H. Bucholtz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by H. Bucholtz
Transactions of the ASAE, 1982
A field study was conducted to measure the effect of machinery sequences on the drying rate and m... more A field study was conducted to measure the effect of machinery sequences on the drying rate and material loss when harvesting alfalfa hay. Twenty-four combinations of four mowing, three late conditioning, and two raking treatments were evaluated under the relatively humid conditions of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. A cutterbar mower with a roll conditioner and a rotary mower with a flail conditioner provided faster drying than the rotary or cutterbar mowers alone. Late conditioning with a crimper was effective in speeding drying, but losses were greater. Tedding had little effect on drying and both raking treatments provided similar effects on drying.
Changes in the feeding of dairy cattle during the past 36 years
I was raised on a farm in western New York State, graduating from high school in 1961. I attended... more I was raised on a farm in western New York State, graduating from high school in 1961. I attended Morrisville State College in New York State, then the University of Georgia, graduating in 1965 with a BS in Dairy Science. I then worked in the feed industry for Agway before attending the University of Illinois for a MS in Dairy Science. I received my PhD from Michigan State University (MSU) in 1972. I joined the Department of Dairy Science at Michigan State University in August 1972 as an assistant professor and Extension specialist of dairy cattle nutrition. I retired in December 2008 (36 years). That equates to being involved professionally in the dairy industry for about 48 years so far. Gosh, that sure seems like a lot of years, but they have been enjoyable.
Feeding practices of high-producing herds in Michigan
The feeding, nutrition, and herd management practices used on 18 Michigan dairy herds with Michig... more The feeding, nutrition, and herd management practices used on 18 Michigan dairy herds with Michigan DHI (MI-DHI) rolling herd average (RHA) of greater than 28,989 lb of milk were used for an on-farm survey during May to July 2004, in an attempt to explain how those herds accomplished their high DHI milk production. Herd DHI milk production averaged 29,989 and ranged from 28,551 to 33,419 lb of milk. Total lactating cow DHI herd size averaged 587 cows and ranged from 83 to 2217 cows. When compared to all Michigan herds enrolled on MI-DHI for the July 2004 test date, the most notable difference was DHI reported milk production items. The DHI herd management reported items were similar or slightly different. Neither nutrient composition of diets for lactating, dry, and close-up dry cows, nor the use of supplements or additives was unusual. All herds emphasized daily attention to feeding, nutrition, and herd management as the factors they thought contributed to their herd's high milk production.
Journal of Dairy Science, 1969
Two trials were conducted in an effort to elucidate the factor(s) responsible for the depression ... more Two trials were conducted in an effort to elucidate the factor(s) responsible for the depression in fat test when cows are allowed to graze pearl millet pasture. Comparisons between Sudan grass and pearl millet with respect to chemical composition of the plant materials as well as aninml performance were made. The results revealed no significant difference in the cellwall constituents and lipid composition of the two plant materials; however, the oxalic acid content of the pearl millet plant material was significantly higher than that of Sudan grass. Cows grazing the pearl millet pasture produced milk significantly lower in fat content, and the fat contained a higher degree of unsaturation than when the cows grazed Sudan grass. The molar percentage of rumen butyrate was significantly decreased when the cows grazed pearl millet. No significant change occurred in the molar proportions of rumen acetate and propionate as a result of grazing pearl millet pasturage.
Nutrient requirements for dairy cattle of the National Research Council versus some commonly used ration software
Journal of dairy science, 1998
The first edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle was published by the National Rese... more The first edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle was published by the National Research Council (NRC) in 1945. The current document is the sixth revised edition, published in 1989, and it appears that we are a few years from another edition being in print. Software designed to evaluate and formulate rations for dairy cattle commonly determine nutrient requirements using the NRC as a standard. However, the generation of new knowledge in dairy nutrition occurs more rapidly than the release of the NRC publication, and the developers of the software often modify the requirements based on more recently published research, geographical peculiarities, or factors not explicitly considered by NRC. The first step in evaluating or formulating rations is the prediction of dry matter intake (DMI). The primary variables used by NRC to predict DMI are body weight (BW) and fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield; however, developers of software programs often use different equations based on p...
Ammonia versus urea-treated silages with varying urea in concentrate
Journal of dairy science, 1980
In four factorial experiments, 96 lactating Holstein cows averaging 100 days postpartum were fed ... more In four factorial experiments, 96 lactating Holstein cows averaging 100 days postpartum were fed corn silage (21 to 31% dry matter) ad libitum treated with aqueous ammonia (.3 to .4%) or urea (.5 to .7%). Concentrates fed at 1 kg/3 kg milk contained 0, .7, or 1.4% urea in Experiment 1 and 0 or 1.4% in Experiments 2, 3, and 4. Following 14-day pretreatment, experimental rations were fed for 65 days in Experiment 1 and 84 days in Experiments 2, 3, and 4. Urea in grain and urea in silage depressed intakes of silage and total dry matter. Milk persistences were lowered only by the diet containing urea in both grain and silage. Bodyweight changes, percent milk fat, and feed efficiencies were not altered significantly by treatments.
Journal of Dairy Science, 2000
Our objective was to determine the effects of varying dietary cation-anion differences (DCAD: meq... more Our objective was to determine the effects of varying dietary cation-anion differences (DCAD: meq[(Na + K) − (Cl + S)]/100 g of dry matter) in prepartum diets on Ca, energy, and endocrine status prepartum and postpartum. Holstein cows (n = 21) and heifers (n = 34) were fed diets with varying amounts of CaCl 2 , CaSO 4 , and MgSO 4 to achieve a DCAD of +15 (control), 0, or −15 meq/100 g of dry matter for the last 24 d before expected calving. Dietary Ca concentration was increased (by CaCO 3 supplementation) with decreasing DCAD. Plasma ionized Ca concentrations prepartum and at calving in both cows and heifers increased with reduced DCAD in the diet. At calving, plasma ionized Ca concentration was 3.67, 3.85, and 4.35 for cows and 4.44, 4.57, and 4.62 mg/dl for heifers fed diets containing +15, 0, and −15 DCAD, respectively. All heifers had normal concentrations of plasma ionized Ca (>4 mg/dl) at calving. Also at calving, plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone and calcitriol were less in cows and heifers fed diets containing reduced DCAD, but the plasma concentration of hydroxyproline was not affected by diet. Prepartum dry matter intake, energy balance, and body weight gains were lower and concentration of liver triglyceride was higher for heifers but not cows fed the −15 DCAD diet. Also, nonesterified fatty acids the last week prepartum were positively correlated with liver triglyceride for heifers but not cows. Feeding of anionic salts plus CaCO 3 to reduce DCAD to −15 and increase Ca in prepartum diets prevents hypocalcemia at calving in cows, but decreases prepartum dry matter intake and increases the concentration of liver triglyceride in heifers. That heifers maintained calcium homeostasis at 2095 calving regardless of diet but ate less when fed the −15 DCAD diet suggests that they should not be fed anionic salts before calving. (Key words: prepartum diet, anionic salts, energy balance, hypocalcemia)
Journal of dairy science, 1971
Rumen propionate production in cows fed either a control diet or a high-grain, low-fiber diet was... more Rumen propionate production in cows fed either a control diet or a high-grain, low-fiber diet was measured by isotope dilution ~echnique. The high-grain, low-fiber diet resulted in the characteristic decrease in milk fat per cent (50% reduction) and a decreased molar ratio of acetate :propiohate. Propionate production on the two diets was 13.3 and 31.0 moles/day for the control and high-grain, low-fiber diets. These results coupled with our previous studies (3) indicate the change in the molar ratio of rumen volatile fatty acids for cows fed a high-grain, low-fiber diet is the result of an increase in propionate production rather than a decrease in acetate production.
Journal of dairy science, 1998
The objective of this study was to determine prepartum risk factors for displaced abomasum. The d... more The objective of this study was to determine prepartum risk factors for displaced abomasum. The design was a prospective study of 1170 multiparous Holstein cows from 67 high producing dairy herds in Michigan. Each farm was visited four times within a 6-wk period. At each visit, data on nutrition and management were collected. All multiparous cows within 35 d of projected calving were assigned a body condition score, and blood was sampled to determine the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids in plasma. A multivariable linear regression model was used to determine risk factors associated with the incidence of displaced abomasum during lactation on a herd basis. A multivariable logistic regression model with random effect was used to determine risk factors for displaced abomasum on an individual cow basis. Significant risk factors for displaced abomasum included a negative energy balance prepartum (as estimated from plasma nonesterified fatty acids), a high body condition score, ...
Users manual for Spartan dairy ration evaluator/balancer
… Service, Michigan State …, 1992
Spartan dairy ration evaluator/balancer
Michigan State Univ., East …, 1992
Applied microbiology, 1973
Phosphate uptake into intracellular inorganic phosphorus and cellular phospholipids and the relat... more Phosphate uptake into intracellular inorganic phosphorus and cellular phospholipids and the relationship between cell growth and phospholipid synthesis were studied with suspensions of washed ruminal bacteria in vitro with (33)P-phosphorus. It was shown that ruminal bacteria accumulated inorganic phosphate at a low rate when incubated without substrate. Upon the addition of substrate, the rate of inorganic phosphorus uptake into the cells increased markedly, and phospholipid synthesis and cell growth commenced. There was a highly significant relationship (r = 0.98; P < 0.01) between phospholipid synthesis and cell growth. The specific activity of the intracellular inorganic phosphorus did not equilibrate with phosphorus medium. When ruminal contents from sheep fed a high or low protein diet were incubated in vitro, the rate of (33)P incorporation into microbial phospholipids was higher for the high protein diet. Since there was a high relationship between phospholipid synthesis a...
Transactions of the ASAE, 1982
A field study was conducted to measure the effect of machinery sequences on the drying rate and m... more A field study was conducted to measure the effect of machinery sequences on the drying rate and material loss when harvesting alfalfa hay. Twenty-four combinations of four mowing, three late conditioning, and two raking treatments were evaluated under the relatively humid conditions of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.
Transactions of the ASAE, 1982
A field study was conducted to measure the effect of machinery sequences on the drying rate and m... more A field study was conducted to measure the effect of machinery sequences on the drying rate and material loss when harvesting alfalfa hay. Twenty-four combinations of four mowing, three late conditioning, and two raking treatments were evaluated under the relatively humid conditions of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. A cutterbar mower with a roll conditioner and a rotary mower with a flail conditioner provided faster drying than the rotary or cutterbar mowers alone. Late conditioning with a crimper was effective in speeding drying, but losses were greater. Tedding had little effect on drying and both raking treatments provided similar effects on drying.
Changes in the feeding of dairy cattle during the past 36 years
I was raised on a farm in western New York State, graduating from high school in 1961. I attended... more I was raised on a farm in western New York State, graduating from high school in 1961. I attended Morrisville State College in New York State, then the University of Georgia, graduating in 1965 with a BS in Dairy Science. I then worked in the feed industry for Agway before attending the University of Illinois for a MS in Dairy Science. I received my PhD from Michigan State University (MSU) in 1972. I joined the Department of Dairy Science at Michigan State University in August 1972 as an assistant professor and Extension specialist of dairy cattle nutrition. I retired in December 2008 (36 years). That equates to being involved professionally in the dairy industry for about 48 years so far. Gosh, that sure seems like a lot of years, but they have been enjoyable.
Feeding practices of high-producing herds in Michigan
The feeding, nutrition, and herd management practices used on 18 Michigan dairy herds with Michig... more The feeding, nutrition, and herd management practices used on 18 Michigan dairy herds with Michigan DHI (MI-DHI) rolling herd average (RHA) of greater than 28,989 lb of milk were used for an on-farm survey during May to July 2004, in an attempt to explain how those herds accomplished their high DHI milk production. Herd DHI milk production averaged 29,989 and ranged from 28,551 to 33,419 lb of milk. Total lactating cow DHI herd size averaged 587 cows and ranged from 83 to 2217 cows. When compared to all Michigan herds enrolled on MI-DHI for the July 2004 test date, the most notable difference was DHI reported milk production items. The DHI herd management reported items were similar or slightly different. Neither nutrient composition of diets for lactating, dry, and close-up dry cows, nor the use of supplements or additives was unusual. All herds emphasized daily attention to feeding, nutrition, and herd management as the factors they thought contributed to their herd's high milk production.
Journal of Dairy Science, 1969
Two trials were conducted in an effort to elucidate the factor(s) responsible for the depression ... more Two trials were conducted in an effort to elucidate the factor(s) responsible for the depression in fat test when cows are allowed to graze pearl millet pasture. Comparisons between Sudan grass and pearl millet with respect to chemical composition of the plant materials as well as aninml performance were made. The results revealed no significant difference in the cellwall constituents and lipid composition of the two plant materials; however, the oxalic acid content of the pearl millet plant material was significantly higher than that of Sudan grass. Cows grazing the pearl millet pasture produced milk significantly lower in fat content, and the fat contained a higher degree of unsaturation than when the cows grazed Sudan grass. The molar percentage of rumen butyrate was significantly decreased when the cows grazed pearl millet. No significant change occurred in the molar proportions of rumen acetate and propionate as a result of grazing pearl millet pasturage.
Nutrient requirements for dairy cattle of the National Research Council versus some commonly used ration software
Journal of dairy science, 1998
The first edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle was published by the National Rese... more The first edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle was published by the National Research Council (NRC) in 1945. The current document is the sixth revised edition, published in 1989, and it appears that we are a few years from another edition being in print. Software designed to evaluate and formulate rations for dairy cattle commonly determine nutrient requirements using the NRC as a standard. However, the generation of new knowledge in dairy nutrition occurs more rapidly than the release of the NRC publication, and the developers of the software often modify the requirements based on more recently published research, geographical peculiarities, or factors not explicitly considered by NRC. The first step in evaluating or formulating rations is the prediction of dry matter intake (DMI). The primary variables used by NRC to predict DMI are body weight (BW) and fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield; however, developers of software programs often use different equations based on p...
Ammonia versus urea-treated silages with varying urea in concentrate
Journal of dairy science, 1980
In four factorial experiments, 96 lactating Holstein cows averaging 100 days postpartum were fed ... more In four factorial experiments, 96 lactating Holstein cows averaging 100 days postpartum were fed corn silage (21 to 31% dry matter) ad libitum treated with aqueous ammonia (.3 to .4%) or urea (.5 to .7%). Concentrates fed at 1 kg/3 kg milk contained 0, .7, or 1.4% urea in Experiment 1 and 0 or 1.4% in Experiments 2, 3, and 4. Following 14-day pretreatment, experimental rations were fed for 65 days in Experiment 1 and 84 days in Experiments 2, 3, and 4. Urea in grain and urea in silage depressed intakes of silage and total dry matter. Milk persistences were lowered only by the diet containing urea in both grain and silage. Bodyweight changes, percent milk fat, and feed efficiencies were not altered significantly by treatments.
Journal of Dairy Science, 2000
Our objective was to determine the effects of varying dietary cation-anion differences (DCAD: meq... more Our objective was to determine the effects of varying dietary cation-anion differences (DCAD: meq[(Na + K) − (Cl + S)]/100 g of dry matter) in prepartum diets on Ca, energy, and endocrine status prepartum and postpartum. Holstein cows (n = 21) and heifers (n = 34) were fed diets with varying amounts of CaCl 2 , CaSO 4 , and MgSO 4 to achieve a DCAD of +15 (control), 0, or −15 meq/100 g of dry matter for the last 24 d before expected calving. Dietary Ca concentration was increased (by CaCO 3 supplementation) with decreasing DCAD. Plasma ionized Ca concentrations prepartum and at calving in both cows and heifers increased with reduced DCAD in the diet. At calving, plasma ionized Ca concentration was 3.67, 3.85, and 4.35 for cows and 4.44, 4.57, and 4.62 mg/dl for heifers fed diets containing +15, 0, and −15 DCAD, respectively. All heifers had normal concentrations of plasma ionized Ca (>4 mg/dl) at calving. Also at calving, plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone and calcitriol were less in cows and heifers fed diets containing reduced DCAD, but the plasma concentration of hydroxyproline was not affected by diet. Prepartum dry matter intake, energy balance, and body weight gains were lower and concentration of liver triglyceride was higher for heifers but not cows fed the −15 DCAD diet. Also, nonesterified fatty acids the last week prepartum were positively correlated with liver triglyceride for heifers but not cows. Feeding of anionic salts plus CaCO 3 to reduce DCAD to −15 and increase Ca in prepartum diets prevents hypocalcemia at calving in cows, but decreases prepartum dry matter intake and increases the concentration of liver triglyceride in heifers. That heifers maintained calcium homeostasis at 2095 calving regardless of diet but ate less when fed the −15 DCAD diet suggests that they should not be fed anionic salts before calving. (Key words: prepartum diet, anionic salts, energy balance, hypocalcemia)
Journal of dairy science, 1971
Rumen propionate production in cows fed either a control diet or a high-grain, low-fiber diet was... more Rumen propionate production in cows fed either a control diet or a high-grain, low-fiber diet was measured by isotope dilution ~echnique. The high-grain, low-fiber diet resulted in the characteristic decrease in milk fat per cent (50% reduction) and a decreased molar ratio of acetate :propiohate. Propionate production on the two diets was 13.3 and 31.0 moles/day for the control and high-grain, low-fiber diets. These results coupled with our previous studies (3) indicate the change in the molar ratio of rumen volatile fatty acids for cows fed a high-grain, low-fiber diet is the result of an increase in propionate production rather than a decrease in acetate production.
Journal of dairy science, 1998
The objective of this study was to determine prepartum risk factors for displaced abomasum. The d... more The objective of this study was to determine prepartum risk factors for displaced abomasum. The design was a prospective study of 1170 multiparous Holstein cows from 67 high producing dairy herds in Michigan. Each farm was visited four times within a 6-wk period. At each visit, data on nutrition and management were collected. All multiparous cows within 35 d of projected calving were assigned a body condition score, and blood was sampled to determine the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids in plasma. A multivariable linear regression model was used to determine risk factors associated with the incidence of displaced abomasum during lactation on a herd basis. A multivariable logistic regression model with random effect was used to determine risk factors for displaced abomasum on an individual cow basis. Significant risk factors for displaced abomasum included a negative energy balance prepartum (as estimated from plasma nonesterified fatty acids), a high body condition score, ...
Users manual for Spartan dairy ration evaluator/balancer
… Service, Michigan State …, 1992
Spartan dairy ration evaluator/balancer
Michigan State Univ., East …, 1992
Applied microbiology, 1973
Phosphate uptake into intracellular inorganic phosphorus and cellular phospholipids and the relat... more Phosphate uptake into intracellular inorganic phosphorus and cellular phospholipids and the relationship between cell growth and phospholipid synthesis were studied with suspensions of washed ruminal bacteria in vitro with (33)P-phosphorus. It was shown that ruminal bacteria accumulated inorganic phosphate at a low rate when incubated without substrate. Upon the addition of substrate, the rate of inorganic phosphorus uptake into the cells increased markedly, and phospholipid synthesis and cell growth commenced. There was a highly significant relationship (r = 0.98; P < 0.01) between phospholipid synthesis and cell growth. The specific activity of the intracellular inorganic phosphorus did not equilibrate with phosphorus medium. When ruminal contents from sheep fed a high or low protein diet were incubated in vitro, the rate of (33)P incorporation into microbial phospholipids was higher for the high protein diet. Since there was a high relationship between phospholipid synthesis a...
Transactions of the ASAE, 1982
A field study was conducted to measure the effect of machinery sequences on the drying rate and m... more A field study was conducted to measure the effect of machinery sequences on the drying rate and material loss when harvesting alfalfa hay. Twenty-four combinations of four mowing, three late conditioning, and two raking treatments were evaluated under the relatively humid conditions of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.