissamine gree... more A hydrogen peroxide vapour indicator is described comprising a triarylmethane dye, lissamine green (LG), dissolved in a polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The indicator is green/blue in the absence of hydrogen peroxide vapour but is rapidly bleached in the presence of hydrogen peroxide vapour. The kinetics of LG bleaching appear approximately first order with respect [LG] and the concentration of H 2 O 2 , which, in turn, is proportional to the partial pressure of H 2 O 2. However, the kinetics also appear to depend directly upon the reciprocal of the film thickness, implying some dependence upon the diffusion of the H 2 O 2 vapour through the indicator film. Like most other H 2 O 2 indicator films (such as starch-iodide paper), the LG/PVA indicator is not particularly selective and responds to most other volatile strong oxidising agents, such as ozone and chlorine. However, it is rapid in response (<5 min) and easy to use and has potential as a simple indicator of strong oxidising agents; in particular it may be used to screen the headspace above liquids for H 2 O 2 , which can be used for making in situ explosives, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP).
Analyst, 2010
A new relative-humidity sensitive ink based on methylene blue and urea is described which can uti... more A new relative-humidity sensitive ink based on methylene blue and urea is described which can utilise the deliquescent nature of urea.
The Analyst, 2009
A UVB specific dosimeter is described comprising: a redox dye (2,6-dichloroindophenol, DCIP), a s... more A UVB specific dosimeter is described comprising: a redox dye (2,6-dichloroindophenol, DCIP), a semiconductor (tin(IV) oxide, SnO(2)) and a sacrificial electron donor (glycerol) dispersed in a polymer (hydroxy ethyl cellulose, HEC) film. The dosimeter is blue in the absence of UVB light but rapidly loses colour on exposure to UVB light. The spectral characteristics of a typical UVB dosimeter film and the mechanism by which the colour change occurs are detailed. DCIP UVB dosimeter films exhibit a response that is related to the irradiance level and duration of UVB exposure, the level of SnO(2) present and to a lesser extent the level of glycerol present. The response of the dosimeter appears to be independent of dye concentration and film thickness. Furthermore, DCIP UVB dosimeter films respond to solar simulated light, exhibiting a colour loss that can be simply related to the Minimal Erythemal Dose (MED) exposure for skin type II. As a consequence, such indicators have potential for measuring solar radiation exposure and providing an early warning of erythema for most Caucasian skin (i.e. skin type II).
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2009
A hydrogen peroxide vapour indicator is described comprising a triarylmethane dye, lissamine gree... more A hydrogen peroxide vapour indicator is described comprising a triarylmethane dye, lissamine green (LG), dissolved in a polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The indicator is green/blue in the absence of hydrogen peroxide vapour but is rapidly bleached in the presence of hydrogen peroxide vapour. The kinetics of LG bleaching appear approximately first order with respect [LG] and the concentration of H 2 O 2 , which, in turn, is proportional to the partial pressure of H 2 O 2. However, the kinetics also appear to depend directly upon the reciprocal of the film thickness, implying some dependence upon the diffusion of the H 2 O 2 vapour through the indicator film. Like most other H 2 O 2 indicator films (such as starch-iodide paper), the LG/PVA indicator is not particularly selective and responds to most other volatile strong oxidising agents, such as ozone and chlorine. However, it is rapid in response (<5 min) and easy to use and has potential as a simple indicator of strong oxidising agents; in particular it may be used to screen the headspace above liquids for H 2 O 2 , which can be used for making in situ explosives, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP).
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2009
A novel UV dosimeter is described comprising a tetrazolium dye, neotetrazolium chloride (NTC), di... more A novel UV dosimeter is described comprising a tetrazolium dye, neotetrazolium chloride (NTC), dissolved in a film of polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The dosimeter is pale yellow/colourless in the absence of UV light, and turns red upon exposure to UV light. The spectral characteristics of a typical UV dosimeter film and the mechanism through which the colour change occurs are
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2010
AnovelCO 2 intelligent pigment is incorporated into a thermoplastic polymer to create a long-live... more AnovelCO 2 intelligent pigment is incorporated into a thermoplastic polymer to create a long-lived CO 2-sensitive plastic film which is characterised and then compared to a traditional solvent-based CO 2 indicator film.
Chemical Communications, 2009
A printable, multicomponent, UV-sensitive indicator which provides different coloured, flag-like ... more A printable, multicomponent, UV-sensitive indicator which provides different coloured, flag-like warnings of the approach to erythema is described.
Analyst, 2010
Whilst looking at this system, we have found that when the thiazine dye, methylene blue (MB), is ... more Whilst looking at this system, we have found that when the thiazine dye, methylene blue (MB), is encapsulated within a polymer, such as hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC), with a notable excess of urea, (20 times w/w more than MB), the product ink is blue, but casts as a thin, ...
Sensors and Actuators B Chemical, Mar 1, 2009
A hydrogen peroxide vapour indicator is described comprising a triarylmethane dye, lissamine gree... more A hydrogen peroxide vapour indicator is described comprising a triarylmethane dye, lissamine green (LG), dissolved in a polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The indicator is green/blue in the absence of hydrogen peroxide vapour but is rapidly bleached in the presence of hydrogen peroxide vapour. The kinetics of LG bleaching appear approximately first order with respect [LG] and the concentration of H 2 O 2 , which, in turn, is proportional to the partial pressure of H 2 O 2. However, the kinetics also appear to depend directly upon the reciprocal of the film thickness, implying some dependence upon the diffusion of the H 2 O 2 vapour through the indicator film. Like most other H 2 O 2 indicator films (such as starch-iodide paper), the LG/PVA indicator is not particularly selective and responds to most other volatile strong oxidising agents, such as ozone and chlorine. However, it is rapid in response (<5 min) and easy to use and has potential as a simple indicator of strong oxidising agents; in particular it may be used to screen the headspace above liquids for H 2 O 2 , which can be used for making in situ explosives, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP).
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology a Chemistry, 2009
A novel UV dosimeter is described comprising a tetrazolium dye, neotetrazolium chloride (NTC), di... more A novel UV dosimeter is described comprising a tetrazolium dye, neotetrazolium chloride (NTC), dissolved in a film of polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The dosimeter is pale yellow/colourless in the absence of UV light, and turns red upon exposure to UV light. The spectral characteristics of a typical UV dosimeter film and the mechanism through which the colour change occurs are
The Analyst, Apr 20, 2009
A UVB specific dosimeter is described comprising: a redox dye (2,6-dichloroindophenol, DCIP), a s... more A UVB specific dosimeter is described comprising: a redox dye (2,6-dichloroindophenol, DCIP), a semiconductor (tin(IV) oxide, SnO(2)) and a sacrificial electron donor (glycerol) dispersed in a polymer (hydroxy ethyl cellulose, HEC) film. The dosimeter is blue in the absence of UVB light but rapidly loses colour on exposure to UVB light. The spectral characteristics of a typical UVB dosimeter film and the mechanism by which the colour change occurs are detailed. DCIP UVB dosimeter films exhibit a response that is related to the irradiance level and duration of UVB exposure, the level of SnO(2) present and to a lesser extent the level of glycerol present. The response of the dosimeter appears to be independent of dye concentration and film thickness. Furthermore, DCIP UVB dosimeter films respond to solar simulated light, exhibiting a colour loss that can be simply related to the Minimal Erythemal Dose (MED) exposure for skin type II. As a consequence, such indicators have potential for measuring solar radiation exposure and providing an early warning of erythema for most Caucasian skin (i.e. skin type II).
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry
A novel UV dosimeter is described comprising a tetrazolium dye, neotetrazolium chloride (NTC), di... more A novel UV dosimeter is described comprising a tetrazolium dye, neotetrazolium chloride (NTC), dissolved in a film of polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The dosimeter is pale yellow/colourless in the absence of UV light, and turns red upon exposure to UV light. The spectral characteristics of a typical UV dosimeter film and the mechanism through which the colour change occurs are detailed. The NTC UV dosimeter films exhibit a response to UV light that is related to the intensity and duration of UV exposure, the level of dye present in the films and the thickness of the films themselves. The response of the dosimeter is temperature independent over the range 20–40 °C and, like most UV dosimeters, exhibits a cosine-like response dependence upon irradiance angle. The introduction of a layer of a UV-screening compound which slows the rate at which the dosimeter responds to UVR enables the dosimeter response to be tailored to different UV doses. The possible use of these novel dosimeters ...
Chemical Communications
A printable, multicomponent, UV-sensitive indicator which provides different coloured, flag-like ... more A printable, multicomponent, UV-sensitive indicator which provides different coloured, flag-like warnings of the approach to erythema is described.
The Analyst, 2009
A UVB specific dosimeter is described comprising: a redox dye (2,6-dichloroindophenol, DCIP), a s... more A UVB specific dosimeter is described comprising: a redox dye (2,6-dichloroindophenol, DCIP), a semiconductor (tin(IV) oxide, SnO(2)) and a sacrificial electron donor (glycerol) dispersed in a polymer (hydroxy ethyl cellulose, HEC) film. The dosimeter is blue in the absence of UVB light but rapidly loses colour on exposure to UVB light. The spectral characteristics of a typical UVB dosimeter film and the mechanism by which the colour change occurs are detailed. DCIP UVB dosimeter films exhibit a response that is related to the irradiance level and duration of UVB exposure, the level of SnO(2) present and to a lesser extent the level of glycerol present. The response of the dosimeter appears to be independent of dye concentration and film thickness. Furthermore, DCIP UVB dosimeter films respond to solar simulated light, exhibiting a colour loss that can be simply related to the Minimal Erythemal Dose (MED) exposure for skin type II. As a consequence, such indicators have potential fo...
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2010
AnovelCO 2 intelligent pigment is incorporated into a thermoplastic polymer to create a long-live... more AnovelCO 2 intelligent pigment is incorporated into a thermoplastic polymer to create a long-lived CO 2-sensitive plastic film which is characterised and then compared to a traditional solvent-based CO 2 indicator film.
Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2009
A hydrogen peroxide vapour indicator is described comprising a triarylmethane dye, lissamine gree... more A hydrogen peroxide vapour indicator is described comprising a triarylmethane dye, lissamine green (LG), dissolved in a polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The indicator is green/blue in the absence of hydrogen peroxide vapour but is rapidly bleached in the presence of hydrogen peroxide vapour. The kinetics of LG bleaching appear approximately first order with respect [LG] and the concentration of H 2 O 2 , which, in turn, is proportional to the partial pressure of H 2 O 2. However, the kinetics also appear to depend directly upon the reciprocal of the film thickness, implying some dependence upon the diffusion of the H 2 O 2 vapour through the indicator film. Like most other H 2 O 2 indicator films (such as starch-iodide paper), the LG/PVA indicator is not particularly selective and responds to most other volatile strong oxidising agents, such as ozone and chlorine. However, it is rapid in response (<5 min) and easy to use and has potential as a simple indicator of strong oxidising agents; in particular it may be used to screen the headspace above liquids for H 2 O 2 , which can be used for making in situ explosives, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP).
Analyst, 2010
A new relative-humidity sensitive ink based on methylene blue and urea is described which can uti... more A new relative-humidity sensitive ink based on methylene blue and urea is described which can utilise the deliquescent nature of urea.
The Analyst, 2009
A UVB specific dosimeter is described comprising: a redox dye (2,6-dichloroindophenol, DCIP), a s... more A UVB specific dosimeter is described comprising: a redox dye (2,6-dichloroindophenol, DCIP), a semiconductor (tin(IV) oxide, SnO(2)) and a sacrificial electron donor (glycerol) dispersed in a polymer (hydroxy ethyl cellulose, HEC) film. The dosimeter is blue in the absence of UVB light but rapidly loses colour on exposure to UVB light. The spectral characteristics of a typical UVB dosimeter film and the mechanism by which the colour change occurs are detailed. DCIP UVB dosimeter films exhibit a response that is related to the irradiance level and duration of UVB exposure, the level of SnO(2) present and to a lesser extent the level of glycerol present. The response of the dosimeter appears to be independent of dye concentration and film thickness. Furthermore, DCIP UVB dosimeter films respond to solar simulated light, exhibiting a colour loss that can be simply related to the Minimal Erythemal Dose (MED) exposure for skin type II. As a consequence, such indicators have potential for measuring solar radiation exposure and providing an early warning of erythema for most Caucasian skin (i.e. skin type II).
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2009
A hydrogen peroxide vapour indicator is described comprising a triarylmethane dye, lissamine gree... more A hydrogen peroxide vapour indicator is described comprising a triarylmethane dye, lissamine green (LG), dissolved in a polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The indicator is green/blue in the absence of hydrogen peroxide vapour but is rapidly bleached in the presence of hydrogen peroxide vapour. The kinetics of LG bleaching appear approximately first order with respect [LG] and the concentration of H 2 O 2 , which, in turn, is proportional to the partial pressure of H 2 O 2. However, the kinetics also appear to depend directly upon the reciprocal of the film thickness, implying some dependence upon the diffusion of the H 2 O 2 vapour through the indicator film. Like most other H 2 O 2 indicator films (such as starch-iodide paper), the LG/PVA indicator is not particularly selective and responds to most other volatile strong oxidising agents, such as ozone and chlorine. However, it is rapid in response (<5 min) and easy to use and has potential as a simple indicator of strong oxidising agents; in particular it may be used to screen the headspace above liquids for H 2 O 2 , which can be used for making in situ explosives, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP).
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2009
A novel UV dosimeter is described comprising a tetrazolium dye, neotetrazolium chloride (NTC), di... more A novel UV dosimeter is described comprising a tetrazolium dye, neotetrazolium chloride (NTC), dissolved in a film of polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The dosimeter is pale yellow/colourless in the absence of UV light, and turns red upon exposure to UV light. The spectral characteristics of a typical UV dosimeter film and the mechanism through which the colour change occurs are
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2010
AnovelCO 2 intelligent pigment is incorporated into a thermoplastic polymer to create a long-live... more AnovelCO 2 intelligent pigment is incorporated into a thermoplastic polymer to create a long-lived CO 2-sensitive plastic film which is characterised and then compared to a traditional solvent-based CO 2 indicator film.
Chemical Communications, 2009
A printable, multicomponent, UV-sensitive indicator which provides different coloured, flag-like ... more A printable, multicomponent, UV-sensitive indicator which provides different coloured, flag-like warnings of the approach to erythema is described.
Analyst, 2010
Whilst looking at this system, we have found that when the thiazine dye, methylene blue (MB), is ... more Whilst looking at this system, we have found that when the thiazine dye, methylene blue (MB), is encapsulated within a polymer, such as hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HEC), with a notable excess of urea, (20 times w/w more than MB), the product ink is blue, but casts as a thin, ...