Hüsamettin Bulut - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hüsamettin Bulut

The increased need for thermal comfort, the rising cost of energy consumption and environmental i... more The increased need for thermal comfort, the rising cost of energy consumption and environmental issues have made alternative and hybrid techniques and methods very attractive. Earth tubes, also called earth-air heat exchangers (EAHX) offer the possibility of reducing use of nonrenewable energy in ventilation and air conditioning systems and provide good indoor air quality for the conditioned environments. In this study, the performance of an EAHX was investigated in Şanlıurfa, Turkey which has hot and dry climatic conditions. Inlet and outlet air temperatures, air velocity of EAHX and soil temperature were measured simultaneously at one minute increments during summer season in 2014. The statistical and thermal analysis of measurements were carried out for EAHX system. The effectiveness of EAHX, the COP of the system and the heat rejected to soil were calculated. Although the data vary during the day and in the month, the maximum difference between inlet and outlet air temperature is determined as 16.6 o C and the mean is found 6.2 o C in EAHX system. The mean outlet air temperature fluctuate approximately in the range of 23.4 o C and 28.4 o C. It is found out that the average of maximum values of EAHX effectiveness is 0.80 and the mean of COP values lay out in the range from 0.9 to 8.9. According to the results of this experimental study, it is seen that the EAHX shows good thermal performance and has energy saving potential for applications of cooling and ventilation in hot and dry climatic conditions.

The increased need for thermal comfort, the rising cost of energy consumption and environmental i... more The increased need for thermal comfort, the rising cost of energy consumption and environmental issues have made alternative and hybrid techniques and methods very attractive. Earth tubes, also called earth-air heat exchangers (EAHX) offer the possibility of reducing use of nonrenewable energy in ventilation and air conditioning systems and provide good indoor air quality for the conditioned environments. In this study, the performance of an EAHX was investigated in Şanlıurfa, Turkey which has hot and dry climatic conditions. Inlet and outlet air temperatures, air velocity of EAHX and soil temperature were measured simultaneously at one minute increments during summer season in 2014. The statistical and thermal analysis of measurements were carried out for EAHX system. The effectiveness of EAHX, the COP of the system and the heat rejected to soil were calculated. Although the data vary during the day and in the month, the maximum difference between inlet and outlet air temperature is determined as 16.6 o C and the mean is found 6.2 o C in EAHX system. The mean outlet air temperature fluctuate approximately in the range of 23.4 o C and 28.4 o C. It is found out that the average of maximum values of EAHX effectiveness is 0.80 and the mean of COP values lay out in the range from 0.9 to 8.9. According to the results of this experimental study, it is seen that the EAHX shows good thermal performance and has energy saving potential for applications of cooling and ventilation in hot and dry climatic conditions.

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2015

The instruments used in endoscopic surgery include rigid endoscopes of different diameters and an... more The instruments used in endoscopic surgery include rigid endoscopes of different diameters and angles, sources of light, and monitors. In this study, we explored temperature rises in the round window caused by insertion of rigid endoscopes of different diameters into the middle ear; the endoscopes were fitted with different light sources. An experimental animal study. We subjected seven guinea pigs to simulated otological surgery at room temperature. We monitored body temperatures, along with temperature rises caused by the use of 0° rigid endoscopes of diameters 3 or 4 mm, fitted with light sources including a halogen light, a light-emitting diode (LED), and a xenon light. Data were collected every second from a sensor placed in the round window. Rigid endoscopes caused the temperature of the tympanum to rise when xenon and halogen light sources were used, regardless of endoscope diameter. However, the temperature rise was less when a LED light source was employed. The endoscopic instruments used in middle ear surgery caused the temperature of the round window to rise. The rise varied with endoscope diameter and the type of light source used. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2015

Following the initial use of endoscopes in otology, the pros and cons of these instruments have b... more Following the initial use of endoscopes in otology, the pros and cons of these instruments have been questioned increasingly. These instruments cause an increase in temperature that needs to be investigated. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the temperature increase caused by endoscopes and light sources in the perilymph by performing a stapedotomy in an animal model under anesthesia. The study was performed in a guinea pig model. In the animal model, a simulated otologic stapes surgery was performed at room temperature. The body temperatures of the guinea pigs were monitored; the temperature increase caused by the 0-degree rigid endoscopes with diameters of 3 and 4 mm as well as the light sources, including halogen, light-emitting diode (LED), and xenon lamps, were monitored following the stapedotomy to measure and document the continuous temperature increase in the perilymph using sensors placed at the oval window. Rigid endoscopes cause a temperature increase in the tympanum regardless of their diameter when used with xenon and halogen light sources. The LED light caused a relatively small temperature increase. The endoscopic instruments used in the stapes operation caused a temperature increase in the oval window. The authors concluded that this heat could easily be transmitted to the cochlea by the perilymph, which has obstructed contact with the outer environment following stapedomy, resulting in neurosensorial damage.

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015

ABSTRACT Scrap tires represent increasing environmental-pollution problems because they are not b... more ABSTRACT Scrap tires represent increasing environmental-pollution problems because they are not biodegradable and require a significantly long time for natural degradation, which is caused by the cross-linked structure of polymeric material and the presence of stabilizers and other additives. Potential use of scrap tires in construction is one of its important application areas and an alternative recovery method. In this study, a series of experiments was conducted to investigate the dissolution behaviors of new concrete-scrap tire mixture structures (brick) under different experimental conditions, such as scrap tire content, aging, and in acidic, basic and natural environments. The obtained results revealed different effects of adding scrap tires, aging and the existence of H+ and OH− on the dissolution of the brick structures. The added sulfuric acid dissolved calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminosilicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide of the brick via a naturalization reaction and released more soluble metal ions, particularly calcium, in the solution. Additionally, during acidic corrosion, the porosity significantly increased because calcium was removed from the structure; thus, the transport of other ions was enhanced in the corroded layer by diffusion. However, the addition of sodium hydroxide significantly decreased the solubility of calcium because the calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminosilicate hydrate and alkali-silica reaction products precipitated in the presence of calcium. The aging test showed that calcium was substantially dissolved from the brick structure in the first days and slightly slowed down in an acidic medium because the corrosion surface was gradually consumed, which caused the dissolution to occur in the lower part of the corroded region. The increase in scrap tire content increased the surface area and porosity, which resulted in more released calcium and silicon. The study affirmed that the use of granular scrap tires in concrete structures was feasible.

Renewable Energy, 2008

The use of vegetable oils as a fuel in diesel engines causes some problems due to their high visc... more The use of vegetable oils as a fuel in diesel engines causes some problems due to their high viscosity compared with conventional diesel fuel. Various techniques and methods are used to solve the problems resulting from high viscosity. One of these techniques is fuel blending. In this study, a blend of 50% sesame oil and 50% diesel fuel was used as an alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. Engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated and compared with the ordinary diesel fuel in a diesel engine. The experimental results show that the engine power and torque of the mixture of sesame oil-diesel fuel are close to the values obtained from diesel fuel and the amounts of exhaust emissions are lower than those of diesel fuel. Hence, it is seen that blend of sesame oil and diesel fuel can be used as an alternative fuel successfully in a diesel engine without any modification and also it is an environmental friendly fuel in terms of emission parameters. r

International Journal of Green Energy, 2009

Typical solar radiation data is very important for the calculations concerning many solar applica... more Typical solar radiation data is very important for the calculations concerning many solar applications. In this study, typical solar radiation years for six provinces located in the Mediterranean region of Turkey are generated from the daily global solar radiation data measured at least for 14 years, using the Finkelstein-Schafer statistical method. The typical daily global solar radiation data for the

International Journal of Energy Research, 2003

Typical solar radiation data are very important as input in modelling, designing and performance ... more Typical solar radiation data are very important as input in modelling, designing and performance evaluation of solar energy applications. In this study, typical solar radiation data were obtained for ' I Istanbul, Turkey both from measured data and synthetic generation. Firstly, a test reference year for daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface was generated using 19 years measured data. The daily global solar radiation as typical data for ' I Istanbul was presented throughout a year in a tabular form. Secondly, the daily global solar radiation for ' I Istanbul was expressed with a trigonometric equation using long-term measured data. It is expected that the typical data and the equation derived will be useful to the designers of solar energy systems as well as those who need to have fairly good estimates of daily global solar radiation for ' I Istanbul.

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2007

In this study, the effect of ceiling and floor surface temperatures and room dimensions on the Nu... more In this study, the effect of ceiling and floor surface temperatures and room dimensions on the Nusselt number over the floor of a floor heating system has been investigated numerically. The variation of the Nusselt number with Rayleigh number has been analyzed under constant wall temperature condition for different ceiling temperatures (10–25 °C) and room dimensions. It has been seen that

Energy Conversion and Management, 2008

Outdoor design conditions are important parameters for energy efficiency of buildings. The result... more Outdoor design conditions are important parameters for energy efficiency of buildings. The result of incorrect selection of outdoor design conditions can be dramatic in view of comfort and energy consumption. In this study, the influence of different outdoor design conditions on air conditioning systems is investigated. For this purpose, cooling loads and capacities of air conditioning equipments for a sample building located in Adana, Turkey are calculated using different outdoor design conditions recommended by ASHRAE, the current design data used in Turkey and the daily maximum dry and wet bulb temperatures of July 21st, which is generally accepted as the design day. The cooling coil capacities obtained from the different outdoor design conditions considered in this study are compared with each other. The cost analysis of air conditioning systems is also performed. It is seen that the selection of outdoor design conditions is a very critical step in calculation of the building cooling loads and design capacities of air conditioning equipments.

Energy and Buildings, 2011

Addition of scrap-tire pieces into cementitious composites improves their thermal insulation perf... more Addition of scrap-tire pieces into cementitious composites improves their thermal insulation performance. Development of such construction materials with lower thermal transmittance reusing these wastes is a challenging issue since it provides a combined solution for today's energy saving and environmental pollution concerns. In favor of this, recent European Union directives have brought quiet strict limits to reduce energy consumption and landfill disposal of solid wastes. A model room whose exteriors are fully made with scrap-tire added concrete is built here to increase its thermal protection. A standard/conventional room at identical dimensions but surrounded by ordinary concretes is also built to examine influence of scrap tire addition on room's thermal protection. Long-term thermal behaviors of these two rooms are investigated and compared under real atmospheric environments. Their indoor temperatures reveal that addition of scrap tire pieces lowers both indoor temperature variations and the effect of outdoor conditions. As an example, mean values of yearly thermal time lag are found to be 3.28 and 2.96 h, respectively for the rooms built with and without using scrap tire pieces, corresponding to nearly 11% improvement in thermal protection. Results in overall verify that scrap tire addition improves thermal protection of the room and it is a cost effective solution for people with low income and/or individuals living in rural areas.

Energy, 2002

Outdoor design conditions are weather data for design purposes showing the characteristic feature... more Outdoor design conditions are weather data for design purposes showing the characteristic features of the climate at a particular location. In this study, new outdoor design conditions for cooling were determined for 78 locations within Turkey according to the format recommended by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc. (ASHRAE). Dry-bulb temperature corresponding to 0.4, 1 and 2% annual cumulative frequency of occurrence and the mean coincident wet-bulb temperature, the mean and standard deviation of the annual maximum dry-bulb temperatures, and the mean daily ranges were obtained. In these calculations, the hourly data measured during at least 13 years were used. The current cooling design conditions used in the calculation of cooling load in Turkey were analysed based on their frequency levels. Comparison of the existing cooling design data with the data obtained in this study revealed that the current cooling design temperatures are generally stringent. 

Energy, 2003

In this study, new outdoor design conditions for space heating were determined for 78 locations w... more In this study, new outdoor design conditions for space heating were determined for 78 locations within Turkey according to the format recommended by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc. (ASHRAE). Dry-bulb temperature corresponding to 99%, 99.6% and 97.5% annual cumulative frequency of occurrence, the mean and standard deviation of the annual minimum drybulb temperatures were obtained. These calculations used hourly data measured during at least 13 years. The current heating design conditions used in the calculation of space heating load in Turkey were analyzed based on their frequency levels. Comparison of the existing space heating design data with the data obtained in this study revealed that the current space heating design temperatures are generally stringent and provide total protection. 

Bu çalışmada, panel yüzey sıcaklığı, panel eğim açısı ve elektriksel yüke ait direnç değerinin, P... more Bu çalışmada, panel yüzey sıcaklığı, panel eğim açısı ve elektriksel yüke ait direnç değerinin, PV panel güç çıktısı üzerindeki etkisi; teorik ve deneysel olarak incelenmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, PV sistemlerin tasarlanması esnasında, eğim açısı ve yük direnci için, optimum değerlere ulaşmanın mümkün olduğunu göstermektedir. Panel yüzeyindeki farklı noktalardaki sıcaklık dağılımı belirlenerek, ölçüm yapılan noktalar arasında, 7-8°C'ye ulaşan farklar olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2008

Sanliurfa limestone is becoming increasingly popular for both interior and exterior building appl... more Sanliurfa limestone is becoming increasingly popular for both interior and exterior building applications in the local area in south east Turkey, being easy to cut and shape and suitable for many purposes. Although these limestones are low cost construction materials, they are not widely used elsewhere due to the lack of data regarding their chemical, physico-thermal and mechanical properties and the requirement for highly skilled labour. A total of 264 samples of Sanliurfa limestone from four quarries were tested to determine their physico-thermal and mechanical properties. The data obtained confirmed they satisfy the main international standards for the use of limestone in the construction industry.

Applied Energy, 2001

The degree-day method is one of the well-known and the simplest methods used in the Heating, Vent... more The degree-day method is one of the well-known and the simplest methods used in the Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning industry to estimate heating and cooling energy requirements. In this study, the heating and cooling degree-days for Turkey are determined by using long-term recent measured data. Five different base temperatures ranging from 14 to 22 C are chosen in the calculation of heating degree-days. In the case of cooling degree-days, 6 different base temperatures in the range 18 to 28 C are used. Yearly heating and cooling degree-days are given both in tabular form and as counter maps for all the provinces of Turkey (78 weather stations). #

Applied Energy, 2001

One of the well-known and simple steady-state methods used to predict heating and cooling energy ... more One of the well-known and simple steady-state methods used to predict heating and cooling energy consumption of buildings is the bin method that requires reliable and detailed bin data. In this study, the bin data for Turkey are determined by using long-term measured data. The bin data for dry-bulb temperature from À36 C to 45 C with 3 C increments are calculated in six daily 4-h shifts for 78 provinces of Turkey. #

Applied Energy, 2004

... All rights reserved. Permissions & Reprints. Detailed weather data for the provinces cove... more ... All rights reserved. Permissions & Reprints. Detailed weather data for the provinces covered by the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) of Turkey. Orhan Büyükalaca Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , a and Hüsamettin Bulut b. ...

Applied Energy, 2007

Modelling, performance analysis, and designing of solar energy systems depend on solar radiation ... more Modelling, performance analysis, and designing of solar energy systems depend on solar radiation data. In this study, a simple model for estimating the daily global radiation is developed. The model is based on a trigonometric function, which has only one independent parameter, namely the day of the year. The model is tested for 68 locations in Turkey using the data measured during at least 10 years. It is seen that predictions from the model agree well with the long-term measured data. The predictions are also compared with the data available in literature for Turkey. It is expected that the model developed for daily global solar radiation will be useful to the designers of energy-related systems as well as to those who need to estimates of yearly variation of global solar-radiation for any specific location in Turkey.

Applied Energy, 2011

a b s t r a c t A significant portion of energy consumed in buildings is attributed to energy usa... more a b s t r a c t A significant portion of energy consumed in buildings is attributed to energy usage by heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Free cooling is a good opportunity for energy savings in air conditioning systems. With free cooling, commonly is known economizer cycle, the benefits of lower ambient temperatures are utilized for a significant proportion of the year in many climates. The detailed analysis of local weather data is required to assess the benefits of economizer. In this study, free cooling potential of _ Istanbul, Turkey was determined by using hourly dry-bulb temperatures measurements during a period of 16 years. It is found that the free cooling potential varies with supply air temperature and months. It is determined that although there are substantial energy savings during a significant portion of the year especially in transition months (April, May, September and October), the high outdoor air temperatures from June to August, made the system not beneficial for free cooling except at high supply air temperature.

The increased need for thermal comfort, the rising cost of energy consumption and environmental i... more The increased need for thermal comfort, the rising cost of energy consumption and environmental issues have made alternative and hybrid techniques and methods very attractive. Earth tubes, also called earth-air heat exchangers (EAHX) offer the possibility of reducing use of nonrenewable energy in ventilation and air conditioning systems and provide good indoor air quality for the conditioned environments. In this study, the performance of an EAHX was investigated in Şanlıurfa, Turkey which has hot and dry climatic conditions. Inlet and outlet air temperatures, air velocity of EAHX and soil temperature were measured simultaneously at one minute increments during summer season in 2014. The statistical and thermal analysis of measurements were carried out for EAHX system. The effectiveness of EAHX, the COP of the system and the heat rejected to soil were calculated. Although the data vary during the day and in the month, the maximum difference between inlet and outlet air temperature is determined as 16.6 o C and the mean is found 6.2 o C in EAHX system. The mean outlet air temperature fluctuate approximately in the range of 23.4 o C and 28.4 o C. It is found out that the average of maximum values of EAHX effectiveness is 0.80 and the mean of COP values lay out in the range from 0.9 to 8.9. According to the results of this experimental study, it is seen that the EAHX shows good thermal performance and has energy saving potential for applications of cooling and ventilation in hot and dry climatic conditions.

The increased need for thermal comfort, the rising cost of energy consumption and environmental i... more The increased need for thermal comfort, the rising cost of energy consumption and environmental issues have made alternative and hybrid techniques and methods very attractive. Earth tubes, also called earth-air heat exchangers (EAHX) offer the possibility of reducing use of nonrenewable energy in ventilation and air conditioning systems and provide good indoor air quality for the conditioned environments. In this study, the performance of an EAHX was investigated in Şanlıurfa, Turkey which has hot and dry climatic conditions. Inlet and outlet air temperatures, air velocity of EAHX and soil temperature were measured simultaneously at one minute increments during summer season in 2014. The statistical and thermal analysis of measurements were carried out for EAHX system. The effectiveness of EAHX, the COP of the system and the heat rejected to soil were calculated. Although the data vary during the day and in the month, the maximum difference between inlet and outlet air temperature is determined as 16.6 o C and the mean is found 6.2 o C in EAHX system. The mean outlet air temperature fluctuate approximately in the range of 23.4 o C and 28.4 o C. It is found out that the average of maximum values of EAHX effectiveness is 0.80 and the mean of COP values lay out in the range from 0.9 to 8.9. According to the results of this experimental study, it is seen that the EAHX shows good thermal performance and has energy saving potential for applications of cooling and ventilation in hot and dry climatic conditions.

Clinical Otolaryngology, 2015

The instruments used in endoscopic surgery include rigid endoscopes of different diameters and an... more The instruments used in endoscopic surgery include rigid endoscopes of different diameters and angles, sources of light, and monitors. In this study, we explored temperature rises in the round window caused by insertion of rigid endoscopes of different diameters into the middle ear; the endoscopes were fitted with different light sources. An experimental animal study. We subjected seven guinea pigs to simulated otological surgery at room temperature. We monitored body temperatures, along with temperature rises caused by the use of 0° rigid endoscopes of diameters 3 or 4 mm, fitted with light sources including a halogen light, a light-emitting diode (LED), and a xenon light. Data were collected every second from a sensor placed in the round window. Rigid endoscopes caused the temperature of the tympanum to rise when xenon and halogen light sources were used, regardless of endoscope diameter. However, the temperature rise was less when a LED light source was employed. The endoscopic instruments used in middle ear surgery caused the temperature of the round window to rise. The rise varied with endoscope diameter and the type of light source used. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 2015

Following the initial use of endoscopes in otology, the pros and cons of these instruments have b... more Following the initial use of endoscopes in otology, the pros and cons of these instruments have been questioned increasingly. These instruments cause an increase in temperature that needs to be investigated. In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the temperature increase caused by endoscopes and light sources in the perilymph by performing a stapedotomy in an animal model under anesthesia. The study was performed in a guinea pig model. In the animal model, a simulated otologic stapes surgery was performed at room temperature. The body temperatures of the guinea pigs were monitored; the temperature increase caused by the 0-degree rigid endoscopes with diameters of 3 and 4 mm as well as the light sources, including halogen, light-emitting diode (LED), and xenon lamps, were monitored following the stapedotomy to measure and document the continuous temperature increase in the perilymph using sensors placed at the oval window. Rigid endoscopes cause a temperature increase in the tympanum regardless of their diameter when used with xenon and halogen light sources. The LED light caused a relatively small temperature increase. The endoscopic instruments used in the stapes operation caused a temperature increase in the oval window. The authors concluded that this heat could easily be transmitted to the cochlea by the perilymph, which has obstructed contact with the outer environment following stapedomy, resulting in neurosensorial damage.

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015

ABSTRACT Scrap tires represent increasing environmental-pollution problems because they are not b... more ABSTRACT Scrap tires represent increasing environmental-pollution problems because they are not biodegradable and require a significantly long time for natural degradation, which is caused by the cross-linked structure of polymeric material and the presence of stabilizers and other additives. Potential use of scrap tires in construction is one of its important application areas and an alternative recovery method. In this study, a series of experiments was conducted to investigate the dissolution behaviors of new concrete-scrap tire mixture structures (brick) under different experimental conditions, such as scrap tire content, aging, and in acidic, basic and natural environments. The obtained results revealed different effects of adding scrap tires, aging and the existence of H+ and OH− on the dissolution of the brick structures. The added sulfuric acid dissolved calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminosilicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide of the brick via a naturalization reaction and released more soluble metal ions, particularly calcium, in the solution. Additionally, during acidic corrosion, the porosity significantly increased because calcium was removed from the structure; thus, the transport of other ions was enhanced in the corroded layer by diffusion. However, the addition of sodium hydroxide significantly decreased the solubility of calcium because the calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminosilicate hydrate and alkali-silica reaction products precipitated in the presence of calcium. The aging test showed that calcium was substantially dissolved from the brick structure in the first days and slightly slowed down in an acidic medium because the corrosion surface was gradually consumed, which caused the dissolution to occur in the lower part of the corroded region. The increase in scrap tire content increased the surface area and porosity, which resulted in more released calcium and silicon. The study affirmed that the use of granular scrap tires in concrete structures was feasible.

Renewable Energy, 2008

The use of vegetable oils as a fuel in diesel engines causes some problems due to their high visc... more The use of vegetable oils as a fuel in diesel engines causes some problems due to their high viscosity compared with conventional diesel fuel. Various techniques and methods are used to solve the problems resulting from high viscosity. One of these techniques is fuel blending. In this study, a blend of 50% sesame oil and 50% diesel fuel was used as an alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. Engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated and compared with the ordinary diesel fuel in a diesel engine. The experimental results show that the engine power and torque of the mixture of sesame oil-diesel fuel are close to the values obtained from diesel fuel and the amounts of exhaust emissions are lower than those of diesel fuel. Hence, it is seen that blend of sesame oil and diesel fuel can be used as an alternative fuel successfully in a diesel engine without any modification and also it is an environmental friendly fuel in terms of emission parameters. r

International Journal of Green Energy, 2009

Typical solar radiation data is very important for the calculations concerning many solar applica... more Typical solar radiation data is very important for the calculations concerning many solar applications. In this study, typical solar radiation years for six provinces located in the Mediterranean region of Turkey are generated from the daily global solar radiation data measured at least for 14 years, using the Finkelstein-Schafer statistical method. The typical daily global solar radiation data for the

International Journal of Energy Research, 2003

Typical solar radiation data are very important as input in modelling, designing and performance ... more Typical solar radiation data are very important as input in modelling, designing and performance evaluation of solar energy applications. In this study, typical solar radiation data were obtained for ' I Istanbul, Turkey both from measured data and synthetic generation. Firstly, a test reference year for daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface was generated using 19 years measured data. The daily global solar radiation as typical data for ' I Istanbul was presented throughout a year in a tabular form. Secondly, the daily global solar radiation for ' I Istanbul was expressed with a trigonometric equation using long-term measured data. It is expected that the typical data and the equation derived will be useful to the designers of solar energy systems as well as those who need to have fairly good estimates of daily global solar radiation for ' I Istanbul.

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2007

In this study, the effect of ceiling and floor surface temperatures and room dimensions on the Nu... more In this study, the effect of ceiling and floor surface temperatures and room dimensions on the Nusselt number over the floor of a floor heating system has been investigated numerically. The variation of the Nusselt number with Rayleigh number has been analyzed under constant wall temperature condition for different ceiling temperatures (10–25 °C) and room dimensions. It has been seen that

Energy Conversion and Management, 2008

Outdoor design conditions are important parameters for energy efficiency of buildings. The result... more Outdoor design conditions are important parameters for energy efficiency of buildings. The result of incorrect selection of outdoor design conditions can be dramatic in view of comfort and energy consumption. In this study, the influence of different outdoor design conditions on air conditioning systems is investigated. For this purpose, cooling loads and capacities of air conditioning equipments for a sample building located in Adana, Turkey are calculated using different outdoor design conditions recommended by ASHRAE, the current design data used in Turkey and the daily maximum dry and wet bulb temperatures of July 21st, which is generally accepted as the design day. The cooling coil capacities obtained from the different outdoor design conditions considered in this study are compared with each other. The cost analysis of air conditioning systems is also performed. It is seen that the selection of outdoor design conditions is a very critical step in calculation of the building cooling loads and design capacities of air conditioning equipments.

Energy and Buildings, 2011

Addition of scrap-tire pieces into cementitious composites improves their thermal insulation perf... more Addition of scrap-tire pieces into cementitious composites improves their thermal insulation performance. Development of such construction materials with lower thermal transmittance reusing these wastes is a challenging issue since it provides a combined solution for today's energy saving and environmental pollution concerns. In favor of this, recent European Union directives have brought quiet strict limits to reduce energy consumption and landfill disposal of solid wastes. A model room whose exteriors are fully made with scrap-tire added concrete is built here to increase its thermal protection. A standard/conventional room at identical dimensions but surrounded by ordinary concretes is also built to examine influence of scrap tire addition on room's thermal protection. Long-term thermal behaviors of these two rooms are investigated and compared under real atmospheric environments. Their indoor temperatures reveal that addition of scrap tire pieces lowers both indoor temperature variations and the effect of outdoor conditions. As an example, mean values of yearly thermal time lag are found to be 3.28 and 2.96 h, respectively for the rooms built with and without using scrap tire pieces, corresponding to nearly 11% improvement in thermal protection. Results in overall verify that scrap tire addition improves thermal protection of the room and it is a cost effective solution for people with low income and/or individuals living in rural areas.

Energy, 2002

Outdoor design conditions are weather data for design purposes showing the characteristic feature... more Outdoor design conditions are weather data for design purposes showing the characteristic features of the climate at a particular location. In this study, new outdoor design conditions for cooling were determined for 78 locations within Turkey according to the format recommended by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc. (ASHRAE). Dry-bulb temperature corresponding to 0.4, 1 and 2% annual cumulative frequency of occurrence and the mean coincident wet-bulb temperature, the mean and standard deviation of the annual maximum dry-bulb temperatures, and the mean daily ranges were obtained. In these calculations, the hourly data measured during at least 13 years were used. The current cooling design conditions used in the calculation of cooling load in Turkey were analysed based on their frequency levels. Comparison of the existing cooling design data with the data obtained in this study revealed that the current cooling design temperatures are generally stringent. 

Energy, 2003

In this study, new outdoor design conditions for space heating were determined for 78 locations w... more In this study, new outdoor design conditions for space heating were determined for 78 locations within Turkey according to the format recommended by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Inc. (ASHRAE). Dry-bulb temperature corresponding to 99%, 99.6% and 97.5% annual cumulative frequency of occurrence, the mean and standard deviation of the annual minimum drybulb temperatures were obtained. These calculations used hourly data measured during at least 13 years. The current heating design conditions used in the calculation of space heating load in Turkey were analyzed based on their frequency levels. Comparison of the existing space heating design data with the data obtained in this study revealed that the current space heating design temperatures are generally stringent and provide total protection. 

Bu çalışmada, panel yüzey sıcaklığı, panel eğim açısı ve elektriksel yüke ait direnç değerinin, P... more Bu çalışmada, panel yüzey sıcaklığı, panel eğim açısı ve elektriksel yüke ait direnç değerinin, PV panel güç çıktısı üzerindeki etkisi; teorik ve deneysel olarak incelenmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, PV sistemlerin tasarlanması esnasında, eğim açısı ve yük direnci için, optimum değerlere ulaşmanın mümkün olduğunu göstermektedir. Panel yüzeyindeki farklı noktalardaki sıcaklık dağılımı belirlenerek, ölçüm yapılan noktalar arasında, 7-8°C'ye ulaşan farklar olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2008

Sanliurfa limestone is becoming increasingly popular for both interior and exterior building appl... more Sanliurfa limestone is becoming increasingly popular for both interior and exterior building applications in the local area in south east Turkey, being easy to cut and shape and suitable for many purposes. Although these limestones are low cost construction materials, they are not widely used elsewhere due to the lack of data regarding their chemical, physico-thermal and mechanical properties and the requirement for highly skilled labour. A total of 264 samples of Sanliurfa limestone from four quarries were tested to determine their physico-thermal and mechanical properties. The data obtained confirmed they satisfy the main international standards for the use of limestone in the construction industry.

Applied Energy, 2001

The degree-day method is one of the well-known and the simplest methods used in the Heating, Vent... more The degree-day method is one of the well-known and the simplest methods used in the Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning industry to estimate heating and cooling energy requirements. In this study, the heating and cooling degree-days for Turkey are determined by using long-term recent measured data. Five different base temperatures ranging from 14 to 22 C are chosen in the calculation of heating degree-days. In the case of cooling degree-days, 6 different base temperatures in the range 18 to 28 C are used. Yearly heating and cooling degree-days are given both in tabular form and as counter maps for all the provinces of Turkey (78 weather stations). #

Applied Energy, 2001

One of the well-known and simple steady-state methods used to predict heating and cooling energy ... more One of the well-known and simple steady-state methods used to predict heating and cooling energy consumption of buildings is the bin method that requires reliable and detailed bin data. In this study, the bin data for Turkey are determined by using long-term measured data. The bin data for dry-bulb temperature from À36 C to 45 C with 3 C increments are calculated in six daily 4-h shifts for 78 provinces of Turkey. #

Applied Energy, 2004

... All rights reserved. Permissions & Reprints. Detailed weather data for the provinces cove... more ... All rights reserved. Permissions & Reprints. Detailed weather data for the provinces covered by the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) of Turkey. Orhan Büyükalaca Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , a and Hüsamettin Bulut b. ...

Applied Energy, 2007

Modelling, performance analysis, and designing of solar energy systems depend on solar radiation ... more Modelling, performance analysis, and designing of solar energy systems depend on solar radiation data. In this study, a simple model for estimating the daily global radiation is developed. The model is based on a trigonometric function, which has only one independent parameter, namely the day of the year. The model is tested for 68 locations in Turkey using the data measured during at least 10 years. It is seen that predictions from the model agree well with the long-term measured data. The predictions are also compared with the data available in literature for Turkey. It is expected that the model developed for daily global solar radiation will be useful to the designers of energy-related systems as well as to those who need to estimates of yearly variation of global solar-radiation for any specific location in Turkey.

Applied Energy, 2011

a b s t r a c t A significant portion of energy consumed in buildings is attributed to energy usa... more a b s t r a c t A significant portion of energy consumed in buildings is attributed to energy usage by heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Free cooling is a good opportunity for energy savings in air conditioning systems. With free cooling, commonly is known economizer cycle, the benefits of lower ambient temperatures are utilized for a significant proportion of the year in many climates. The detailed analysis of local weather data is required to assess the benefits of economizer. In this study, free cooling potential of _ Istanbul, Turkey was determined by using hourly dry-bulb temperatures measurements during a period of 16 years. It is found that the free cooling potential varies with supply air temperature and months. It is determined that although there are substantial energy savings during a significant portion of the year especially in transition months (April, May, September and October), the high outdoor air temperatures from June to August, made the system not beneficial for free cooling except at high supply air temperature.