Gunther Craun - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Gunther Craun

Journal of Food Protection, 1991

Hygiena, Sep 1, 2008

Je podan přehled přicin 212 epidemii z rekreacnich vod v USA zahrnujicich 17 975 připadů onemocně... more Je podan přehled přicin 212 epidemii z rekreacnich vod v USA zahrnujicich 17 975 připadů onemocněni hlasených v obdobi 1995-2004. Nejcastěji hlaseným onemocněnim byla gastroenteritida (91 %). Přiznaky a postiženi pokožky, usi a oci byly meně caste (6 %). Hlaseny byly tež připady leptospirozy, akutniho respiracniho onemocněni, meningitidy a primarni amebove meningoencefalitidy. Etiologie bakterialni ci protozoalni byla zjistěna u větsiny (71 %) epidemii; 8 % epidemii bylo viroveho původu. U 17 % nebyla etiologie potvrzena. Cryptosporidium spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosoa, norovirus a chemikalie byly potvrzeny jako přicina větsiny (69 %) epidemii u upravovaných rekreacnich vod, jako jsou plavecke bazeny a brouzdalistě. Naegleria fowleri, E. coli O157:H7, norovirus, Shigella spp. a ptaci Schistosomatidae byly potvrzeny jako přicina větsiny (72 %) epidemii u neupravovaných rekreacnich vod, jako jsou jezera, vodni nadrže a potoky.Sami koupajici byli nejvýznamnějsimi zdroji kontaminace (např. fekalni znecistěni, koupani nemocných, velke pocty koupajicich se osob) při epidemiich v upravovaných i v neupravovaných rekreacnich vodach. Vypoustěni odpadnich vod, splachy z povodi při velkých destich, vodni květ a různe druhy zviřat a ptactva byly tež významnými zdroji kontaminace neupravovaných rekreacnich vod. Neadekvatni provoz, udržba ci uprava vody byly významnými přispivajicimi rizikovými faktory u epidemii v upravovaných rekreacnich vodach.Surveillance epidemii z vody může napomoci ve zjisťovani etiologických agens, zdrojů kontaminace a zavad v upravě/provozu. Nicmeně statistiky epidemii nemusi přesně odražet rizika sporadickeho ci endemickeho výskytu onemocněni z vody spojeneho s rekreacnimi aktivitami ve sladkých vodach a mořich. Informace z epidemiologických studii, ktere se nyni provaději, mohou vest k doporucenim pro sniženi rizik výskytu endemických onemocněni přenasených vodou.

CABI eBooks, Nov 10, 2017

Epidemiology and Infection, Aug 1, 2000

In April 1997, a large city in the northeastern United States changed their drinking water treatm... more In April 1997, a large city in the northeastern United States changed their drinking water treatment practices. The city, which previously provided only chlorination for their surface water sources added filtration in addition to chlorination. To assess whether Cryptosporidium infections rates declined following filtration, we tested serological responses to 15\17-kDa and 27-kDa Cryptosporidium antigens among 107 community college students 1 month before and 225 students 5 months after filtration. Results suggest that levels of Cryptosporidium infections did not decline following water filtration. However, seasonal changes in other exposures may have confounded the findings. Swimming in a lake, stream or public pool and drinking untreated water from a lake or stream predicted a more intense response to one or both markers. Residence in the city, not drinking city tap water or drinking bottled water, gender, travel or exposure to pets, young pets, diapers or a household child in day care were not found to be predictive of more or less intense serological responses for either the 15\17-kDa and 27-kDa antigen.

Journal American Water Works Association, Dec 1, 1997

Journal American Water Works Association, Jul 1, 1981

Since 1971 a cooperative effort has existed between the Health Effects Research Laboratory, US En... more Since 1971 a cooperative effort has existed between the Health Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Ga., for the purposes of investigating, documenting, and reporting waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Local and state health departments investigate waterborne disease outbreaks and, at times, request assistance from CDC and USEPA. As part of the reporting system, state epidemiologists and engineers in state water supply organizations cooperate in providing data on waterborne outbreaks to these two agencies annually. This report summarizes data reported to USEPA and CDC on waterborne disease outbreaks during 1971–1978.

Epidemiology, 1998

1. Epidemiology. 1998 Jan;9(1):7-8. That confounded P-value. Lang JM, Rothman KJ, Cann CI. Commen... more 1. Epidemiology. 1998 Jan;9(1):7-8. That confounded P-value. Lang JM, Rothman KJ, Cann CI. Comment in: Epidemiology. 1999 May;10(3):345-7. Comment on: Epidemiology. 1998 Jan;9(1):21-8. PMID: 9430261 [PubMed ...

American Journal of Epidemiology, Apr 1, 1977

... The authors thank Emelita Santos, Kaye Wachs-&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;muth, ... more ... The authors thank Emelita Santos, Kaye Wachs-&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;muth, Nancy Puhr, Wallis Dewitt, Charlotte Par-ker, Sam Lee, Steve Gioia, and Edward Chin for their laboratory support; Daniel H. Connor, MD, ity to many cholera-infected countries, Guam had never before reported cholera. ...

American Journal of Epidemiology, Mar 1, 1979

Transactions of the ASAE, 1973

Risk Analysis, Apr 1, 2002

We estimated the number of transportation deaths that would be associated with water treatment in... more We estimated the number of transportation deaths that would be associated with water treatment in Albuquerque to meet the EPA's recently proposed revisions of the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for arsenic. Vehicle mileage was estimated for ion exchange, activated alumina, and iron coagulation/microfiltration water treatment processes to meet an MCL of 0.020 mg/L, 0.010 mg/L, 0.005 mg/L, and 0.003 mg/L. Local crash, injury, and death rates per million vehicle miles were used to estimate the number of injuries and deaths. Depending on the water treatment options chosen, we estimate that meeting an arsenic MCL of 0.005 mg/L will result in 143 to 237 crashes, 58 to 98 injuries, and 0.6 to 2.6 deaths in Albuquerque over a 70-year period, resulting in 26 to 113 years of life lost. The anticipated health benefits for Albuquerque residents from a 0.005 mg/L arsenic MCL, estimated using either a multistage Weibull or Poisson model, ranged from 3 to 80 arsenic-related bladder and lung cancer deaths prevented over a 70-year period, adding between 43 and 1,123 years of life. Whether a revised arsenic MCL increases or reduces overall loss of life in Albuquerque depends on the accuracy of EPA's cancer risk assessment. If the multistage Weibull model accurately estimates the benefits, the years of life added is comparable or lower than the anticipated years lost due to transportation associated with the delivery of chemicals, disposal of treatment waste, and operation of the water treatment system. Coagulation/microfiltration treatment will result in substantially fewer transportation deaths than either ion exchange or activated alumina.

Infection and Immunity, Aug 1, 1998

Journal American Water Works Association, Aug 1, 1955

Journal American Water Works Association, Apr 1, 1992

For the two‐year period 1989–90, 16 states reported 26 outbreaks of waterborne disease from water... more For the two‐year period 1989–90, 16 states reported 26 outbreaks of waterborne disease from water intended for drinking. These outbreaks resulted in illness in an estimated 4,288 people. Giardia lamblia was implicated as the etiologic agent for seven of the twelve outbreaks in which an agent was identified. The outbreaks of giardiasis were all associated with ingestion of unfiltered surface water or groundwater influenced by a surface water. An outbreak with four deaths was attributed to Escherichia coli O157:H7, the only bacterial pathogen implicated in any of the outbreak investigations. An outbreak of remitting, relapsing diarrhea was associated with cyanobacteria (blue‐green algae)‐like bodies, whose role in causing diarrhea1 illness is being studied. Two outbreaks caused by hepatitis A and one caused by a Norwalk‐like agent were associated with use of well water. National surveillance of outbreaks of waterborne disease, which has been conducted for two decades, continues to be a useful means for characterizing the epidemiology of waterborne diseases.

Studies of the occurrence of bladder cancer in relation to exposure to chlorinated drinking water... more Studies of the occurrence of bladder cancer in relation to exposure to chlorinated drinking water, in general, have found a small excess frequency of bladder cancer among consumers of chlorinated drinking water. Despite near consistent findings of a small positive association, interpretation of the association has been cautious because of the inability to control for potential confounding by unmeasured differences

Journal American Water Works Association, Sep 1, 1996