Tobias Gunas - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Tobias Gunas

This article is intended to investigate the insertion in WhatsApp group. It is an interesting phe... more This article is intended to investigate the insertion in WhatsApp group. It is an interesting phenomenon to be studied as people who do interaction via WAG increase everyday. Furthermore, this study focuses on three points of investigation namely, types of insertion, function of insertion and reason of insertion. This study is designed as qualitative study and the researcher plays role as a participant observer. The data were collected by doing observation with the Cendana's WAG conversation as the source of data. The result of study confirms that (1) word, phrase, clause and idiom insertion appear in WAG, (2) six functions of code mixing are presented in the conversation, namely quotation, repetition, interjection, message qualification, personalization and facility of expression and (3) reasons of doing code mixing are talking about a particular topic, being emphatic about something or express solidarity, interjection, quoting someone else, repetition used for clarification, intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor, expressing group identity and because of real lexical need.

Widya Laksana, Mar 1, 2021

Salah satu titik fokus dari pendidikan saat ini adalah penilaian berorientasi pada keterampilan b... more Salah satu titik fokus dari pendidikan saat ini adalah penilaian berorientasi pada keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Keterampilan tersebut mendorong peserta didik mampu berpikir kritis, analitis, sistematis, terutama dalam konteks pemecahan masalah, berkomunikasi, dan berkolaborasi dengan teman sebaya. Namun demikian, belum semua pendidik mampu menyusun soal yang berorientasi pada keterampilan yang dimaksud. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan terkait penyusunan soal yang berorientasi pada keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi kepada para guru SMA yang berjumlah 45 orang. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah ceramah, tanya jawab, diskusi, dan presentasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan, para peserta pelatihan memahami hakikat penyusunan soal yang berorientasi pada Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) dalam pembelajaran. Dari empat pertemuan yang telah dijalankan, para peserta pelatihan mampu mengklasifikasi dan menyusun soal yang berorientasi pada Lower Order Thinking Skill (LOTS), Medium Order Thinking Skill (MOTS), dan Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS).

KnE Social Sciences, Feb 19, 2020

This research mainly focused on describing the intercultural dialectic in the interaction among l... more This research mainly focused on describing the intercultural dialectic in the interaction among local transmigrant employees in manggarai-NTT. The employees have multicultural background since they come from different regions in indonesia. A descriptive qualitative research design was used to understand the pattern of interaction among mother tongue of each employees, indonesian language, and other local languages that emerge the variation of language in their daily communication. In order to shed light on this issue, the factors that influence the use of the language variations were also significant to be considered. The research findings indicated that dialect maintenance, dialect adaptation, the occurrence of other languages, and the emergence of a unique dialect evolved. These patterns occurred due to some factors such as speech situation and topic, keeping the intimacy among the employers, language pride and as a marketing strategy. Keywords: intercultural dialectic, language variation, local transmigrant employee.

Retorika : Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, Oct 19, 2021

The aim of the research is to explicate and account for the verb of eating in Manggaraian languag... more The aim of the research is to explicate and account for the verb of eating in Manggaraian language. There are some verbs denoting the meaning of eating, such as hang, lompong, jumik, mboros, takung, la'ur, alas, pongo mu'u. The qualitative research method was applied to unveil and explain the explication of meaning in the given verbs respectively. Field-observation and recording were the techniques used to gather the data from the natural speakers utterances as well as part of the data were based on the researchers' intuitive knowledge as the native speakers. The data were analyzed through the theory of Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM). The results of the analysis reveal that Manggaraian language has the inventory of verbs designating the meaning of eating such as hang, jumik, lompong, mboros, takung, raci, alas, pongo mu'u. In terms of semantic prime, the verbs are under the category of the action verb. Comparing to the other verbs, the verbs jumik, lompong, pongo mu'u have more delicate meaning of eating. Furthermore, those verbs are classified into generic and specific category of meaning. The verbs "hang, jumik, mboros" are generic in meaning while the verbs lompong alas,racik, pongo mu'u, takung are specific in meaning. The verbs are categorized into non-compositional polysemy. Regarding the explication of meaning, the verbs reveal the action and the process of eating involving certain parts of body (hands and mouth) as well as specific tools (plate, spoon, bowl).

Interdisciplinary journal of sociality studies, Jul 14, 2023

Politeness is crucial to communicating among individuals or between groups in a speech community.... more Politeness is crucial to communicating among individuals or between groups in a speech community. This research mainly explores the politeness of welcoming guests in the Manggaraian speech community. Video recording and interviews were the techniques used to collect the data. Eight videos were recorded and transcribed in text. The data were interpreted in socio-pragmatics theory. The findings reveal that the Manggaraian speech community tend to apply positive and off-the-record politeness strategies. A positive politeness strategy was mainly employed to build a close relationship and friendliness and to show respect to a guest. The use of a positive politeness strategy was marked in honorifics such as ite, mori, ema, and downtoner yo. An offthe-record politeness strategy was utilised to designate generosity, modesty, and approbation to a guest. This politeness strategy was indicated in metaphorical expressions. The social factors that determine the use of those politeness strategies are related to the context of the event, age, relation, and guest status. In this study, the Manggaraian speech community employ politeness in the ritual of welcoming a guest to achieve three benefits: manifesting respect, maintaining a good relationship, and showing a positive attitude toward the guest. Every ethnic group and speech community establishes a different politeness concept based on diverse cultural backgrounds and cognition. It is reflected in language use, such as utterances, lexicon, speech acts, and expressions. As Kramsh (2004) contended, various semiotics of language,

Interdisciplinary Journal of Sociality Studies

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education, Humanities, Health and Agriculture, ICEHHA 2022, 21-22 October 2022, Ruteng, Flores, Indonesia

Interdisciplinary journal of education research, Apr 9, 2023

This research mainly explores pragmatic modifiers in shaping teachers' polite requests in English... more This research mainly explores pragmatic modifiers in shaping teachers' polite requests in English Foreign Language classroom interaction (henceforth: EFL). The research was designed qualitatively, employing nonparticipant observation and field-note methods. Audiovideo recording and note-taking were used to obtain the data on the male and female teachers' utterances during classroom interaction. The key apparatuses are a smartphone Vivo of Y21 and a digital voice recorder of 32 GB to capture natural-occurring data. The data were analysed through three interactive procedures of qualitative data analysis; data condensation, display, and conclusion drawing. The data interpretation was primarily drawn on the pragmatic theory of politeness, FTAs, and pragmatic modifiers. Part of the data was analysed from language and gender perspectives. The findings yielded that the male and female teachers applied internal and external pragmatic modifiers to enact polite requests in classroom interaction settings. The internal pragmatic modifiers cover downtoner, politeness marker, appreciative opening, and hedged performative opening. The external pragmatic modifiers include vocative, disarmer, and propitiator. There is a slight difference between male and female teachers in realising those types of pragmatic modifiers. It was partly related to the features of women's language. However, such empirical evidence could not be directly generated for language and gender. The findings have implications for further investigations to probe the issue in depth. Interaction is pedagogically designed and integrated into language instruction, including English Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms, to facilitate teaching-learning activities. Mainly, classroom interaction strengthens language instruction, communicative competence and skill, and task orientation Markee, 2015). It is a means that teachers and students use to achieve communicative goals during the teaching-learning process. For teachers, interaction is beneficial for explaining

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education, Humanities, Health and Agriculture, ICEHHA 2022, 21-22 October 2022, Ruteng, Flores, Indonesia

IJER, 2023

This research mainly explores pragmatic modifiers in shaping teachers' polite requests in English... more This research mainly explores pragmatic modifiers in shaping teachers' polite requests in English Foreign Language classroom interaction (henceforth: EFL). The research was designed qualitatively, employing nonparticipant observation and field-note methods. Audio video recording and note-taking were used to obtain the data on the male and female teachers' utterances during classroom interaction. The key apparatuses are a smartphone Vivo of Y21 and a digital voice recorder of 32 GB to capture natural-occurring data. The data were analysed through three interactive procedures of qualitative data analysis; data condensation, display, and conclusion drawing. The data interpretation was primarily drawn on the pragmatic theory of politeness, FTAs, and pragmatic modifiers. Part of the data was analysed from language and gender perspectives. The findings yielded that the male and female teachers applied internal and external pragmatic modifiers to enact polite requests in classroom interaction settings. The internal pragmatic modifiers cover downtoner, politeness marker, appreciative opening, and hedged performative opening. The external pragmatic modifiers include vocative, disarmer, and propitiator. There is a slight difference between male and female teachers in realising those types of pragmatic modifiers. It was partly related to the features of women's language. However, such empirical evidence could not be directly generated for language and gender. The findings have implications for further investigations to probe the issue in depth. Interaction is pedagogically designed and integrated into language instruction, including English Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms, to facilitate teaching-learning activities. Mainly, classroom interaction strengthens language instruction, communicative competence and skill, and task orientation Markee, 2015). It is a means that teachers and students use to achieve communicative goals during the teaching-learning process. For teachers, interaction is beneficial for explaining

TIJOSSW, 2023

This research attempts to explore and uncover how politeness strategy is realized in EFL teaching... more This research attempts to explore and uncover how politeness strategy is realized in EFL teaching-learning context at High schools in the Manggarai region, eastern Indonesia. The qualitative research method was applied using field observation, recording, and fieldnote-taking techniques for data collection. The data were obtained from the recorded teachers' and students' utterances in EFL classrooms in the Eleventh grade of high schools. The data were transcribed into the texts and then analyzed qualitatively. The analysis was conducted using an interactive model and pragmatic equivalent method. The findings show that EFL teachers and the students applied three types of politeness strategy, including the bald-on record strategy, positive politeness strategy, and negative politeness strategy. The politeness strategies serve to achieve instructional goals. The realization of the politeness strategies was constrained to several maxims, such as the tact of the maxim, approbation maxim, maxim of sympathy, and maxim of agreement. The findings have implications for further investigation of Politeness that interplays with other aspects like approach and method in the classroom.

Kongres Internasional Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia

Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Missio, Jan 27, 2016

Motivation and Affective Principle in Language Learning: Implications to EFL Learners and Teacher... more Motivation and Affective Principle in Language Learning: Implications to EFL Learners and Teachers. Teaching and learning language are essentially interrelated with the factor of motivation and affective principle. Many researches have revealed that motivation factor and affective principle have contributed to the success of language learning. In this case, the effect of motivation and affective principle prove to be of importance for learners in the course of language learning. This article is mainly intended to explore the concept of motivation, affective principle, types of motivation, and motivational strategies as well as implications.

KnE Social Sciences, 2020

Cohesion and coherence aspects are the essential components of writing, including descriptive and... more Cohesion and coherence aspects are the essential components of writing, including descriptive and narrative texts. Those writing components are inevitably required to build a readable written text. This research mainly attempts to investigate the aspects of cohesion and coherence in the students’ writing tasks on descriptive and narrative text genres. 390 students were randomly selected as the subjects from thirteen senior high schools in Langke Rembong district. The students were assigned to write both descriptive and narrative text genres concerning the given prepared topics. The topics were familiar with the students. The data were analyzed in a descriptive quantitative model of analysis in light of percentages and counted scores. Accordingly, cohesion and coherence aspects were subsumed under some levels. The research revealed that cohesion and coherence aspects were poorly employed in the students’ writing. Only a smaller amount of the writings were partially cohesive and cohe...

One of the focuses of education today is assessment oriented to the higher-order thinking skills.... more One of the focuses of education today is assessment oriented to the higher-order thinking skills. This skill encourages students could be able to think critically, analytically, systematically, particularly in the context of problem-solving, communicating, and collaborating with peers. However, not all educators have been able to construct the items test based on the skill needed. The purpose of this community service is to provide the knowledge related to the construction of item tests that oriented to the higher-order thinking skills of 45 Senior High School teachers. The methods used to achieve this objective were lecture, question answer, discussion, and presentation. The result showed the trainees understood the nature of the construction of the test-oriented to the higher-order thinking skill in the learning process. From the four meetings done, the trainees could be able to classify and construct the tests oriented to the lower-order thinking skill, medium-order thinking skil...

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Education, Humanities, Health and Agriculture, ICEHHA 2021, 3-4 June 2021, Ruteng, Flores, Indonesia

SEMNALISA, 2021

In the regional election, public debate is a forum of political idea contestation stating the pol... more In the regional election, public debate is a forum of political idea contestation stating the political
pragmatism conveyed in the political discourse. In this context, language plays a vital role as a means
of communication striving for various politic ends. This research aims to analyse and account for
political pragmatisme and implicature implied in the utterances expressed by the two candidates of the
head of regency in Manggarai. Descriptive qualitative research was applied to unveil the political
pragmatism and implicature. Documentation, listening, and note-taking were the techniques used to
gather the data from the recorded video released by the local election commission of Manggarai
regency. The data were analysed based on implicature and discourse theories. The results of the study
reveal that all the utterances expressed in the public debate contain implicatures, not conventional
implicature and conversational implicature. Both types of implicature were closely related to the topics
of the public debate as the context building and political interest. Meanwhile, the political pragmatism
is categorised into positive and negative types. The positive political pragmatism shows more realistic
way of thinking and has the orientation toward the development and progress in Manggarai regency.
However, the negative political implicature tends to be more unrealistic and even exploitative as well
as the orientation of winning the local political contestation.

RETORIKA: JURNAL ILMU BAHASA, 2021

The aim of the research is to explicate and account for the verb of eating in Manggaraian languag... more The aim of the research is to explicate and account for the verb of eating in Manggaraian language.
There are some verbs denoting the meaning of eating, such as hang, lompong, jumik, mboros, takung, la’ur, alas,
pongo mu’u. The qualitative research method was applied to unveil and explain the explication of meaning in
the given verbs respectively. Field-observation and recording were the techniques used to gather the data from
the natural speakers utterances as well as part of the data were based on the researchers’ intuitive knowledge as
the native speakers. The data were analyzed through the theory of Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM). The
results of the analysis reveal that Manggaraian language has the inventory of verbs designating the meaning of
eating such as hang, jumik, lompong, mboros, takung, raci, alas, pongo mu’u. In terms of semantic prime, the
verbs are under the category of the action verb. Comparing to the other verbs, the verbs jumik, lompong, pongo
mu’u have more delicate meaning of eating. Furthermore, those verbs are classified into generic and specific
category of meaning. The verbs “hang, jumik, mboros” are generic in meaning while the verbs lompong
alas,racik, pongo mu’u, takung are specific in meaning. The verbs are categorized into non-compositional
polysemy. Regarding the explication of meaning, the verbs reveal the action and the process of eating involving
certain parts of body (hands and mouth) as well as specific tools (plate, spoon, bowl)

Widya Laksana, Mar 1, 2021

KnE Social Sciences, Feb 19, 2020

Retorika : Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, Oct 19, 2021

Interdisciplinary journal of sociality studies, Jul 14, 2023

Interdisciplinary Journal of Sociality Studies

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education, Humanities, Health and Agriculture, ICEHHA 2022, 21-22 October 2022, Ruteng, Flores, Indonesia

Interdisciplinary journal of education research, Apr 9, 2023

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education, Humanities, Health and Agriculture, ICEHHA 2022, 21-22 October 2022, Ruteng, Flores, Indonesia

IJER, 2023

This research mainly explores pragmatic modifiers in shaping teachers' polite requests in English... more This research mainly explores pragmatic modifiers in shaping teachers' polite requests in English Foreign Language classroom interaction (henceforth: EFL). The research was designed qualitatively, employing nonparticipant observation and field-note methods. Audio video recording and note-taking were used to obtain the data on the male and female teachers' utterances during classroom interaction. The key apparatuses are a smartphone Vivo of Y21 and a digital voice recorder of 32 GB to capture natural-occurring data. The data were analysed through three interactive procedures of qualitative data analysis; data condensation, display, and conclusion drawing. The data interpretation was primarily drawn on the pragmatic theory of politeness, FTAs, and pragmatic modifiers. Part of the data was analysed from language and gender perspectives. The findings yielded that the male and female teachers applied internal and external pragmatic modifiers to enact polite requests in classroom interaction settings. The internal pragmatic modifiers cover downtoner, politeness marker, appreciative opening, and hedged performative opening. The external pragmatic modifiers include vocative, disarmer, and propitiator. There is a slight difference between male and female teachers in realising those types of pragmatic modifiers. It was partly related to the features of women's language. However, such empirical evidence could not be directly generated for language and gender. The findings have implications for further investigations to probe the issue in depth. Interaction is pedagogically designed and integrated into language instruction, including English Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms, to facilitate teaching-learning activities. Mainly, classroom interaction strengthens language instruction, communicative competence and skill, and task orientation Markee, 2015). It is a means that teachers and students use to achieve communicative goals during the teaching-learning process. For teachers, interaction is beneficial for explaining

TIJOSSW, 2023

Kongres Internasional Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia

Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Missio, Jan 27, 2016

KnE Social Sciences, 2020

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Education, Humanities, Health and Agriculture, ICEHHA 2021, 3-4 June 2021, Ruteng, Flores, Indonesia

SEMNALISA, 2021

RETORIKA: JURNAL ILMU BAHASA, 2021

The aim of the research is to explicate and account for the verb of eating in Manggaraian languag... more The aim of the research is to explicate and account for the verb of eating in Manggaraian language.
There are some verbs denoting the meaning of eating, such as hang, lompong, jumik, mboros, takung, la’ur, alas,
pongo mu’u. The qualitative research method was applied to unveil and explain the explication of meaning in
the given verbs respectively. Field-observation and recording were the techniques used to gather the data from
the natural speakers utterances as well as part of the data were based on the researchers’ intuitive knowledge as
the native speakers. The data were analyzed through the theory of Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM). The
results of the analysis reveal that Manggaraian language has the inventory of verbs designating the meaning of
eating such as hang, jumik, lompong, mboros, takung, raci, alas, pongo mu’u. In terms of semantic prime, the
verbs are under the category of the action verb. Comparing to the other verbs, the verbs jumik, lompong, pongo
mu’u have more delicate meaning of eating. Furthermore, those verbs are classified into generic and specific
category of meaning. The verbs “hang, jumik, mboros” are generic in meaning while the verbs lompong
alas,racik, pongo mu’u, takung are specific in meaning. The verbs are categorized into non-compositional
polysemy. Regarding the explication of meaning, the verbs reveal the action and the process of eating involving
certain parts of body (hands and mouth) as well as specific tools (plate, spoon, bowl)

Buku Persembahan Untuk I Gede Sadia, 2021

Filsafat merupakan kajian kritis terkait berbagai hakikat realitas dalam hidup manusia. Perkemba... more Filsafat merupakan kajian kritis terkait berbagai hakikat realitas dalam hidup
manusia. Perkembangan filsafat tidak dapat dipisahkan dari bahasa. Bahasa
digunakan untuk pengungkapan pemikiran filosofis dan dijadikan sebagai
sarana analisis konsep dan masalah dalam filsafat. Demikianpun, bahasa sebagai
obyek (materi) kajian filsafat telah mengalami perkembangan dan berkontribusi
terhadap bidang kajian linguistik. Thomas Hobbes dengan aliran filsafat
empirisme dan materialisme berpengaruh terhadap pemaknaan kebenaran
makna bahasa dengan munculnya teori “verification of linguistic meaning”.

PROSIDING KIMLI, 2021

Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Nomor 11 tahun 2020 adalah produk hukum yang menerapkan konsep omnibus ... more Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Nomor 11 tahun 2020 adalah produk hukum yang menerapkan konsep omnibus law. Kehadiran undang-undang tersebut di ruang publik telah menuai banyak kritik dan bahkan penolakan dari berbagai kalangan. Perbedaan sudut pandang dalam memaknai sejumlah pasal tentang ketenagakerjaan menyebabkan kontroversi terhadap penerapan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kontroversi penggunaan bahasa dalam sejumlah pasal tentang ketenagakerjaan dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Nomor 11 tahun 2020. Dalam penelitian ini, kajian linguistik forensik membedah masalah bahasa sebagai wacana hukum yang melibatkan aspek mikrolinguistik dan makrolinguistik. Metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis penggunaan bahasa dalam pasal-pasal tentang ketenagakerjaan. Data diperoleh melalui metode simak dan teknik catat. Data dianalisis berdasarkan teori linguistik forensik dengan pendekatan analisis wacana kritis yang meliputi aspek mikrolinguistik (leksikon dan kalimat) dan aspek makrolinguistik (dimensi teks, praktik wacana, dan praktik sosial). Kajian ini menemukan bahwa sejumlah pasal tentang ketenagakerjaan menunjukkan ambiguitas makna yang berpotensi terhadap pelanggaran dan pengabaian hak-hak tenaga kerja. Ambiguitas makna ini disebabkan oleh penggunaan leksikon dan kalimat tertentu yang dapat ditafsir secara ganda. Temuan ini berimplikasi bahwa pasal-pasal tertentu terkait ketenagakerjaan perlu diperbaiki terkait penggunaan bahasa untuk memberi kepastian hukum terhadap hak-hak tenaga kerja. Dari segi praktik wacana dan praktik sosial, teks Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja tersebut dikonstruksi untuk mengartikulasi kepentingan semua pihak baik pemerintah, pengusaha, dan tenaga kerja.

AUSTRONESIA, 2021

Taboo words are generally recognized and spoken by speakers of any language in communication. How... more Taboo words are generally recognized and spoken by speakers of any language in communication. However, taboo words richly vary in form, meaning, and use in societies in different languages. As with the case of taboo words, Manggaraian language employs some specific lexicons having different forms, meaning, reference, and use among its speakers. This research aims to explore taboo words in the Manggaraian language from the socio-pragmatic analysis. The descriptive qualitative research method was applied to account for taboo words in the Manggaraian language, whereas the primary data were naturally obtained through field observation, recording, and interview. The data were descriptively analyzed through three procedures, namely: reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The data analysis is, furthermore, based on the theories of taboo language and socio-pragmatics. The results of the study reveal that taboo words in the Manggaraian language are generally classified into profanity, obscenity, epithet, and scatology. These types of taboo words serve some functions such as expressing feeling/emotion, cursing, swearing, closeness and humor, group identity/ethnicity, and drawing attention. The matters of the taboo words refer to sex, physical appearance, animal, waste, and metaphysical things. Socio-pragmatically, the use of taboo words is considered to be a deviant behavior of social norms and impolite words for Manggaraian speakers in daily communication. Taboo words are determined by socio-cultural aspects and contexts of communication.