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Mining play’s major role to development of nation, mining is defined as extraction of valuable mi... more Mining play’s major role to development of nation, mining is defined as extraction of valuable minerals (or) ore from the earth crust for benefit of mankind in safe and economic manner. India is a developing country it needs valuable minerals to improve economic wealth. In India most of the mining operations are run by open cast mines. In open cast mining work is mainly involves drilling and blasting operations. Mostly drilling and blasting operations are followed except in smooth rock, where bucket wheel excavator [BWE] used. The main problems a raise in drilling and blasting are high capital investment, time taking process and less powder factor. This loss depending on parameters like geological conditions of the mineral, nature of ground, strength and type of drill bit to be used in drilling. And drilling pattern, explosives used for blasting also involved. It concludes optimization of drilling and blasting necessary to improve the powder factor, production rate, improving fragme...
The migration of cancer or tumor cells from the primary site of origin to random locations of the... more The migration of cancer or tumor cells from the primary site of origin to random locations of the body via the blood or the lymphatic tissue to produce a secondary cancer growth. VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor. bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor. MMPs: matrix metalloproteinases. RI-QSAR: Receptor independent quantitative structural activity relationship study. RD-QSAR: Receptor dependent quantitative structural activity relationship study. Pharmacophore: Pharmacophore is defined as the three dimensional models of essential structural features of congeneric molecules that are necessary for biological activity. Descriptors: Descriptors are the independent variables in a QSAR study. They provide information of molecules that can be correlated to their biological affinity in a QSAR or QSPR (Quantitative structural property relationship) study. iv Force fields: Force fields are the energy functions of a microscopic system of particles (molecules). They indicate the total potential energy possessed by the specific system of atoms or molecules. Dataset: Data set is defined as the biological affinity data of a congeneric series used in developing a quantitative structure activity correlationship studies. Training set: Training set is defined as the set of compounds in a dataset used to develop a QSAR model. Test set (Predictive set): Test sets are the compounds used to externally validate the predictive property of a developed QSAR model. Dependent variables: These are the biological affinity or biological response produced by the compounds of the dataset. Independent variables: These are the molecular properties of the compounds. These are also called as descriptors in QSAR analysis. Biological affinity: It is the biological response produced by the compounds in the assay. Predicted values: These are the biological activity predictions of the QSAR model. Actual (Experimental) values: These are the experimentally reported biological affinity data used in developing the structure biological correlation analysis. v Residuals: Residuals are the difference between the experimental values and the predicted biological activity values in a QSAR model. Biological Affinity-ED 50 : The amount of compound (concentration) that can produce a response in 50 % of the population. LD 50 : The concentration of the compound that can produce a lethal effect in 50% of the population Ki: The concentration of the compound that inhibits the enzyme completely in an enzyme catalyzed reaction. ADME properties: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are the pharmacokinetic parameters of drug like compounds. CoMFA: Comparative molecular field analysis. COMSIA: Comparative molecular similarity index analysis.
Mining play’s major role to development of nation, mining is defined as extraction of valuable mi... more Mining play’s major role to development of nation, mining is defined as extraction of valuable minerals (or) ore from the earth crust for benefit of mankind in safe and economic manner. India is a developing country it needs valuable minerals to improve economic wealth. In India most of the mining operations are run by open cast mines. In open cast mining work is mainly involves drilling and blasting operations. Mostly drilling and blasting operations are followed except in smooth rock, where bucket wheel excavator [BWE] used. The main problems a raise in drilling and blasting are high capital investment, time taking process and less powder factor. This loss depending on parameters like geological conditions of the mineral, nature of ground, strength and type of drill bit to be used in drilling. And drilling pattern, explosives used for blasting also involved. It concludes optimization of drilling and blasting necessary to improve the powder factor, production rate, improving fragme...
The migration of cancer or tumor cells from the primary site of origin to random locations of the... more The migration of cancer or tumor cells from the primary site of origin to random locations of the body via the blood or the lymphatic tissue to produce a secondary cancer growth. VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor. bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor. MMPs: matrix metalloproteinases. RI-QSAR: Receptor independent quantitative structural activity relationship study. RD-QSAR: Receptor dependent quantitative structural activity relationship study. Pharmacophore: Pharmacophore is defined as the three dimensional models of essential structural features of congeneric molecules that are necessary for biological activity. Descriptors: Descriptors are the independent variables in a QSAR study. They provide information of molecules that can be correlated to their biological affinity in a QSAR or QSPR (Quantitative structural property relationship) study. iv Force fields: Force fields are the energy functions of a microscopic system of particles (molecules). They indicate the total potential energy possessed by the specific system of atoms or molecules. Dataset: Data set is defined as the biological affinity data of a congeneric series used in developing a quantitative structure activity correlationship studies. Training set: Training set is defined as the set of compounds in a dataset used to develop a QSAR model. Test set (Predictive set): Test sets are the compounds used to externally validate the predictive property of a developed QSAR model. Dependent variables: These are the biological affinity or biological response produced by the compounds of the dataset. Independent variables: These are the molecular properties of the compounds. These are also called as descriptors in QSAR analysis. Biological affinity: It is the biological response produced by the compounds in the assay. Predicted values: These are the biological activity predictions of the QSAR model. Actual (Experimental) values: These are the experimentally reported biological affinity data used in developing the structure biological correlation analysis. v Residuals: Residuals are the difference between the experimental values and the predicted biological activity values in a QSAR model. Biological Affinity-ED 50 : The amount of compound (concentration) that can produce a response in 50 % of the population. LD 50 : The concentration of the compound that can produce a lethal effect in 50% of the population Ki: The concentration of the compound that inhibits the enzyme completely in an enzyme catalyzed reaction. ADME properties: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are the pharmacokinetic parameters of drug like compounds. CoMFA: Comparative molecular field analysis. COMSIA: Comparative molecular similarity index analysis.