Hidehiko Okazawa - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Hidehiko Okazawa
ACS Omega, 2021
Nanoparticles are attracting attention as drug carriers for realizing "theranostics". However, na... more Nanoparticles are attracting attention as drug carriers for realizing "theranostics". However, nanoparticles generally show long blood circulation behaviors, and the remaining nanoparticle probe in the blood is the cause of prolonged optimal time from probe injection to imaging. Recently, it has been reported that some nanoparticles activate the immune system, producing an antinanoparticle antibody, which can selectively detect the corresponding nanoparticle and transfer it to the liver by opsonization. Lactosome is a polymer micelle prepared from amphiphilic PNMG-block-PLLA polydepsipeptide and known to activate the immune system when administered to mice at a specific concentration. In this study, radioactive fluorine-labeled lactosome (18 F-lactosome) is used as a positron emission tomography probe for tumor imaging, and anti-lactosome antibody was additionally administrated after 2 h from the probe dosage. 18 F-lactosome remaining in the blood was opsonized by the anti-lactosome antibody and transferred to the liver under the antibody dose-dependent manner. Because of the probe reduction from the blood, the tumor/blood signal intensity ratio could be improved up to 50% by anti-lactosome antibody administration. There needs further improvement, but the developed method is applicable for imaging utilizing nanoparticle probes, which activate the immune system.
Diagnostics, 2021
Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of PET/MRI with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in... more Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of PET/MRI with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in cervical cancer based on the revised 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two patients with biopsy-proven primary cervical cancer underwent pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/MRI, CT, and pelvic MRI. The diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/MRI and MRI for assessing extent of the primary tumor and 18F-FDG PET/MRI and CT for assessing nodal and distant metastases was evaluated by two experienced readers. Histopathological and follow-up imaging results were used as the gold standard. McNemar test was employed for statistical analysis. Results: Accuracy for the invasion of vagina, parametrium, side wall, and adjacent organs was 97.2%, 93.1%, 97.2%, and 100% for 18F-FDG PET/MRI; and 97.2%, 91.7%, 97.2%, and 100% for pelvic MRI, respectively (p > 0.05). Patient-based accuracy for metastasis to pelvic and paraaortic lymph n...
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 2020
BackgroundThe early response to treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors is difficult to evalu... more BackgroundThe early response to treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors is difficult to evaluate. We determined whether changes in integrated [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/MRI (18F-FDG PET/MRI) parameters after the first 2 weeks of antiprogrammed death-1 antibody nivolumab therapy could predict the response of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsTwenty-five patients with previously treated NSCLC were enrolled prospectively and underwent18F-FDG PET/MRI before and at 2 weeks after nivolumab therapy. Changes in maximal standardized uptake value, total lesion glycolysis (ΔTLG) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ΔADC) between the two scans were calculated and evaluated for their associations with the clinical response to therapy.ResultsThe disease control rate was 64%. Patients with non-progressive disease (non-PD) had significantly decreased TLG, increased ADCmean(ie, negative ΔADCmean) and lower ΔTLG+ΔADCmeanthan patients with PD. ...
Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica, 1996
Kaku igaku. The Japanese journal of nuclear medicine, 2017
This survey was performed to investigate the incidence of adverse reactions to radiopharmaceutica... more This survey was performed to investigate the incidence of adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals in FY2015 in Japan. It was based on the responses to questionnaires sent to nuclear medicine institutions. The reply was obtained from 981 institutions among 1,274 to which the questionnaire had been sent. Fifteen cases of adverse reactions were reported. A total of 1,056,828 radiopharmaceutical administrations were reported. The incidence of adverse reactions per 100,000 cases was 1.4. No case of deficient products was reported.
![Research paper thumbnail of Prognostic value of dual-time-point [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116364913/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, Jan 10, 2015
The aim of this prospective study was to clarify whether dual-time-point [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy... more The aim of this prospective study was to clarify whether dual-time-point [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG PET) imaging results are useful to predict long-term survival of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. Fifty IPF patients underwent (18)F-FDG PET examinations at 2 time points; 60 minutes (early imaging) and 180 minutes (delayed imaging) after (18)F-FDG injection. The standardized uptake value (SUV) at each point and retention index value (RI-SUV) calculated from those were evaluated, then the results were compared with overall and progression-free survival. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed higher RI-SUV and higher extent of fibrosis score as independent predictors of shorter progression-free survival. The median progression-free survival for patients with negative RI-SUV was better than that for those with positive RI-SUV (27.9 vs. 13.3 months, P = 0.0002). On the other hand, multivariate Cox analysis showed h...
Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology, 2010
Although post-injection transmission scan (POST-TS) after 2-[ 18 F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18 F... more Although post-injection transmission scan (POST-TS) after 2-[ 18 F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18 F-FDG) injection[A1] is useful for short examination times, the emission count of 18 F-FDG[A2] in the regional brain area was not completely subtracted with use of the POST-TS method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of POST-TS and attenuation correction (AC) methods on the normal database (NDB). A 10 min pre-injection transmission scan (PRE-TS) was performed before 18 F-FDG[A3] was injected in eighteen normal volunteers. A 10 min POST-TS was then conducted beginning 40 min after 18 F-FDG[A4] injection, followed by a 10 min 2-dimentional emission scanning. To reconstruct each image of normal volunteers, the reconstruction was performed using the filtered back-projection (FBP) method and the ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) method, with transmission-based measured attenuation correction (MAC) and the segmented attenuation correction (SAC) technique. Subtraction images of NDB with PRE-TS or POST-TS were evaluated using 3D-SSP. A phantom study was also performed in addition to a human study, and assessment was by region of interests and profile curves. NDB images with POST-TS were significantly lower in the bilateral frontal lobes and higher in the parietal lobes and occipital lobes, including the precuneus, than those with PRE-TS, regardless of the different AC and reconstruction algorithms. Therefore, we have to be careful to confirm not only emission scan methods and reconstruction algorithms, but also TS methods and AC methods in the NDB. It will be best to perform PET examinations using the same TS methods and AC methods between NDB and patients.
Journal of ovarian research, 2009
The most frequently used molecular imaging technique is currently 18F-deoxy-glucose (FDG) positro... more The most frequently used molecular imaging technique is currently 18F-deoxy-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). FDG-PET holds promise in the evaluation of recurrent or residual ovarian cancer when CA125 levels are rising and conventional imaging, such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI, is inconclusive or negative. Recently, integrated PET/CT, in which a full-ring-detector clinical PET scanner and a multidetector helical CT scanner are combined, has enabled the acquisition of both metabolic and anatomic imaging data using one device in a single diagnostic session. This can also provide precise anatomic localization of suspicious areas of increased FDG uptake and rule out false-positive PET findings. FDG-PET/CT is an accurate modality for assessing primary and recurrent ovarian cancer and may affect management. FDG-PET/CT may provide benefits for detection of recurrent of ovarian cancer and improve surgical planning. And FDG-PET has been shown to predict response to neoadjuvant ...
Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2006
To avoid arterial blood sampling and complicated analyses in 15O-gas PET studies, we evaluated a ... more To avoid arterial blood sampling and complicated analyses in 15O-gas PET studies, we evaluated a noninvasive technique using the count-based method for measuring asymmetric increases in oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in cerebrovascular disease. Eighteen patients (mean age +/- SD, 61 +/- 16 y) with atherothrombotic large-cerebral-artery disease were studied for the measurement of hemodynamic parameters using the 15O-gas steady-state method with inhalation of 15O2, C15O2, and C15O. All patients also underwent H2(15)O PET with the bolus injection method. Count-based ratio images of 15O2/C15O2 and (15)O2/H2(15)O were calculated, and asymmetry indices (AIs) were obtained (cbOEF(SS)-AI and cbOEF(BO)-AI, respectively) using regions of interest drawn bilaterally on the cerebral cortices. These AIs were compared with the AIs of absolute OEF (qOEF-AI) and with those after cerebral blood volume (CBV) correction. A contribution factor for this correction was defined as a variable alpha, and t...
Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 1994
Copper-62-pyruvaldehyde bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) copper II (62Cu-PTSM) has been proposed a... more Copper-62-pyruvaldehyde bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) copper II (62Cu-PTSM) has been proposed as a generator-produced positron-emitting tracer for perfusion imaging. To evaluate the characteristics of 62Cu-PTSM as a cerebral perfusion tracer, brain PET images of 62Cu-PTSM were compared with cerebral blood flow (CBF). Following an intravenous injection of 62Cu-PTSM, a serial dynamic PET scan was performed for 10 min with arterial sampling in 10 subjects. CBF was measured by 15O-labeled water before the 62Cu-PTSM study. Dynamic PET scan with octanol-extracted arterial input function indicated the presence of significant back-diffusion of 62Cu-PTSM from the brain within 3 min after injection, followed by stable activity from 3 to 10 min. Comparison with 15O-water PET demonstrated less contrast between high- and low-flow regions in 62Cu-PTSM image and a nonlinear relationship of flow and 62Cu-PTSM uptake, which suggests the underestimation of CBF in high-flow regions due to the existe...
![Research paper thumbnail of Development of microwave-based automated nucleophilic [18F]fluorination system and its application to the production of [18F]flumazenil](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116364911/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 2009
Introduction: This study presents the development of an automated radiosynthesis system integrati... more Introduction: This study presents the development of an automated radiosynthesis system integrating a microwave reactor and its subsequent application in the synthesis of [ 18 F]flumazenil, a potentially useful compound in the evaluation of central benzodiazepine receptor density. Methods: Preparation of dry [K/K 222 ] +18 F − complex and radiofluorination of the nitro-flumazenil precursor were achieved using the developed microwave-based radiosynthesis system. The crude product was prepurified in a C18 cartridge followed by reversed-phase preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The isolated [ 18 F]flumazenil was evaporated in vacuo and reconstituted in an ethanolfree solution. Results: Optimum incorporation of 18 F − in the nitro-precursor was achieved in 5 min time utilizing 2 mg of precursor in N,Ndimethylformamide reacted at 160°C which gave an incorporation yield of 40±5%. The radiochemical yield obtained at the end of synthesis was 26±4% (EOB) with a radiochemical purity of N99% and a total synthesis time of about 55-60 min. The produced [ 18 F]flumazenil was observed to be stable for at least 8 h. Conclusion: The developed [ 18 F]flumazenil radiosynthesis system offers shorter reaction time, simplicity in operation and applicability for use in routine clinical practice.
Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 2007
The goal of this study was to measure estrogen receptor (ER) concentration in the endometrium and... more The goal of this study was to measure estrogen receptor (ER) concentration in the endometrium and myometrium using 16α-[ 18 F]fluoro-17β-estradiol (FES) PET and to investigate the relationship between changes in these parameters with the menstrual cycle and endogenous estrogen levels. Methods: Sixteen female healthy volunteers were included in this study. After blood sampling to measure endogenous estrogen level, FES-PET image was acquired 60 min postinjection of FES. After whole-body imaging of FES-PET, averaged standardized uptake value (SUV) in the endometrium and myometrium were measured, and the relationship between FES uptake and menstrual cycle or endogenous estrogen level was evaluated. Results: Endometrial SUV was significantly higher in the proliferative phase than in the secretory phase (6.03 ±1.05 vs. 3.97 ± 1.29, p = 0.022). In contrast, there was no significant difference in myometrial SUV when comparing the proliferative and secretory phases (p = 0.23). Further, there was no correlation between SUV and endogenous estrogen level in the proliferative phase. Conclusions: The change of ER concentration relative to menstrual cycle as characterized by FES-PET was consistent with those from previous report using immunohistochemical technique. These data suggest FES-PET is a feasible noninvasive method of characterizing changes in ER concentration.
Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2008
18 F-FDG PET is increasingly used for lung cancer; however, some insufficient results have been r... more 18 F-FDG PET is increasingly used for lung cancer; however, some insufficient results have been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dual-time-point 18 F-FDG PET for staging lung cancer and for differentiating metastatic from nonmetastatic lung cancer lesions. Methods: One hundred fifty-five lung cancer patients with known or suspected mediastinal and hilar lymph node involvement or distant metastases underwent whole-body 18 F-FDG PET at 2 time points: scan 1 at 60 min (early imaging) and scan 2 at 180 min (delayed imaging) after 18 F-FDG injection. 18 F-FDG PET findings of nodal and distant metastases were evaluated using conventional imaging, clinical follow-up findings, and the results of autopsy or biopsy. Results: A total of 580 lesions (155 primary lesions, 315 metastatic lesions, and 110 nonmetastatic lesions) were used for analysis. A closer correlation between the primary lesions and metastases was observed for the retention index (RI) standardized uptake value (SUV) than for early and delayed SUV. There was no relationship between the RI SUV results of primary lesions and those of nonmetastatic lesions. The RI SUV of metastatic lesions was approximately 0.5-2 times the RI SUV of primary tumors. We found that the accuracy of 18 F-FDG PET was improved when RI SUV was used for detecting lymph node and distant metastases, because of the significant improvement in specificity relative to early and delayed SUV. Conclusion: RI SUV raised the accuracy for diagnosis of metastases and was superior to early and delayed imaging in terms of differentiating malignancy from nonmetastatic uptake.
Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2009
The grade of histologic differentiation is one of the most important prognostic factors in patien... more The grade of histologic differentiation is one of the most important prognostic factors in patients with endometrial carcinoma and postoperative staging. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 16a-18 F-fluoro-17b-estradiol (18 F-FES) and 18 F-FDG PET reflect clinicopathologic features in patients with endometrial tumors. Methods: A total of 22 patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma and 9 with endometrial hyperplasia (mean age, 56.0 6 15.3 y) underwent 18 F-FES PET for estrogen receptor imaging and 18 F-FDG PET. Regional values of tracer uptake were evaluated using standardized uptake value (SUV) and the SUV ratio of 18 F-FDG to 18 F-FES. The accuracy for predicting tumor aggressiveness defined as high-risk carcinoma (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] stage $ Ic or histologic grade $ 2), low-risk carcinoma (FIGO stage # Ib and grade 1), and hyperplasia was compared for each PET parameter using receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis. The diagnostic accuracy of MRI findings for clinical staging was also compared. Results: Although the SUV for 18 F-FDG was significantly lower in endometrial hyperplasia than in carcinoma, a significant difference between high-risk and low-risk carcinoma was observed only in SUV for 18 F-FES. High-risk carcinoma showed a significantly greater 18 F-FDG-to-18 F-FES ratio (3.6 6 2.1) than did low-risk carcinoma (1.3 6 0.5, P , 0.01) and hyperplasia (0.3 6 0.1, P , 0.005). Low-risk carcinoma showed a significantly higher 18 F-FDG-to-18 F-FES ratio than hyperplasia (P , 0.0001). In ROC analysis, the most accurate diagnostic PET parameter for predicting high-risk and low-risk carcinoma was the 18 F-FDG-to-18 F-FES ratio. The optimal 18 F-FDG/ 18 F-FES cutoff value of 2.0, determined by ROC analysis, revealed 73% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 86% accuracy, which was better than the 77% accuracy for MRI. The 18 F-FDGto-18 F-FES ratio of 0.5 yielded a correct diagnosis for carcinoma from hyperplasia with 100% accuracy. Conclusion: Endometrial carcinoma reduces estrogen dependency with accelerated glucose metabolism as it progresses to a higher stage or grade. 18 F-FES and 18 F-FDG PET studies provide a new index of the 18 F-FDG-to-18 F-FES ratio, which is considered the most informative index reflecting tumor aggressiveness. This index will be useful for making noninvasive diagnoses and deciding the appropriate therapeutic strategy for patients with endometrial carcinoma.
Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2008
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of short-t inversion-recovery (STIR) MRI an... more The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of short-t inversion-recovery (STIR) MRI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of metastasis in mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes in patients with lung cancer. Methods: Ninety-three patients with known or suspected lung cancer with mediastinal and hilar lymph node swelling underwent STIR MRI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT examinations. STIR MRI scans were obtained with a 2% copper sulfate phantom placed along the back of each patient, with the lymph node-to-phantom ratio calculated for quantitative analysis. For qualitative analysis, the results of all STIR MRI scans were evaluated using a 5-point visual scoring system. To evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of STIR MRI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT, we used receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis to determine the optimal thresholds for the lymph node-to-phantom ratio, visual score, and maximal standardized uptake value. Further, the capability of each to determine N-stage was compared in each patient using the McNemar test. Results: A total of 137 lymph nodes (82 malignant lesions, 55 benign lesions) were analyzed. When optimal threshold values were adopted, the quantitative and qualitative sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of STIR MRI were not significantly different from those of 18 F-FDG PET/CT. However, 18 F-FDG PET/CT in combination with qualitative STIR MRI analysis had a significantly higher capability to detect nodal involvement on an individual-patient basis (96.9% specificity, 90.3% accuracy) than did 18 F-FDG PET/CT alone (65.6% specificity, 81.7% accuracy). Conclusion: We found that the diagnostic capability of STIR MRI was not significantly different from that of 18 F-FDG PET/CT. However, when those methods were combined, the diagnostic capability for N-staging was significantly improved.
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 2009
Purpose Individual clinical courses of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) are variable and d... more Purpose Individual clinical courses of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) are variable and difficult to predict because the pathology and disease activity are contingent, and chest computed tomography (CT) provides little information about disease activity. In this study, we applied dual-time-point [ 18 F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), commonly used for diagnosis of malignant tumors, to the differential diagnosis and prediction of disease progression in IIP patients. Methods Fifty patients with IIP, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, n=21), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP, n=18), and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP, n=11), underwent 18 F-FDG PET examinations at two time points: Scan 1 at 60 min (early imaging) and Scan 2 at 180 min (delayed imaging) after 18 F-FDG injection. The standardized uptake values (SUV) at the two points and the retention index (RI-SUV) calculated from them were evaluated and compared with chest CT findings, disease progression, and disease types. To evaluate short term disease progression, all patients were examined pulmonary function test every 3 months for 1 year after 18 F-FDG PET scanning. Results The early SUV for COP (2.47±0.74) was significantly higher than that for IPF-2 (0.99±0.29, P=0.0002) or NSIP (1.22±0.44, P=0.0025). When an early SUV cutoff value of 1.5 and greater was used to distinguish COP from IPF and NSIP, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 90.9%, 94.3%, and 93.5%, respectively. The RI-SUV for IPF and NSIP lesions was significantly greater in patients with deteriorated pulmonary function after 1-year of follow-up (progressive group, 13.0±8.9%) than in cases without deterioration during the 1-year observation period (stable group,-16.8±5.9%, P<0.0001). However, the early SUV for all IIP types provided no additional information of disease progression. When an RI-SUV cutoff value of 0% and greater was used to distinguish progressive IIPs from stable IIPs, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 95.5%, 100%, and 97.8%, respectively. Conclusion Early-SUV and RI-SUV obtained from dual-time point 18 F-FDG PET are useful parameter for the differential diagnosis and prediction of disease progression in patients with IIP.
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 1996
"Delayed" single-photon emission tomograpic (SPET) images after an intravenous bolus injection of... more "Delayed" single-photon emission tomograpic (SPET) images after an intravenous bolus injection of iodine-123 iomazenil have been used as a relative map of benzodiazepine receptor binding. We determined the optimal scan time for obtaining such a map and assessed the errors of the map. SPET and blood data from six healthy volunteers and five patients were used. A threecompartment kinetic model was employed in simulation studies and analyses of actual data. The simulation studies suggested that, in the normal brain, the scan time at which a single SPET image best represented the relative receptor binding was 3.0-3.5 h post-injection. This finding was supported by actual data from the volunteers. The simulation studies also suggested that the optimal scan time was not greatly changed by the variability of the input functions, and that the error in the SPET image contrast in the vicinity of the optimal scan time was not increased by changes in the tracer kinetics in the entire brain. The SPET image contrast in the patients at 3.0 h post-injection agreed well with the reference receptor binding estimated by kinetic analysis, with a mean error of 3.6%. These findings support the use of a single SPET image after bolus injection of [123I]iomazenil as a relative map of benzodiazepine receptor binding. For this purpose, a SPET scan time of 3.0-3.5 h post-injection is recommended.
American Journal of Roentgenology, 2001
OBJECTIVE. Recurrence is often a major problem for patients who have undergone surgery for ovaria... more OBJECTIVE. Recurrence is often a major problem for patients who have undergone surgery for ovarian cancer. This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical contribution of positron emission tomography (PET) using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for recurrent ovarian cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Twenty-four women who had undergone surgery or chemoradiotherapy for histopathologically proven ovarian cancer were enrolled in this study. Ovarian cancer was thought to have recurred in 12 of these women because of evidence on conventional imaging modalities or tumor marker measurements (group A). Clinical findings for the remaining 12 women showed them to be disease-free (group B). PET findings for the women were compared with the final diagnoses obtained by histopathology or by clinical follow-up. The clinical contribution of PET was assessed by evaluating whether PET yielded information complementing the findings of conventional modalities and by examining its impact on treatment. RESULTS. PET gave valuable information for seven of 12 patients in group A in addition to the information obtained from findings on conventional imaging, and treatment was affected in five patients. On the other hand, in group B, additional information was obtained in only three of 12 patients, and treatment of only one patient was affected. Overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of conventional imaging modalities were 72.7%, 75.0%, and 73.3%, respectively, and these rates improved to 92.3%, 100.0%, and 94.4%, respectively, by considering both conventional imaging modalities and PET findings. CONCLUSION. Our preliminary data suggest that whole-body PET with FDG can be a complementary modality for following up patients who have had ovarian cancer, especially patients believed to be at risk for recurrence.
Translational Psychiatry
Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) exhibit atypical sensory characteristics, impai... more Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) exhibit atypical sensory characteristics, impaired social skills, deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. The relationship between sensory characteristics and brain morphological changes in ASD remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the association between brain morphological changes and sensory characteristics in individuals with ASD using brain image analysis and a sensory profile test. Forty-three adults with ASD and 84 adults with typical development underwent brain image analysis using FreeSurfer. The brain cortex was divided into 64 regions, and the cortical thickness and volume of the limbic system were calculated. The sensory characteristics of the participants were evaluated using the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP). Correlation analysis was performed for cortical thickness, limbic area volume, and AASP scores. In the ASD group, there was a significant positiv...
Frontiers in Genetics, 2022
Reproductive efforts, such as pregnancy, delivery, and interaction with children, make maternal b... more Reproductive efforts, such as pregnancy, delivery, and interaction with children, make maternal brains optimized for child-rearing. However, extensive studies in non-human species revealed a tradeoff between reproductive effort and life expectancy. In humans, large demographic studies have shown that this is the case for the most part; however, molecular marker studies regarding aging remain controversial. There are no studies simultaneously evaluating the relationship between reproductive effort, aging, and brain structures. We therefore examined the associations between reproductive efforts (parity status, number of deliveries, motherhood period, and cumulative motherhood period), DNA methylation age (mAge) acceleration (based on Horvath’s multi-tissue clock and the skin & blood clock), and the regional gray matter volumes (obtained through brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using voxel-based morphometry) in 51 mothers aged 27–46 years of children in early childhood. We found ...
ACS Omega, 2021
Nanoparticles are attracting attention as drug carriers for realizing "theranostics". However, na... more Nanoparticles are attracting attention as drug carriers for realizing "theranostics". However, nanoparticles generally show long blood circulation behaviors, and the remaining nanoparticle probe in the blood is the cause of prolonged optimal time from probe injection to imaging. Recently, it has been reported that some nanoparticles activate the immune system, producing an antinanoparticle antibody, which can selectively detect the corresponding nanoparticle and transfer it to the liver by opsonization. Lactosome is a polymer micelle prepared from amphiphilic PNMG-block-PLLA polydepsipeptide and known to activate the immune system when administered to mice at a specific concentration. In this study, radioactive fluorine-labeled lactosome (18 F-lactosome) is used as a positron emission tomography probe for tumor imaging, and anti-lactosome antibody was additionally administrated after 2 h from the probe dosage. 18 F-lactosome remaining in the blood was opsonized by the anti-lactosome antibody and transferred to the liver under the antibody dose-dependent manner. Because of the probe reduction from the blood, the tumor/blood signal intensity ratio could be improved up to 50% by anti-lactosome antibody administration. There needs further improvement, but the developed method is applicable for imaging utilizing nanoparticle probes, which activate the immune system.
Diagnostics, 2021
Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of PET/MRI with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in... more Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of PET/MRI with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in cervical cancer based on the revised 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two patients with biopsy-proven primary cervical cancer underwent pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/MRI, CT, and pelvic MRI. The diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/MRI and MRI for assessing extent of the primary tumor and 18F-FDG PET/MRI and CT for assessing nodal and distant metastases was evaluated by two experienced readers. Histopathological and follow-up imaging results were used as the gold standard. McNemar test was employed for statistical analysis. Results: Accuracy for the invasion of vagina, parametrium, side wall, and adjacent organs was 97.2%, 93.1%, 97.2%, and 100% for 18F-FDG PET/MRI; and 97.2%, 91.7%, 97.2%, and 100% for pelvic MRI, respectively (p > 0.05). Patient-based accuracy for metastasis to pelvic and paraaortic lymph n...
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 2020
BackgroundThe early response to treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors is difficult to evalu... more BackgroundThe early response to treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors is difficult to evaluate. We determined whether changes in integrated [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/MRI (18F-FDG PET/MRI) parameters after the first 2 weeks of antiprogrammed death-1 antibody nivolumab therapy could predict the response of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsTwenty-five patients with previously treated NSCLC were enrolled prospectively and underwent18F-FDG PET/MRI before and at 2 weeks after nivolumab therapy. Changes in maximal standardized uptake value, total lesion glycolysis (ΔTLG) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ΔADC) between the two scans were calculated and evaluated for their associations with the clinical response to therapy.ResultsThe disease control rate was 64%. Patients with non-progressive disease (non-PD) had significantly decreased TLG, increased ADCmean(ie, negative ΔADCmean) and lower ΔTLG+ΔADCmeanthan patients with PD. ...
Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica, 1996
Kaku igaku. The Japanese journal of nuclear medicine, 2017
This survey was performed to investigate the incidence of adverse reactions to radiopharmaceutica... more This survey was performed to investigate the incidence of adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals in FY2015 in Japan. It was based on the responses to questionnaires sent to nuclear medicine institutions. The reply was obtained from 981 institutions among 1,274 to which the questionnaire had been sent. Fifteen cases of adverse reactions were reported. A total of 1,056,828 radiopharmaceutical administrations were reported. The incidence of adverse reactions per 100,000 cases was 1.4. No case of deficient products was reported.
Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, Jan 10, 2015
The aim of this prospective study was to clarify whether dual-time-point [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy... more The aim of this prospective study was to clarify whether dual-time-point [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG PET) imaging results are useful to predict long-term survival of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. Fifty IPF patients underwent (18)F-FDG PET examinations at 2 time points; 60 minutes (early imaging) and 180 minutes (delayed imaging) after (18)F-FDG injection. The standardized uptake value (SUV) at each point and retention index value (RI-SUV) calculated from those were evaluated, then the results were compared with overall and progression-free survival. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed higher RI-SUV and higher extent of fibrosis score as independent predictors of shorter progression-free survival. The median progression-free survival for patients with negative RI-SUV was better than that for those with positive RI-SUV (27.9 vs. 13.3 months, P = 0.0002). On the other hand, multivariate Cox analysis showed h...
Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology, 2010
Although post-injection transmission scan (POST-TS) after 2-[ 18 F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18 F... more Although post-injection transmission scan (POST-TS) after 2-[ 18 F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18 F-FDG) injection[A1] is useful for short examination times, the emission count of 18 F-FDG[A2] in the regional brain area was not completely subtracted with use of the POST-TS method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of POST-TS and attenuation correction (AC) methods on the normal database (NDB). A 10 min pre-injection transmission scan (PRE-TS) was performed before 18 F-FDG[A3] was injected in eighteen normal volunteers. A 10 min POST-TS was then conducted beginning 40 min after 18 F-FDG[A4] injection, followed by a 10 min 2-dimentional emission scanning. To reconstruct each image of normal volunteers, the reconstruction was performed using the filtered back-projection (FBP) method and the ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) method, with transmission-based measured attenuation correction (MAC) and the segmented attenuation correction (SAC) technique. Subtraction images of NDB with PRE-TS or POST-TS were evaluated using 3D-SSP. A phantom study was also performed in addition to a human study, and assessment was by region of interests and profile curves. NDB images with POST-TS were significantly lower in the bilateral frontal lobes and higher in the parietal lobes and occipital lobes, including the precuneus, than those with PRE-TS, regardless of the different AC and reconstruction algorithms. Therefore, we have to be careful to confirm not only emission scan methods and reconstruction algorithms, but also TS methods and AC methods in the NDB. It will be best to perform PET examinations using the same TS methods and AC methods between NDB and patients.
Journal of ovarian research, 2009
The most frequently used molecular imaging technique is currently 18F-deoxy-glucose (FDG) positro... more The most frequently used molecular imaging technique is currently 18F-deoxy-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). FDG-PET holds promise in the evaluation of recurrent or residual ovarian cancer when CA125 levels are rising and conventional imaging, such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI, is inconclusive or negative. Recently, integrated PET/CT, in which a full-ring-detector clinical PET scanner and a multidetector helical CT scanner are combined, has enabled the acquisition of both metabolic and anatomic imaging data using one device in a single diagnostic session. This can also provide precise anatomic localization of suspicious areas of increased FDG uptake and rule out false-positive PET findings. FDG-PET/CT is an accurate modality for assessing primary and recurrent ovarian cancer and may affect management. FDG-PET/CT may provide benefits for detection of recurrent of ovarian cancer and improve surgical planning. And FDG-PET has been shown to predict response to neoadjuvant ...
Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2006
To avoid arterial blood sampling and complicated analyses in 15O-gas PET studies, we evaluated a ... more To avoid arterial blood sampling and complicated analyses in 15O-gas PET studies, we evaluated a noninvasive technique using the count-based method for measuring asymmetric increases in oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in cerebrovascular disease. Eighteen patients (mean age +/- SD, 61 +/- 16 y) with atherothrombotic large-cerebral-artery disease were studied for the measurement of hemodynamic parameters using the 15O-gas steady-state method with inhalation of 15O2, C15O2, and C15O. All patients also underwent H2(15)O PET with the bolus injection method. Count-based ratio images of 15O2/C15O2 and (15)O2/H2(15)O were calculated, and asymmetry indices (AIs) were obtained (cbOEF(SS)-AI and cbOEF(BO)-AI, respectively) using regions of interest drawn bilaterally on the cerebral cortices. These AIs were compared with the AIs of absolute OEF (qOEF-AI) and with those after cerebral blood volume (CBV) correction. A contribution factor for this correction was defined as a variable alpha, and t...
Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 1994
Copper-62-pyruvaldehyde bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) copper II (62Cu-PTSM) has been proposed a... more Copper-62-pyruvaldehyde bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) copper II (62Cu-PTSM) has been proposed as a generator-produced positron-emitting tracer for perfusion imaging. To evaluate the characteristics of 62Cu-PTSM as a cerebral perfusion tracer, brain PET images of 62Cu-PTSM were compared with cerebral blood flow (CBF). Following an intravenous injection of 62Cu-PTSM, a serial dynamic PET scan was performed for 10 min with arterial sampling in 10 subjects. CBF was measured by 15O-labeled water before the 62Cu-PTSM study. Dynamic PET scan with octanol-extracted arterial input function indicated the presence of significant back-diffusion of 62Cu-PTSM from the brain within 3 min after injection, followed by stable activity from 3 to 10 min. Comparison with 15O-water PET demonstrated less contrast between high- and low-flow regions in 62Cu-PTSM image and a nonlinear relationship of flow and 62Cu-PTSM uptake, which suggests the underestimation of CBF in high-flow regions due to the existe...
Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 2009
Introduction: This study presents the development of an automated radiosynthesis system integrati... more Introduction: This study presents the development of an automated radiosynthesis system integrating a microwave reactor and its subsequent application in the synthesis of [ 18 F]flumazenil, a potentially useful compound in the evaluation of central benzodiazepine receptor density. Methods: Preparation of dry [K/K 222 ] +18 F − complex and radiofluorination of the nitro-flumazenil precursor were achieved using the developed microwave-based radiosynthesis system. The crude product was prepurified in a C18 cartridge followed by reversed-phase preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The isolated [ 18 F]flumazenil was evaporated in vacuo and reconstituted in an ethanolfree solution. Results: Optimum incorporation of 18 F − in the nitro-precursor was achieved in 5 min time utilizing 2 mg of precursor in N,Ndimethylformamide reacted at 160°C which gave an incorporation yield of 40±5%. The radiochemical yield obtained at the end of synthesis was 26±4% (EOB) with a radiochemical purity of N99% and a total synthesis time of about 55-60 min. The produced [ 18 F]flumazenil was observed to be stable for at least 8 h. Conclusion: The developed [ 18 F]flumazenil radiosynthesis system offers shorter reaction time, simplicity in operation and applicability for use in routine clinical practice.
Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 2007
The goal of this study was to measure estrogen receptor (ER) concentration in the endometrium and... more The goal of this study was to measure estrogen receptor (ER) concentration in the endometrium and myometrium using 16α-[ 18 F]fluoro-17β-estradiol (FES) PET and to investigate the relationship between changes in these parameters with the menstrual cycle and endogenous estrogen levels. Methods: Sixteen female healthy volunteers were included in this study. After blood sampling to measure endogenous estrogen level, FES-PET image was acquired 60 min postinjection of FES. After whole-body imaging of FES-PET, averaged standardized uptake value (SUV) in the endometrium and myometrium were measured, and the relationship between FES uptake and menstrual cycle or endogenous estrogen level was evaluated. Results: Endometrial SUV was significantly higher in the proliferative phase than in the secretory phase (6.03 ±1.05 vs. 3.97 ± 1.29, p = 0.022). In contrast, there was no significant difference in myometrial SUV when comparing the proliferative and secretory phases (p = 0.23). Further, there was no correlation between SUV and endogenous estrogen level in the proliferative phase. Conclusions: The change of ER concentration relative to menstrual cycle as characterized by FES-PET was consistent with those from previous report using immunohistochemical technique. These data suggest FES-PET is a feasible noninvasive method of characterizing changes in ER concentration.
Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2008
18 F-FDG PET is increasingly used for lung cancer; however, some insufficient results have been r... more 18 F-FDG PET is increasingly used for lung cancer; however, some insufficient results have been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dual-time-point 18 F-FDG PET for staging lung cancer and for differentiating metastatic from nonmetastatic lung cancer lesions. Methods: One hundred fifty-five lung cancer patients with known or suspected mediastinal and hilar lymph node involvement or distant metastases underwent whole-body 18 F-FDG PET at 2 time points: scan 1 at 60 min (early imaging) and scan 2 at 180 min (delayed imaging) after 18 F-FDG injection. 18 F-FDG PET findings of nodal and distant metastases were evaluated using conventional imaging, clinical follow-up findings, and the results of autopsy or biopsy. Results: A total of 580 lesions (155 primary lesions, 315 metastatic lesions, and 110 nonmetastatic lesions) were used for analysis. A closer correlation between the primary lesions and metastases was observed for the retention index (RI) standardized uptake value (SUV) than for early and delayed SUV. There was no relationship between the RI SUV results of primary lesions and those of nonmetastatic lesions. The RI SUV of metastatic lesions was approximately 0.5-2 times the RI SUV of primary tumors. We found that the accuracy of 18 F-FDG PET was improved when RI SUV was used for detecting lymph node and distant metastases, because of the significant improvement in specificity relative to early and delayed SUV. Conclusion: RI SUV raised the accuracy for diagnosis of metastases and was superior to early and delayed imaging in terms of differentiating malignancy from nonmetastatic uptake.
Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2009
The grade of histologic differentiation is one of the most important prognostic factors in patien... more The grade of histologic differentiation is one of the most important prognostic factors in patients with endometrial carcinoma and postoperative staging. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 16a-18 F-fluoro-17b-estradiol (18 F-FES) and 18 F-FDG PET reflect clinicopathologic features in patients with endometrial tumors. Methods: A total of 22 patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma and 9 with endometrial hyperplasia (mean age, 56.0 6 15.3 y) underwent 18 F-FES PET for estrogen receptor imaging and 18 F-FDG PET. Regional values of tracer uptake were evaluated using standardized uptake value (SUV) and the SUV ratio of 18 F-FDG to 18 F-FES. The accuracy for predicting tumor aggressiveness defined as high-risk carcinoma (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] stage $ Ic or histologic grade $ 2), low-risk carcinoma (FIGO stage # Ib and grade 1), and hyperplasia was compared for each PET parameter using receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis. The diagnostic accuracy of MRI findings for clinical staging was also compared. Results: Although the SUV for 18 F-FDG was significantly lower in endometrial hyperplasia than in carcinoma, a significant difference between high-risk and low-risk carcinoma was observed only in SUV for 18 F-FES. High-risk carcinoma showed a significantly greater 18 F-FDG-to-18 F-FES ratio (3.6 6 2.1) than did low-risk carcinoma (1.3 6 0.5, P , 0.01) and hyperplasia (0.3 6 0.1, P , 0.005). Low-risk carcinoma showed a significantly higher 18 F-FDG-to-18 F-FES ratio than hyperplasia (P , 0.0001). In ROC analysis, the most accurate diagnostic PET parameter for predicting high-risk and low-risk carcinoma was the 18 F-FDG-to-18 F-FES ratio. The optimal 18 F-FDG/ 18 F-FES cutoff value of 2.0, determined by ROC analysis, revealed 73% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 86% accuracy, which was better than the 77% accuracy for MRI. The 18 F-FDGto-18 F-FES ratio of 0.5 yielded a correct diagnosis for carcinoma from hyperplasia with 100% accuracy. Conclusion: Endometrial carcinoma reduces estrogen dependency with accelerated glucose metabolism as it progresses to a higher stage or grade. 18 F-FES and 18 F-FDG PET studies provide a new index of the 18 F-FDG-to-18 F-FES ratio, which is considered the most informative index reflecting tumor aggressiveness. This index will be useful for making noninvasive diagnoses and deciding the appropriate therapeutic strategy for patients with endometrial carcinoma.
Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2008
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of short-t inversion-recovery (STIR) MRI an... more The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of short-t inversion-recovery (STIR) MRI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of metastasis in mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes in patients with lung cancer. Methods: Ninety-three patients with known or suspected lung cancer with mediastinal and hilar lymph node swelling underwent STIR MRI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT examinations. STIR MRI scans were obtained with a 2% copper sulfate phantom placed along the back of each patient, with the lymph node-to-phantom ratio calculated for quantitative analysis. For qualitative analysis, the results of all STIR MRI scans were evaluated using a 5-point visual scoring system. To evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of STIR MRI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT, we used receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis to determine the optimal thresholds for the lymph node-to-phantom ratio, visual score, and maximal standardized uptake value. Further, the capability of each to determine N-stage was compared in each patient using the McNemar test. Results: A total of 137 lymph nodes (82 malignant lesions, 55 benign lesions) were analyzed. When optimal threshold values were adopted, the quantitative and qualitative sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of STIR MRI were not significantly different from those of 18 F-FDG PET/CT. However, 18 F-FDG PET/CT in combination with qualitative STIR MRI analysis had a significantly higher capability to detect nodal involvement on an individual-patient basis (96.9% specificity, 90.3% accuracy) than did 18 F-FDG PET/CT alone (65.6% specificity, 81.7% accuracy). Conclusion: We found that the diagnostic capability of STIR MRI was not significantly different from that of 18 F-FDG PET/CT. However, when those methods were combined, the diagnostic capability for N-staging was significantly improved.
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 2009
Purpose Individual clinical courses of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) are variable and d... more Purpose Individual clinical courses of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) are variable and difficult to predict because the pathology and disease activity are contingent, and chest computed tomography (CT) provides little information about disease activity. In this study, we applied dual-time-point [ 18 F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), commonly used for diagnosis of malignant tumors, to the differential diagnosis and prediction of disease progression in IIP patients. Methods Fifty patients with IIP, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, n=21), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP, n=18), and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP, n=11), underwent 18 F-FDG PET examinations at two time points: Scan 1 at 60 min (early imaging) and Scan 2 at 180 min (delayed imaging) after 18 F-FDG injection. The standardized uptake values (SUV) at the two points and the retention index (RI-SUV) calculated from them were evaluated and compared with chest CT findings, disease progression, and disease types. To evaluate short term disease progression, all patients were examined pulmonary function test every 3 months for 1 year after 18 F-FDG PET scanning. Results The early SUV for COP (2.47±0.74) was significantly higher than that for IPF-2 (0.99±0.29, P=0.0002) or NSIP (1.22±0.44, P=0.0025). When an early SUV cutoff value of 1.5 and greater was used to distinguish COP from IPF and NSIP, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 90.9%, 94.3%, and 93.5%, respectively. The RI-SUV for IPF and NSIP lesions was significantly greater in patients with deteriorated pulmonary function after 1-year of follow-up (progressive group, 13.0±8.9%) than in cases without deterioration during the 1-year observation period (stable group,-16.8±5.9%, P<0.0001). However, the early SUV for all IIP types provided no additional information of disease progression. When an RI-SUV cutoff value of 0% and greater was used to distinguish progressive IIPs from stable IIPs, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 95.5%, 100%, and 97.8%, respectively. Conclusion Early-SUV and RI-SUV obtained from dual-time point 18 F-FDG PET are useful parameter for the differential diagnosis and prediction of disease progression in patients with IIP.
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 1996
"Delayed" single-photon emission tomograpic (SPET) images after an intravenous bolus injection of... more "Delayed" single-photon emission tomograpic (SPET) images after an intravenous bolus injection of iodine-123 iomazenil have been used as a relative map of benzodiazepine receptor binding. We determined the optimal scan time for obtaining such a map and assessed the errors of the map. SPET and blood data from six healthy volunteers and five patients were used. A threecompartment kinetic model was employed in simulation studies and analyses of actual data. The simulation studies suggested that, in the normal brain, the scan time at which a single SPET image best represented the relative receptor binding was 3.0-3.5 h post-injection. This finding was supported by actual data from the volunteers. The simulation studies also suggested that the optimal scan time was not greatly changed by the variability of the input functions, and that the error in the SPET image contrast in the vicinity of the optimal scan time was not increased by changes in the tracer kinetics in the entire brain. The SPET image contrast in the patients at 3.0 h post-injection agreed well with the reference receptor binding estimated by kinetic analysis, with a mean error of 3.6%. These findings support the use of a single SPET image after bolus injection of [123I]iomazenil as a relative map of benzodiazepine receptor binding. For this purpose, a SPET scan time of 3.0-3.5 h post-injection is recommended.
American Journal of Roentgenology, 2001
OBJECTIVE. Recurrence is often a major problem for patients who have undergone surgery for ovaria... more OBJECTIVE. Recurrence is often a major problem for patients who have undergone surgery for ovarian cancer. This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical contribution of positron emission tomography (PET) using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for recurrent ovarian cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Twenty-four women who had undergone surgery or chemoradiotherapy for histopathologically proven ovarian cancer were enrolled in this study. Ovarian cancer was thought to have recurred in 12 of these women because of evidence on conventional imaging modalities or tumor marker measurements (group A). Clinical findings for the remaining 12 women showed them to be disease-free (group B). PET findings for the women were compared with the final diagnoses obtained by histopathology or by clinical follow-up. The clinical contribution of PET was assessed by evaluating whether PET yielded information complementing the findings of conventional modalities and by examining its impact on treatment. RESULTS. PET gave valuable information for seven of 12 patients in group A in addition to the information obtained from findings on conventional imaging, and treatment was affected in five patients. On the other hand, in group B, additional information was obtained in only three of 12 patients, and treatment of only one patient was affected. Overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of conventional imaging modalities were 72.7%, 75.0%, and 73.3%, respectively, and these rates improved to 92.3%, 100.0%, and 94.4%, respectively, by considering both conventional imaging modalities and PET findings. CONCLUSION. Our preliminary data suggest that whole-body PET with FDG can be a complementary modality for following up patients who have had ovarian cancer, especially patients believed to be at risk for recurrence.
Translational Psychiatry
Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) exhibit atypical sensory characteristics, impai... more Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) exhibit atypical sensory characteristics, impaired social skills, deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. The relationship between sensory characteristics and brain morphological changes in ASD remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the association between brain morphological changes and sensory characteristics in individuals with ASD using brain image analysis and a sensory profile test. Forty-three adults with ASD and 84 adults with typical development underwent brain image analysis using FreeSurfer. The brain cortex was divided into 64 regions, and the cortical thickness and volume of the limbic system were calculated. The sensory characteristics of the participants were evaluated using the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP). Correlation analysis was performed for cortical thickness, limbic area volume, and AASP scores. In the ASD group, there was a significant positiv...
Frontiers in Genetics, 2022
Reproductive efforts, such as pregnancy, delivery, and interaction with children, make maternal b... more Reproductive efforts, such as pregnancy, delivery, and interaction with children, make maternal brains optimized for child-rearing. However, extensive studies in non-human species revealed a tradeoff between reproductive effort and life expectancy. In humans, large demographic studies have shown that this is the case for the most part; however, molecular marker studies regarding aging remain controversial. There are no studies simultaneously evaluating the relationship between reproductive effort, aging, and brain structures. We therefore examined the associations between reproductive efforts (parity status, number of deliveries, motherhood period, and cumulative motherhood period), DNA methylation age (mAge) acceleration (based on Horvath’s multi-tissue clock and the skin & blood clock), and the regional gray matter volumes (obtained through brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using voxel-based morphometry) in 51 mothers aged 27–46 years of children in early childhood. We found ...