Ravi Gugulothu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ravi Gugulothu

Highlights •The effect of variable baffle configurations on HX performance was investigated. •The... more Highlights •The effect of variable baffle configurations on HX performance was investigated. •The influence of water mass flow and heat flux on the HTC was presented. •Experimental correlation for investigated configurations was developed. •Recognized the secondary fluid motion influence on heat transfer was investigated •Compared the efficiency of the proposed shell-coil design with baffles with typical heat exchanger designs was presented

Materials Today: Proceedings

Materials Today: Proceedings, Mar 1, 2022

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Abstract Entropy and turbulence characteristics are crucial for assessing the thermal–hydraulic p... more Abstract Entropy and turbulence characteristics are crucial for assessing the thermal–hydraulic performance of a nuclear reactor. Using the Finite Volume Method, this study investigates the turbulence behaviour and variation in entropy generation in a triangular rod array with water-based Al2O3, TiO2, and Graphene-Oxide nanoparticles. We also examine the effects of different volumes of nanofluids. Under forced turbulent conditions, numerical investigations were carried out assuming a homogeneous single phase mixture. The Reynolds number is varied from 20 × 103 to 80 × 103. The results are compared with traditional correlations which exhibit a precise alignment. By observing the results, it was found that as volume fractions of the coolants increase, the entropy decreases. On the contrary, with an increase in volume concentrations, however, turbulence kinetic energy was found increased.

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, 2021

Heat exchangers are almost used in every industry. Among them, shell and tube heat exchangers are... more Heat exchangers are almost used in every industry. Among them, shell and tube heat exchangers are covering around 32% of the total heat exchanger. Numerical simulation of the Computational models is playing an important role for the prototypes including the Heat Exchanger Models for the improvement in modeling. In this study, the CFD analysis of parallel and counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger was performed. Following project, looked into the several aspects and these are the temperature, velocity, and pressure drop and turbulence kinetic energy along with the heat exchanger length. Hot water was placed in tube side and cold water was placed in shell side of the heat exchanger. Shell side cold temperature was increasing along the heat exchanger length. On the other side, tube side hot water temperature was decreasing along the tube length. This effect was more significance in counter flow rather than the parallel flow. Velocity was more fluctuating in the shell side due to pr...

Algorithms for Intelligent Systems, 2021

The study investigates the hydrodynamics of shell and tube heat exchanger with single segmental b... more The study investigates the hydrodynamics of shell and tube heat exchanger with single segmental baffle based on the TEMA standard and simulated using Finite Volume Method. The baffle cut was assumed to be 40%. For evaluating the hydrodynamics characters precisely, \(k-\epsilon \) turbulence model was considered with standard wall function. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible with constant properties. The investigation was continued varying mass flow rates from 4.34 to 1.96 kg/s. The study found that if the flow rate is increased 1.23 times, the pressure drop increases 27.91%. Besides, the velocity profiles were evaluated locally to examine the heat transfer performance as well as pressure drop.

Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, 2018

An effective heat transfer enhancement scheme is required to compensate for the decrease in heat ... more An effective heat transfer enhancement scheme is required to compensate for the decrease in heat transfer due to MHD effects in FLiBe based blanket design of fusion reactor. In present study, a twisted tape is selected as a potential candidate for a turbulence promoter, and a thermohydraulic behavior of turbulent flow of an electrically conducting fluid in a non-conducting pipe with twisted tape insertion under a transverse magnetic field is investigated. As a result, significant decrease of heat transfer performance is not observed compared with the same flow without the tape insertion because the heat transfer is dominated by the strong helical flow which is not suppressed by the magnetic field.

In recent years with the exacerbation of energy shortage around the world and the continuous incr... more In recent years with the exacerbation of energy shortage around the world and the continuous increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions, the use of various sources of renewable energy is increasingly becoming important for sustainable development. Solar energy is considered to be one of the most promising sources of energy, owing to its clean and renewable characteristics. Thermal energy storage (TES) is used to assist in the effective utilization of thermal energy in wide number of industrial and domestic applications. Thermal energy is stored as sensible heat (SHS) or latent heat (LHS). Sensible heat storage (SHS) materials are combination of materials (both solids and liquids) which undergo no phase change in the defined temperature range of the storage process. Example concrete, cast steel, cast iron etc. The use of a latent heat storage system (LHS) using phase change materials (PCMs) is an effective way of storing thermal energy and has the advantages of high energy storage density, narrow operating temperature range and the isothermal nature of the storage process. The phase change materials are more energy dense than sensible energy storage when the temperature difference between heat source and sink are low. Phase change material can store or release energy through its morphology change mechanism. These advantages lead to small volume and less heat loss, which attract attention of researchers in different fields. Ex: Sodium acetate trihydrate, NaNO3. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at a wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering and spacecraft thermal control applications. The uses of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings have been investigated within the past decade. The experimental results computed in the field of water distillation process using solar energy in the presence of energy storage materials are discussed in this paper.

The present work deals with the results of the experimental investigations carried out on augment... more The present work deals with the results of the experimental investigations carried out on augmentation of turbulent flow heat transfer in a horizontal tube by the means of tube inserts, with air as working fluid. Experiments were carried out initially for the plain tube. Nusselt number and friction factor obtained experimentally were validated against those obtained from theoretical correlations. Secondly experimental investigations using five kinds (90 0 , 60 0 FW, 60 0 BW, 30 0 FW, 30 0 BW) of louvered square leaf inserts were carried out to estimate the enhancement of heat transfer rate for air in the presence of insert. Nusselt number and pressure drop increased, overall enhancement ratio is calculated to determine the optimum geometry of tube insert.

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2015

Abstract In recent years with the exacerbation of energy shortage, water crisis increases around ... more Abstract In recent years with the exacerbation of energy shortage, water crisis increases around the world. With the continuous increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions, the use of various sources of renewable energy is increasingly becoming important for sustainable development. Due to the rising oil price and environmental regulations, the demand of utilizing alternative power sources increased dramatically. Alternative energy and its applications have been heavily studied for the last decade. Energy and water are essential for mankind that influences the socioeconomic development of any nation. Pure water resources become more and more scarce every day as rivers, lakes wells and even seawater pollution rapidly increases. Solar energy is one promising solution to secure power and potable water to future generation. The process of distillation can be used to obtain fresh water from salty, brackish or contaminated water. Water is available in different forms such as sea water, underground water, surface water and atmospheric water. Clean water is essential for good health. The search for sustainable energy resources has emerged as one of the most significant and universal concerns in the 21 st century. Solar energy conversion offers a cost effective alternative to our traditional usages. Solar energy is a promising candidate in many applications. Among the alternative energy sources used for electricity production, wind and solar energy systems have become more attractive in recent years. For areas where electricity was not available, stand alone wind and solar systems have been increasingly used. The shortage of drinking water in many countries throughout the world is a serious problem. Humankind has depended for ages on river, sea water and underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. To resolve this crisis, different methods of solar desalination have been used in many countries. Distillation is a well known thermal process for water purification, most importantly, water desalination. Most of the conventional water distillation processes are highly energy consuming and require fossil fuels as well as electric power for their operation. Single basin solar still is a popular solar device used for converting available brackish or waste water into potable water. Because of its lower productivity, it is not popularly used. Numbers of works are under taken to improve the productivity and efficiency of the solar still. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering and spacecraft thermal control applications. The use of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings has been investigated within the past decade. The experimental results computed in the field of water distillation process using solar energy in the presence of energy storage materials Potassium Dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ),Sodium Sulphate(Na 2 SO 4 10H 2 O) and Sodium Acetate (CH 3 COONa) are discussed in this paper.

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2015

An experimental investigation was carried out to find out the effect of injection timing on perfo... more An experimental investigation was carried out to find out the effect of injection timing on performance and emissions of a single cylinder, 4 stroke, and compression ignition engine at various cooling rates. Original injection period of the engine was 240 CA and injection starts at 140 CA BTDC, injection timings were reduced to 220 and 200 CA by delaying the starting of injection at 120 and 100 CA BTDC. Several experimental cycles were conducted at various loads i.e., at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3KW load at cooling rates of 3, 4, 6 lpm of engine water cooling rate. Emissions such as NOx, CO, CO2, UHC and unreacted oxygen was measured by using multi gas exhaust analyzer.

Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 2015

ABSTRACT The twenty first century is rapidly becoming the perfect energy storm, modern society is... more ABSTRACT The twenty first century is rapidly becoming the perfect energy storm, modern society is faced with volatile energy prices and growing environmental concerns as well as energy supply and security issues. One of the greatest challenges facing mankind in the twenty first century is energy. Fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas have been the main energy resources for everything vital for human society. The burning of fossil fuels has caused and is causing damage to the environment of earth. By 2050 the demand for energy could double or even triple as the global population grows and developing countries expand their economies. This has already raised concerns over potential supply difficulties, depletion of energy resources and expediting environmental impacts like ozone layer depletion, global warming and climate change etc. The most abundant energy resource available to human society is solar energy. The utilization of solar energy is as old as human history. Among various types of renewable energy resources, solar energy is the least utilized. Air conditioning is essential for maintaining thermal comfort in indoor environments, particularly for hot and humid climates. Today, air conditioning comprising cooling and dehumidification has become a necessity in commercial and residential buildings and industrial processes. During the summer, the demand for electricity greatly increases because of the extensive use of air-conditioning systems. This is a source of major problems in the country's electricity supply and contributes to an increase of CO2 emissions causing the environmental pollution and global warming. On the other hand, vapour compression air conditioning systems have impacts on stratospheric ozone depletion because of the chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and the hydro fluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants. The use of solar energy to drive cooling cycles is attractive since the cooling load is roughly in phase with solar energy availability. To cool with solar thermal energy, one solution is to use an absorption chillier using water and lithium bromide solution. Solar air conditioning systems help to minimize fossil fuel energy use. Among the evolving energy efficient air conditioning technologies are liquid desiccant air conditioning (LDAC) systems, which have showed promising performance during the past decades and are believed to be a strong competitor with the widely used conventional air conditioning systems (CAC). Desiccant evaporation cooling technology is environmental friendly and can be used to condition the indoor environment of buildings. Unlike conventional air conditioning systems, the desiccant air conditioning systems can be driven by low grade heat sources such as solar energy and industrial waste heat. In this study, a focus is made on reduction in Air Conditioning capacity, fuel savings and emission reductions attainable through the use of solar energy.

Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 2015

ABSTRACT Energy and water are the two major issues faced by human beings nowadays. Owing to incre... more ABSTRACT Energy and water are the two major issues faced by human beings nowadays. Owing to increase in the energy costs and the adverse effect on the environment caused by the burning of fossil fuels, renewable energy sources are being used worldwide to contribute in meeting the energy demand. Renewable energy denotes a clean, nontoxic energy source that cannot be exhausted. The primary renewable energy sources are the sun, wind, biomass, tide, waves and geothermal energy. Harnessing the abundance of solar energy has been one of the most attractive energy alternatives. The development of an efficient and economical solar energy storage system is of major concern. Energy storage plays an important role in conserving available energy and improving its utilization. Electrical energy consumption varies during day time and night time. Solar energy is available only during the day. Hence its applications require efficient thermal energy storage so that the excess heat collected during sunshine hours may be stored for later use during the night time. The main problem while utilizing solar energy is its availability which is often intermittent, variable and unpredictable. These problems can be addressed by the storage of thermal energy. Thermal energy storage (TES) will improve the efficiency and output of solar power.A thermal energy storage system mainly consists of three parts, the storage medium, heat transfer mechanism and containment system. Thermal energy storage (TES) applications have significantly increased because of the increase in the energy prices and environmental regulations. Latent heat storage (LHS) is one of the efficient ways of storing thermal energy. Unlike the sensible heat storage (SHS) method, the latent heat storage method provides much higher storage density with a smaller temperature difference between storing and releasing heat. There are large numbers of phase change materials that melt and solidify at a wide range of temperatures. The reason behind using phase change materials is due to their advantages such as low cost, high storage density and isothermal operation. For the solar desalination process, they are used as a bridge to cross the gap between the energy source, the sun and the desalination unit.

Aquatic Procedia, 2015

ABSTRACT Energy and water are necessity of mankind that influences the development of any nation.... more ABSTRACT Energy and water are necessity of mankind that influences the development of any nation. Today, the production of fresh drinking water is a serious problem. Fresh water resources are becoming scarce due to population growth and pollution caused by industrial waste. Drinking water shortage is expected to become one of the biggest problems faced by world.With the continuous increase in the energy shortage and environmental pollution to reduce the mismatch between energy supply and energy demand, solar energy is one of the technologies which could be used as an alternative to the fossil fuel energy. Solar energy technologies are rapidly growing industries because it is one of the most reliable and readily available energy sources in the world. In most cases, the direct use of sea water is not possible because it is made up of different types of salts. Distillation is a well known thermal process for water purification and most importantly water desalination. Most of the conventional water distillation processes are highly energy consuming and require fossil fuels as well as electric power for their operation. Solar energy can be used to produce fresh water directly in a solar still or indirectly where the thermal energy from a solar energy system is supplied to solar still. One way to improve the energy utilization is to store the energy during sunshine times of higher solar incidence for later use of necessary needs. Efficient storage technologies are required to store energy for twenty four hours cycles to meet energy demand. Energy storage would enable to power generation for night periods and it helps match the generation and demand peaks.

Highlights •The effect of variable baffle configurations on HX performance was investigated. •The... more Highlights •The effect of variable baffle configurations on HX performance was investigated. •The influence of water mass flow and heat flux on the HTC was presented. •Experimental correlation for investigated configurations was developed. •Recognized the secondary fluid motion influence on heat transfer was investigated •Compared the efficiency of the proposed shell-coil design with baffles with typical heat exchanger designs was presented

Materials Today: Proceedings

Materials Today: Proceedings, Mar 1, 2022

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Abstract Entropy and turbulence characteristics are crucial for assessing the thermal–hydraulic p... more Abstract Entropy and turbulence characteristics are crucial for assessing the thermal–hydraulic performance of a nuclear reactor. Using the Finite Volume Method, this study investigates the turbulence behaviour and variation in entropy generation in a triangular rod array with water-based Al2O3, TiO2, and Graphene-Oxide nanoparticles. We also examine the effects of different volumes of nanofluids. Under forced turbulent conditions, numerical investigations were carried out assuming a homogeneous single phase mixture. The Reynolds number is varied from 20 × 103 to 80 × 103. The results are compared with traditional correlations which exhibit a precise alignment. By observing the results, it was found that as volume fractions of the coolants increase, the entropy decreases. On the contrary, with an increase in volume concentrations, however, turbulence kinetic energy was found increased.

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, 2021

Heat exchangers are almost used in every industry. Among them, shell and tube heat exchangers are... more Heat exchangers are almost used in every industry. Among them, shell and tube heat exchangers are covering around 32% of the total heat exchanger. Numerical simulation of the Computational models is playing an important role for the prototypes including the Heat Exchanger Models for the improvement in modeling. In this study, the CFD analysis of parallel and counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger was performed. Following project, looked into the several aspects and these are the temperature, velocity, and pressure drop and turbulence kinetic energy along with the heat exchanger length. Hot water was placed in tube side and cold water was placed in shell side of the heat exchanger. Shell side cold temperature was increasing along the heat exchanger length. On the other side, tube side hot water temperature was decreasing along the tube length. This effect was more significance in counter flow rather than the parallel flow. Velocity was more fluctuating in the shell side due to pr...

Algorithms for Intelligent Systems, 2021

The study investigates the hydrodynamics of shell and tube heat exchanger with single segmental b... more The study investigates the hydrodynamics of shell and tube heat exchanger with single segmental baffle based on the TEMA standard and simulated using Finite Volume Method. The baffle cut was assumed to be 40%. For evaluating the hydrodynamics characters precisely, \(k-\epsilon \) turbulence model was considered with standard wall function. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible with constant properties. The investigation was continued varying mass flow rates from 4.34 to 1.96 kg/s. The study found that if the flow rate is increased 1.23 times, the pressure drop increases 27.91%. Besides, the velocity profiles were evaluated locally to examine the heat transfer performance as well as pressure drop.

Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, 2018

An effective heat transfer enhancement scheme is required to compensate for the decrease in heat ... more An effective heat transfer enhancement scheme is required to compensate for the decrease in heat transfer due to MHD effects in FLiBe based blanket design of fusion reactor. In present study, a twisted tape is selected as a potential candidate for a turbulence promoter, and a thermohydraulic behavior of turbulent flow of an electrically conducting fluid in a non-conducting pipe with twisted tape insertion under a transverse magnetic field is investigated. As a result, significant decrease of heat transfer performance is not observed compared with the same flow without the tape insertion because the heat transfer is dominated by the strong helical flow which is not suppressed by the magnetic field.

In recent years with the exacerbation of energy shortage around the world and the continuous incr... more In recent years with the exacerbation of energy shortage around the world and the continuous increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions, the use of various sources of renewable energy is increasingly becoming important for sustainable development. Solar energy is considered to be one of the most promising sources of energy, owing to its clean and renewable characteristics. Thermal energy storage (TES) is used to assist in the effective utilization of thermal energy in wide number of industrial and domestic applications. Thermal energy is stored as sensible heat (SHS) or latent heat (LHS). Sensible heat storage (SHS) materials are combination of materials (both solids and liquids) which undergo no phase change in the defined temperature range of the storage process. Example concrete, cast steel, cast iron etc. The use of a latent heat storage system (LHS) using phase change materials (PCMs) is an effective way of storing thermal energy and has the advantages of high energy storage density, narrow operating temperature range and the isothermal nature of the storage process. The phase change materials are more energy dense than sensible energy storage when the temperature difference between heat source and sink are low. Phase change material can store or release energy through its morphology change mechanism. These advantages lead to small volume and less heat loss, which attract attention of researchers in different fields. Ex: Sodium acetate trihydrate, NaNO3. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at a wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering and spacecraft thermal control applications. The uses of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings have been investigated within the past decade. The experimental results computed in the field of water distillation process using solar energy in the presence of energy storage materials are discussed in this paper.

The present work deals with the results of the experimental investigations carried out on augment... more The present work deals with the results of the experimental investigations carried out on augmentation of turbulent flow heat transfer in a horizontal tube by the means of tube inserts, with air as working fluid. Experiments were carried out initially for the plain tube. Nusselt number and friction factor obtained experimentally were validated against those obtained from theoretical correlations. Secondly experimental investigations using five kinds (90 0 , 60 0 FW, 60 0 BW, 30 0 FW, 30 0 BW) of louvered square leaf inserts were carried out to estimate the enhancement of heat transfer rate for air in the presence of insert. Nusselt number and pressure drop increased, overall enhancement ratio is calculated to determine the optimum geometry of tube insert.

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2015

Abstract In recent years with the exacerbation of energy shortage, water crisis increases around ... more Abstract In recent years with the exacerbation of energy shortage, water crisis increases around the world. With the continuous increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions, the use of various sources of renewable energy is increasingly becoming important for sustainable development. Due to the rising oil price and environmental regulations, the demand of utilizing alternative power sources increased dramatically. Alternative energy and its applications have been heavily studied for the last decade. Energy and water are essential for mankind that influences the socioeconomic development of any nation. Pure water resources become more and more scarce every day as rivers, lakes wells and even seawater pollution rapidly increases. Solar energy is one promising solution to secure power and potable water to future generation. The process of distillation can be used to obtain fresh water from salty, brackish or contaminated water. Water is available in different forms such as sea water, underground water, surface water and atmospheric water. Clean water is essential for good health. The search for sustainable energy resources has emerged as one of the most significant and universal concerns in the 21 st century. Solar energy conversion offers a cost effective alternative to our traditional usages. Solar energy is a promising candidate in many applications. Among the alternative energy sources used for electricity production, wind and solar energy systems have become more attractive in recent years. For areas where electricity was not available, stand alone wind and solar systems have been increasingly used. The shortage of drinking water in many countries throughout the world is a serious problem. Humankind has depended for ages on river, sea water and underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. To resolve this crisis, different methods of solar desalination have been used in many countries. Distillation is a well known thermal process for water purification, most importantly, water desalination. Most of the conventional water distillation processes are highly energy consuming and require fossil fuels as well as electric power for their operation. Single basin solar still is a popular solar device used for converting available brackish or waste water into potable water. Because of its lower productivity, it is not popularly used. Numbers of works are under taken to improve the productivity and efficiency of the solar still. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering and spacecraft thermal control applications. The use of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings has been investigated within the past decade. The experimental results computed in the field of water distillation process using solar energy in the presence of energy storage materials Potassium Dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ),Sodium Sulphate(Na 2 SO 4 10H 2 O) and Sodium Acetate (CH 3 COONa) are discussed in this paper.

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2015

An experimental investigation was carried out to find out the effect of injection timing on perfo... more An experimental investigation was carried out to find out the effect of injection timing on performance and emissions of a single cylinder, 4 stroke, and compression ignition engine at various cooling rates. Original injection period of the engine was 240 CA and injection starts at 140 CA BTDC, injection timings were reduced to 220 and 200 CA by delaying the starting of injection at 120 and 100 CA BTDC. Several experimental cycles were conducted at various loads i.e., at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3KW load at cooling rates of 3, 4, 6 lpm of engine water cooling rate. Emissions such as NOx, CO, CO2, UHC and unreacted oxygen was measured by using multi gas exhaust analyzer.

Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 2015

ABSTRACT The twenty first century is rapidly becoming the perfect energy storm, modern society is... more ABSTRACT The twenty first century is rapidly becoming the perfect energy storm, modern society is faced with volatile energy prices and growing environmental concerns as well as energy supply and security issues. One of the greatest challenges facing mankind in the twenty first century is energy. Fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas have been the main energy resources for everything vital for human society. The burning of fossil fuels has caused and is causing damage to the environment of earth. By 2050 the demand for energy could double or even triple as the global population grows and developing countries expand their economies. This has already raised concerns over potential supply difficulties, depletion of energy resources and expediting environmental impacts like ozone layer depletion, global warming and climate change etc. The most abundant energy resource available to human society is solar energy. The utilization of solar energy is as old as human history. Among various types of renewable energy resources, solar energy is the least utilized. Air conditioning is essential for maintaining thermal comfort in indoor environments, particularly for hot and humid climates. Today, air conditioning comprising cooling and dehumidification has become a necessity in commercial and residential buildings and industrial processes. During the summer, the demand for electricity greatly increases because of the extensive use of air-conditioning systems. This is a source of major problems in the country's electricity supply and contributes to an increase of CO2 emissions causing the environmental pollution and global warming. On the other hand, vapour compression air conditioning systems have impacts on stratospheric ozone depletion because of the chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and the hydro fluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants. The use of solar energy to drive cooling cycles is attractive since the cooling load is roughly in phase with solar energy availability. To cool with solar thermal energy, one solution is to use an absorption chillier using water and lithium bromide solution. Solar air conditioning systems help to minimize fossil fuel energy use. Among the evolving energy efficient air conditioning technologies are liquid desiccant air conditioning (LDAC) systems, which have showed promising performance during the past decades and are believed to be a strong competitor with the widely used conventional air conditioning systems (CAC). Desiccant evaporation cooling technology is environmental friendly and can be used to condition the indoor environment of buildings. Unlike conventional air conditioning systems, the desiccant air conditioning systems can be driven by low grade heat sources such as solar energy and industrial waste heat. In this study, a focus is made on reduction in Air Conditioning capacity, fuel savings and emission reductions attainable through the use of solar energy.

Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 2015

ABSTRACT Energy and water are the two major issues faced by human beings nowadays. Owing to incre... more ABSTRACT Energy and water are the two major issues faced by human beings nowadays. Owing to increase in the energy costs and the adverse effect on the environment caused by the burning of fossil fuels, renewable energy sources are being used worldwide to contribute in meeting the energy demand. Renewable energy denotes a clean, nontoxic energy source that cannot be exhausted. The primary renewable energy sources are the sun, wind, biomass, tide, waves and geothermal energy. Harnessing the abundance of solar energy has been one of the most attractive energy alternatives. The development of an efficient and economical solar energy storage system is of major concern. Energy storage plays an important role in conserving available energy and improving its utilization. Electrical energy consumption varies during day time and night time. Solar energy is available only during the day. Hence its applications require efficient thermal energy storage so that the excess heat collected during sunshine hours may be stored for later use during the night time. The main problem while utilizing solar energy is its availability which is often intermittent, variable and unpredictable. These problems can be addressed by the storage of thermal energy. Thermal energy storage (TES) will improve the efficiency and output of solar power.A thermal energy storage system mainly consists of three parts, the storage medium, heat transfer mechanism and containment system. Thermal energy storage (TES) applications have significantly increased because of the increase in the energy prices and environmental regulations. Latent heat storage (LHS) is one of the efficient ways of storing thermal energy. Unlike the sensible heat storage (SHS) method, the latent heat storage method provides much higher storage density with a smaller temperature difference between storing and releasing heat. There are large numbers of phase change materials that melt and solidify at a wide range of temperatures. The reason behind using phase change materials is due to their advantages such as low cost, high storage density and isothermal operation. For the solar desalination process, they are used as a bridge to cross the gap between the energy source, the sun and the desalination unit.

Aquatic Procedia, 2015

ABSTRACT Energy and water are necessity of mankind that influences the development of any nation.... more ABSTRACT Energy and water are necessity of mankind that influences the development of any nation. Today, the production of fresh drinking water is a serious problem. Fresh water resources are becoming scarce due to population growth and pollution caused by industrial waste. Drinking water shortage is expected to become one of the biggest problems faced by world.With the continuous increase in the energy shortage and environmental pollution to reduce the mismatch between energy supply and energy demand, solar energy is one of the technologies which could be used as an alternative to the fossil fuel energy. Solar energy technologies are rapidly growing industries because it is one of the most reliable and readily available energy sources in the world. In most cases, the direct use of sea water is not possible because it is made up of different types of salts. Distillation is a well known thermal process for water purification and most importantly water desalination. Most of the conventional water distillation processes are highly energy consuming and require fossil fuels as well as electric power for their operation. Solar energy can be used to produce fresh water directly in a solar still or indirectly where the thermal energy from a solar energy system is supplied to solar still. One way to improve the energy utilization is to store the energy during sunshine times of higher solar incidence for later use of necessary needs. Efficient storage technologies are required to store energy for twenty four hours cycles to meet energy demand. Energy storage would enable to power generation for night periods and it helps match the generation and demand peaks.