Habtamu Zeleke - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Habtamu Zeleke

Research paper thumbnail of Heterosis and Combining Ability for Grain Yield and Yield Component Traits of Maize in Eastern Ethiopia

Current Agriculture Research Journal, Oct 19, 2015

Combining ability analysis for grain yield and yield component traits in maize were carried out i... more Combining ability analysis for grain yield and yield component traits in maize were carried out in 8×8 diallel cross. The analysis of variance showed there is highly significant variation between the genotypes for all the traits considered. Year of testing was significant only for days to maturity and grain yield per hectare. The highest percentage of heterosis for grain over the standard varieties (BH 660) was observed by the cross L1 x L4 (29.3%) followed by crosses L1 x L5 (28.3%), L3 x L5 (21.7%) and L1 x L7 (20.8%). Mid-parent heterosis for days to maturity ranged from-2.5 to-23.9%, whereas that of better parent heterosis ranged from 0 to-13% indicating that the hybrids tend to be earlier in maturity than the parents. The mean squares due to GCA for days to maturity, ear diameter, member of kernels per row, 1000 kernel weight and grain yield were significant, indicating the importance of additive genetic variance in controlling these traits. The mean squares due to SCA were also significant for days to maturity, ear length, member of kernels per row and 1000 kernel weight indicating the importance of non-additive genetic variance in controlling these traits.The inbred lines L1, L3, and L4 were good general combiners for grain yield.

Research paper thumbnail of Advances in improving harvest index of maize

... Worku (Bako Agricultural Research Center, Bako (Ethiopia). National Maize Research Program);H... more ... Worku (Bako Agricultural Research Center, Bako (Ethiopia). National Maize Research Program);Habtamu Zeleke (Bako Agricultural Research Center, Bako (Ethiopia). National Maize Research Program);Girma Taye (Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Addis Abeba ( ...

Research paper thumbnail of In vitro propagation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal, 2018

The study is aimed at establishing a simple protocol for in vitro regeneration of sweet potato wi... more The study is aimed at establishing a simple protocol for in vitro regeneration of sweet potato with a view to providing planting materials to farmers as well as basis for genetic improvement. Axillary buds were excised and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salts supplemented with 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP), gibberellic acid (GA3) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) singly or in combination. The shoot height and number of leaves differed significantly among the cultivars. The result also indicated significant difference (p less than 0.01) among the cultivars with King J recording the highest mean values. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) was also recorded in the media combination with respect to organogenesis and number of shoots obtained. The results of hardening further revealed 33.33% success in the explants transferred directly to the field, as well as for the plantlets that were gradually weaned in a mixture of 3:1 sand and biochar.

Research paper thumbnail of Genotype by Environment Interaction and Yield Stability of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids in Ethiopia

Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2016

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients required for high productivity of the maize p... more Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients required for high productivity of the maize plant. In most farmers' fields in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there is low availability of N in the soil mainly due to continuous cultivation of the land, crop residues removal, little or no application of fertilizers and rapid leaching. There is a need to develop low N tolerant and adapted maize genotypes. Evaluation of maize genotypes under different nitrogen conditions would therefore be useful in identifying genotypes that combine stability with high yield potential for both stress and non-stress environment. Eighty maize hybrids were evaluated at Mbalmayo and Nkolbisson in Cameroon, during 2012 and 2013 minor and major cropping seasons across 11 environments under low and high N conditions. The objectives of the study were: (i) to determine the effect of genotype x environment interaction (G × E) on grain yield and yield stability of single cross maize hybrids across low N and optimum N environments and (ii) to identify genotypes to recommend for further use in the breeding program. Yield data of 80 hybrids were analyzed initially and the analysis of 20 best performing genotypes was further performed for a better visualization and interpretation of the results. Combined analysis of variance showed highly significant G × E effects for grain yield. The GGE biplot analysis divided the study area into three mega environments: one related to the major cropping season while the two others were related to the minor cropping season. The grain yield of the 20 highest yielding hybrids ranged from 4484.7 to 5198.3 kg ha −1. Hybrid 1368 × 87036 was the highest yielding in the minor season while the most outstanding hybrid, TL-11-A-1642-5 × 87036 was the best for the major season. The latter hybrid showed the potential for production across environments and should therefore be further tested in multiple environments to confirm consistency of its high yield performance and stability, and to facilitate its release as a commercial hybrid. High yielding but not stable hybrids across environments could be recommended for the specific environments where they performed well.

Research paper thumbnail of Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and yield component traits of maize in Eastern Ethiopia

Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal, Aug 29, 2016

Combining ability analysis for grain yield and yield component traits in maize were carried out i... more Combining ability analysis for grain yield and yield component traits in maize were carried out in 8×8 diallel cross. The analysis of variance showed there is highly significant variation between the genotypes for all the traits considered. Year of testing was significant only for days to maturity and grain yield per hectare. The highest percentage of heterosis for grain over the standard varieties (BH 660) was observed by the cross L1 x L4 (29.3%) followed by crosses L1 x L5 (28.3%), L3 x L5 (21.7%) and L1 x L7 (20.8%). Mid-parent heterosis for days to maturity ranged from-2.5 to-23.9%, whereas that of better parent heterosis ranged from 0 to-13% indicating that the hybrids tend to be earlier in maturity than the parents. The mean squares due to GCA for days to maturity, ear diameter, member of kernels per row, 1000 kernel weight and grain yield were significant, indicating the importance of additive genetic variance in controlling these traits. The mean squares due to SCA were also significant for days to maturity, ear length, member of kernels per row and 1000 kernel weight indicating the importance of non-additive genetic variance in controlling these traits.The inbred lines L1, L3, and L4 were good general combiners for grain yield.

Research paper thumbnail of Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Some Yield and Yield Related Traits in Ethiopian Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Landraces and Crosses

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Dec 15, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Diffusion technology as a tool for characterizing and enhancing germination of maize (Zeα mαys. L) genotypes

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), May 31, 2006

Diffusion technology employed earlier for characterizing seed genotypes and the theory of water d... more Diffusion technology employed earlier for characterizing seed genotypes and the theory of water diffusivity recently developed has now been further extended and tested for enhancing germination of two promising maize (Zea mays. L) genotypes viz. BH-660 and Pop-902 x 903. The values of the seed constant obtained clearly showed that the two maize genotypes were genetically different, not only from one another but also from the four Indian maize genotypes, viz. Paras, Parkash, Parbhat and Kesri. The water diffusivities at 25 •c were found to be 0.0651 x I0-5 cm 2 s-1 and 0.0556 x 10-5 cm 2 s-1 , respectively indicating that the diffusion rate of water in BH-660 was 1.2 times greater than that in Pop-902 x 903, and that it absorbed nearly 11.1% more water than the latter genotype. Field trials results showed an increase of 8% and 2% in seed germination when the seeds of the two genotypes were sown after these were subjected to water diffusion at 25 •c and steady-state conditions obtained in the laboratory. These studies distinctly demonstrated that the critical moisture content, biochemical and physiological activities attained under the steadystate conditions during water diffusion bore a direct relation with critical time for seed germination, defined earlier and experimentally tested for selected seed genotypes of different crops. The technology so developed can be fruitfully exploited with seeds of other maize genotypes, as well as crops.

Research paper thumbnail of Combining ability study of QMM inbred lines for endosperm modification score and tryptophan content under low and optimum soil nitrogen environments

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 22, 2023

Dosho BM, Ifie BE, Asante IK, et al. Combining ability study of QMM inbred lines for endosperm mo... more Dosho BM, Ifie BE, Asante IK, et al. Combining ability study of QMM inbred lines for endosperm modification score and tryptophan content under low and optimum soil nitrogen environments. AGBIR.2022; 38(5):345-350. The nutritional benefit of quality protein maize is more demonstrated on children who live under nutritional insecurity and also children suffering from a severe disease (Kwashiorkor) which is due to protein deficiency. To determine the effects of soil nitrogen on combining ability of tryptophan, endosperm modification score, protein and protein Quality Index (QI), 121 genotypes with five checks were sib-mated to generate F 2 grains under low and optimum N environments. Hereafter 100 grains of each F 2 generation were used for endosperm modification scores and tryptophan and protein concentration analysis in maize kernel endosperm. The results of the study indicated contribution of General Combining Ability (GCA), Specific Combining Ability (SCA) and reciprocal effects were important for all measured traits under both environments indicating quality traits

Research paper thumbnail of Genotype-by-environment interaction and yield stability for grain yield of quality protein maize hybrids under low and optimum soil nitrogen environments

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Jan 26, 2022

Maize (Zea mays L.) yield performance is determined by the effects of genotype and environment, a... more Maize (Zea mays L.) yield performance is determined by the effects of genotype and environment, and genotype × environment interaction (GEI). A complete diallel crosses of 11 QPM inbred lines were evaluated under both low and optimum soil nitrogen environments to identify high grain yield performance and yield stability of single-cross hybrids in six environments. The results of analysis of variance showed that variations among hybrids attributable to genotypes (G), environments (E), and genotype × environment interactions (GEI) were significant for grain yield. The result of the AMMI analysis showed that grain yield performance of the genotypes was significantly affected by environments, genotypes and GEI across six environments. The GGE biplot showed the sum of the first and second principal component axes explained 61.66% of the total variation. Genotype TL156583 × TL156612 was identified as the best genotype among hybrids across six environments, and less stable than genotype MHQ138 which was the poorest genotype but stable across all environments. AMMI stability value identified TL155976 × TL156583, TL156583 × TL155932, and TL156579 × TL156583 as stable genotypes, and TL156583 × VL05128, TL156583 × TL147078, and TL156579 × TL155976 as unstable ones. GGE-biplot identified genotype TL156583 × VL05128 to be the winner in E 6 (Dire-Dawa optimum N) whereas genotype TL156612 × TL148288 was the winner in E 2 (Raare optimum N) and E 5 (Dire-Dawa low N). Genotype TL156579 × TL155976 won in E 1 (Raare low N) and E 5 (Dire-Dawa low N).

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of timing and nitrogen fertilizer application rates on maize yield components and yield in eastern Ethiopia

Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food security crop in Ethiopia. However, low soil fertility a... more Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food security crop in Ethiopia. However, low soil fertility and the use of haphazard nitrogen (N) fertilizer with little attention to the rate and timing of N application constrain productivity. Therefore, field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons to investigate the response of maize to different N application rates and timings. The treatments consisted of six N fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46, 69, 92, and 115 kg N ha−1) and four application timings (all at vegetative stages; one‐half at sowing + one‐half at vegetative stages; one‐third at sowing + one‐third at vegetative stages + one‐third at tasseling; one‐fourth at sowing + two‐fourths at vegetative stages + one‐fourth at tasseling). The experiments were a randomized block design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. The results of the study revealed that ears per plant, ear length, grains per row, grains per ear, stover, and grain yield were significa...

Research paper thumbnail of Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Grain Yield and Yield attributed of elite line of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids

Increased production and productivity of maize will be attained by selection of best hybrids. How... more Increased production and productivity of maize will be attained by selection of best hybrids. However, selection on the basis of grain yield alone is usually not effective, because grain yield is a complex quantitative trait that depends on a number of factors. The objective of this study was to determine trait association and direct and indirect effects of yield related traits on grain yield of elite maize hybrids. A total of eleven pipeline maize hybrids and two standard checks (BH546 and BH547) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2015 main cropping season at Northwestern Ethiopia. Mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for most grain yield and yield related traits indicating the existence of genetic variation among the evaluated genotypes. Grain yield showed positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic association with number of kernels per row. For other traits, the strongest positive phenotypic and genotypi...

Research paper thumbnail of Screening Ethiopian Lentil (Lens CulinarisM.) for Salt Tolerance at Germination and Early Seedling Stage

International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation, 2017

To evaluate genetic variation among Ethiopian lentil, laboratory experiment were conducted to scr... more To evaluate genetic variation among Ethiopian lentil, laboratory experiment were conducted to screen 12 accessions of lentil (Lens culinaris M.) for salt tolerance. Seeds of 12 Lentil accessions were grown at laboratory (Petri dish) condition with different levels of salinity (0, 2, 4, and 8 dSmNaCl) for 4 weeks. The experimental design was completely randomized design (CRD) in factorial combination with three replications. Data analysis was carried out using SAS software. Average germination time, germination percentage, seedling shoot and root traits, seedling shoot and root weight were evaluated. The two way ANOVA for varieties revealed statistically significant variation among lentil accession, NaCl level and their interactions (p<0.001) with respect to the entire parameters. It was found that salt stress significantly delays germination rate and decreases germination percentage, shoot and root length, seedling shoot and root weight of lentil accessions. The degree of decrement varied with accessions and salinity levels. Accessions Lent 12, Lent 1 and Lent 2 were better salt tolerant than the other accessions. As the result, it is recommended to be used as a genetic resource for the development of lentil accession and other very salt sensitive crop with improved germination under salt stress condition.

Research paper thumbnail of Standard heterosis of pipeline maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids for grain yield and yield related traits at Pawe, Northwestern Ethiopia

The knowledge of gene action and heterosis also helps in identification of superior F1 hybrids in... more The knowledge of gene action and heterosis also helps in identification of superior F1 hybrids in order to use further in future breeding programs. The objective of this study was to estimate the amount of standard heterosis of the pipeline maize hybrids for grain yield and yield related traits. A total of eleven pipeline maize hybrids and two standard checks (BH546 and BH547) were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2015 main cropping season at Northwestern Ethiopia. Mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) for most grain yield and yield related traits indicating the existence of genetic variation among the evaluated genotypes. The standard heterosis ranged from -38.72 to 33.65%and the highest heterosis was recorded for CML395/CML202//CML464 cross. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and related traits indicated the possibility of increasing yield by exploiting heterotic potential of maize genotypes....

Research paper thumbnail of Combining ability study of QMM inbred lines for endosperm modification score and tryptophan content under low and optimum soil nitrogen environments

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 22, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Heterosis in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Hybrids of Diverse Parental Lines for Agromorphology Characters in Ethiopia

East African Journal of Sciences, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Hybrid Performance and Standard Heterosis of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Related Trait in Eastern Ethiopia

American Journal of BioScience

Determination of standard heterosis in maize hybrids is required for their commercial exploitatio... more Determination of standard heterosis in maize hybrids is required for their commercial exploitation and thereby enhancing their productivity. Therefore, the research designed to determine the performance of hybrid and their economic heterosis to enhance the production and productivity of maize. The experimental material, comprised twenty-eight F 1 hybrids along with the standard check (BHQPY-545), were evaluated using Alpha-Lattice Design with three replications during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Haramaya University Research Site (Raare). Analysis of variance due to mean square of genotype exhibit significant difference for grain yield, ear diameter, anthesis-silking interval, days to maturity, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear and 1000-kernel weight. The mean value of the six crosses L1×L3, L1×L8, L3×L5, L4×L8, L6×L8 and L2×L4 had higher grain yield than the standard check BHQPY-545. The highest percentage of standard heterosis for grain yield was obtained from the crosses L1×L3 (11.05%), L1×L8 (10.89%), L3×L5 (6.97%), L4×L8 (5.61%) over BHQPY-545, indicating these hybrids had superior potential for commercial cultivation. The highest significant positive standard heterosis for 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels per row, ear length and ear diameter was manifested by the crosses L3×L5 (37.64%), L1×L3 (15.66%) L5×L6 (11.32%), and L2×L8 (15.21%), over BHQPY-545. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits indicates the potential of F 1 hybrids; therefore, such promising hybrids could be recommended for further use in breeding program and/or commercial use, after verifying the results by repeating the research across locations.

Research paper thumbnail of Phenotypic Diversity, Heritability and Genetic Advance Among Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines Under Low Soil Nitrogen Environment

Journal of Plant Sciences

Research paper thumbnail of Variability for protein content and determination of other physical seed Quality characteristics in Released sorghum varieties of Ethiopia

Sixteen sorghum varieties were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replication... more Sixteen sorghum varieties were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Sirinka Agricultural Research Center and Kobo sub-center with the objectives of determining variability for protein content among released sorghum varieties and evaluating other physical seed quality characteristics of the varieties. The varieties used in the study are released by Sirinka Agricultural Research Center and Melkassa Agricultural Research Center in various years. The seeds for laboratory works were taken from the two central rows of the plots. Determination of grain protein content, tannin detection, grain color classification, endosperm texture classification and determination of germinative energy of each variety were undertaken at Haramaya University, Food Science and Technology Department Laboratory and protein content was subjected to analysis of variance. Analysis of variance for protein content revealed no statistically significant difference among the varieties ...

Research paper thumbnail of Association of Stability Parameters and Yield Stability of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes in Western Ethiopia

Information on phenotypic stability is useful for the selection of crop varieties as well as for ... more Information on phenotypic stability is useful for the selection of crop varieties as well as for designing appropriate breeding strategies. The present study was designed to determine the stability of sesame genotypes for seed yield and to elucidate interrelationships among the stability parameters and their associations with mean seed yield. Ten sesame genotypes were tested in four locations in 2011 and 2012 crop seasons using a randomized block design, with three replications. Nine statistical methods were used to determine seed yield stability of the sesame genotypes. The results of the various statistical analyses showed significant variations in seed yield due to genotype, location, and genotype x location interaction. Mean and cultivar superiority performance (Pi) showed high correlation with yield. Cultivar superiority measure (Pi) was significantly associated with S1 and S2. The positive correlation between Wricke and Shukla was perfect and the two procedures are equ...

Research paper thumbnail of Genotype x Environment Interactions for Seed Yield in Sesame in Western Ethiopia

East African Journal of Sciences, 2015

Abstract: As sesame is a short day plant and sensitive to light, heat, and moisture stress the yi... more Abstract: As sesame is a short day plant and sensitive to light, heat, and moisture stress the yield is not stable. The selection of stable genotypes that interact less with the varying environment in which they are to be grown is required. The extent of genotype by environment interaction indicates the likelihood of adaptation of a given genotype to a particular agro-ecology and helps to design a breeding strategy for developing varieties suitable for cultivation in a target area. The objective of the study was to assess the significance and magnitude of GEI effect on sesame seed yield and to evaluate the efficiency of the combined use of AMMI and GGE techniques to study GEI. The treatment consisted of ten sesame genotypes grown in four locations (Angar, Uke, Wama and Bako) in western Ethiopia during the 2011 and 2012 main cropping seasons (June to October). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. The seed yield data were analysed ...

Research paper thumbnail of Heterosis and Combining Ability for Grain Yield and Yield Component Traits of Maize in Eastern Ethiopia

Current Agriculture Research Journal, Oct 19, 2015

Combining ability analysis for grain yield and yield component traits in maize were carried out i... more Combining ability analysis for grain yield and yield component traits in maize were carried out in 8×8 diallel cross. The analysis of variance showed there is highly significant variation between the genotypes for all the traits considered. Year of testing was significant only for days to maturity and grain yield per hectare. The highest percentage of heterosis for grain over the standard varieties (BH 660) was observed by the cross L1 x L4 (29.3%) followed by crosses L1 x L5 (28.3%), L3 x L5 (21.7%) and L1 x L7 (20.8%). Mid-parent heterosis for days to maturity ranged from-2.5 to-23.9%, whereas that of better parent heterosis ranged from 0 to-13% indicating that the hybrids tend to be earlier in maturity than the parents. The mean squares due to GCA for days to maturity, ear diameter, member of kernels per row, 1000 kernel weight and grain yield were significant, indicating the importance of additive genetic variance in controlling these traits. The mean squares due to SCA were also significant for days to maturity, ear length, member of kernels per row and 1000 kernel weight indicating the importance of non-additive genetic variance in controlling these traits.The inbred lines L1, L3, and L4 were good general combiners for grain yield.

Research paper thumbnail of Advances in improving harvest index of maize

... Worku (Bako Agricultural Research Center, Bako (Ethiopia). National Maize Research Program);H... more ... Worku (Bako Agricultural Research Center, Bako (Ethiopia). National Maize Research Program);Habtamu Zeleke (Bako Agricultural Research Center, Bako (Ethiopia). National Maize Research Program);Girma Taye (Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Addis Abeba ( ...

Research paper thumbnail of In vitro propagation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal, 2018

The study is aimed at establishing a simple protocol for in vitro regeneration of sweet potato wi... more The study is aimed at establishing a simple protocol for in vitro regeneration of sweet potato with a view to providing planting materials to farmers as well as basis for genetic improvement. Axillary buds were excised and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salts supplemented with 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP), gibberellic acid (GA3) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) singly or in combination. The shoot height and number of leaves differed significantly among the cultivars. The result also indicated significant difference (p less than 0.01) among the cultivars with King J recording the highest mean values. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) was also recorded in the media combination with respect to organogenesis and number of shoots obtained. The results of hardening further revealed 33.33% success in the explants transferred directly to the field, as well as for the plantlets that were gradually weaned in a mixture of 3:1 sand and biochar.

Research paper thumbnail of Genotype by Environment Interaction and Yield Stability of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids in Ethiopia

Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2016

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients required for high productivity of the maize p... more Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients required for high productivity of the maize plant. In most farmers' fields in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there is low availability of N in the soil mainly due to continuous cultivation of the land, crop residues removal, little or no application of fertilizers and rapid leaching. There is a need to develop low N tolerant and adapted maize genotypes. Evaluation of maize genotypes under different nitrogen conditions would therefore be useful in identifying genotypes that combine stability with high yield potential for both stress and non-stress environment. Eighty maize hybrids were evaluated at Mbalmayo and Nkolbisson in Cameroon, during 2012 and 2013 minor and major cropping seasons across 11 environments under low and high N conditions. The objectives of the study were: (i) to determine the effect of genotype x environment interaction (G × E) on grain yield and yield stability of single cross maize hybrids across low N and optimum N environments and (ii) to identify genotypes to recommend for further use in the breeding program. Yield data of 80 hybrids were analyzed initially and the analysis of 20 best performing genotypes was further performed for a better visualization and interpretation of the results. Combined analysis of variance showed highly significant G × E effects for grain yield. The GGE biplot analysis divided the study area into three mega environments: one related to the major cropping season while the two others were related to the minor cropping season. The grain yield of the 20 highest yielding hybrids ranged from 4484.7 to 5198.3 kg ha −1. Hybrid 1368 × 87036 was the highest yielding in the minor season while the most outstanding hybrid, TL-11-A-1642-5 × 87036 was the best for the major season. The latter hybrid showed the potential for production across environments and should therefore be further tested in multiple environments to confirm consistency of its high yield performance and stability, and to facilitate its release as a commercial hybrid. High yielding but not stable hybrids across environments could be recommended for the specific environments where they performed well.

Research paper thumbnail of Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and yield component traits of maize in Eastern Ethiopia

Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal, Aug 29, 2016

Combining ability analysis for grain yield and yield component traits in maize were carried out i... more Combining ability analysis for grain yield and yield component traits in maize were carried out in 8×8 diallel cross. The analysis of variance showed there is highly significant variation between the genotypes for all the traits considered. Year of testing was significant only for days to maturity and grain yield per hectare. The highest percentage of heterosis for grain over the standard varieties (BH 660) was observed by the cross L1 x L4 (29.3%) followed by crosses L1 x L5 (28.3%), L3 x L5 (21.7%) and L1 x L7 (20.8%). Mid-parent heterosis for days to maturity ranged from-2.5 to-23.9%, whereas that of better parent heterosis ranged from 0 to-13% indicating that the hybrids tend to be earlier in maturity than the parents. The mean squares due to GCA for days to maturity, ear diameter, member of kernels per row, 1000 kernel weight and grain yield were significant, indicating the importance of additive genetic variance in controlling these traits. The mean squares due to SCA were also significant for days to maturity, ear length, member of kernels per row and 1000 kernel weight indicating the importance of non-additive genetic variance in controlling these traits.The inbred lines L1, L3, and L4 were good general combiners for grain yield.

Research paper thumbnail of Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Some Yield and Yield Related Traits in Ethiopian Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Landraces and Crosses

International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Dec 15, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Diffusion technology as a tool for characterizing and enhancing germination of maize (Zeα mαys. L) genotypes

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), May 31, 2006

Diffusion technology employed earlier for characterizing seed genotypes and the theory of water d... more Diffusion technology employed earlier for characterizing seed genotypes and the theory of water diffusivity recently developed has now been further extended and tested for enhancing germination of two promising maize (Zea mays. L) genotypes viz. BH-660 and Pop-902 x 903. The values of the seed constant obtained clearly showed that the two maize genotypes were genetically different, not only from one another but also from the four Indian maize genotypes, viz. Paras, Parkash, Parbhat and Kesri. The water diffusivities at 25 •c were found to be 0.0651 x I0-5 cm 2 s-1 and 0.0556 x 10-5 cm 2 s-1 , respectively indicating that the diffusion rate of water in BH-660 was 1.2 times greater than that in Pop-902 x 903, and that it absorbed nearly 11.1% more water than the latter genotype. Field trials results showed an increase of 8% and 2% in seed germination when the seeds of the two genotypes were sown after these were subjected to water diffusion at 25 •c and steady-state conditions obtained in the laboratory. These studies distinctly demonstrated that the critical moisture content, biochemical and physiological activities attained under the steadystate conditions during water diffusion bore a direct relation with critical time for seed germination, defined earlier and experimentally tested for selected seed genotypes of different crops. The technology so developed can be fruitfully exploited with seeds of other maize genotypes, as well as crops.

Research paper thumbnail of Combining ability study of QMM inbred lines for endosperm modification score and tryptophan content under low and optimum soil nitrogen environments

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 22, 2023

Dosho BM, Ifie BE, Asante IK, et al. Combining ability study of QMM inbred lines for endosperm mo... more Dosho BM, Ifie BE, Asante IK, et al. Combining ability study of QMM inbred lines for endosperm modification score and tryptophan content under low and optimum soil nitrogen environments. AGBIR.2022; 38(5):345-350. The nutritional benefit of quality protein maize is more demonstrated on children who live under nutritional insecurity and also children suffering from a severe disease (Kwashiorkor) which is due to protein deficiency. To determine the effects of soil nitrogen on combining ability of tryptophan, endosperm modification score, protein and protein Quality Index (QI), 121 genotypes with five checks were sib-mated to generate F 2 grains under low and optimum N environments. Hereafter 100 grains of each F 2 generation were used for endosperm modification scores and tryptophan and protein concentration analysis in maize kernel endosperm. The results of the study indicated contribution of General Combining Ability (GCA), Specific Combining Ability (SCA) and reciprocal effects were important for all measured traits under both environments indicating quality traits

Research paper thumbnail of Genotype-by-environment interaction and yield stability for grain yield of quality protein maize hybrids under low and optimum soil nitrogen environments

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Jan 26, 2022

Maize (Zea mays L.) yield performance is determined by the effects of genotype and environment, a... more Maize (Zea mays L.) yield performance is determined by the effects of genotype and environment, and genotype × environment interaction (GEI). A complete diallel crosses of 11 QPM inbred lines were evaluated under both low and optimum soil nitrogen environments to identify high grain yield performance and yield stability of single-cross hybrids in six environments. The results of analysis of variance showed that variations among hybrids attributable to genotypes (G), environments (E), and genotype × environment interactions (GEI) were significant for grain yield. The result of the AMMI analysis showed that grain yield performance of the genotypes was significantly affected by environments, genotypes and GEI across six environments. The GGE biplot showed the sum of the first and second principal component axes explained 61.66% of the total variation. Genotype TL156583 × TL156612 was identified as the best genotype among hybrids across six environments, and less stable than genotype MHQ138 which was the poorest genotype but stable across all environments. AMMI stability value identified TL155976 × TL156583, TL156583 × TL155932, and TL156579 × TL156583 as stable genotypes, and TL156583 × VL05128, TL156583 × TL147078, and TL156579 × TL155976 as unstable ones. GGE-biplot identified genotype TL156583 × VL05128 to be the winner in E 6 (Dire-Dawa optimum N) whereas genotype TL156612 × TL148288 was the winner in E 2 (Raare optimum N) and E 5 (Dire-Dawa low N). Genotype TL156579 × TL155976 won in E 1 (Raare low N) and E 5 (Dire-Dawa low N).

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of timing and nitrogen fertilizer application rates on maize yield components and yield in eastern Ethiopia

Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food security crop in Ethiopia. However, low soil fertility a... more Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food security crop in Ethiopia. However, low soil fertility and the use of haphazard nitrogen (N) fertilizer with little attention to the rate and timing of N application constrain productivity. Therefore, field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons to investigate the response of maize to different N application rates and timings. The treatments consisted of six N fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46, 69, 92, and 115 kg N ha−1) and four application timings (all at vegetative stages; one‐half at sowing + one‐half at vegetative stages; one‐third at sowing + one‐third at vegetative stages + one‐third at tasseling; one‐fourth at sowing + two‐fourths at vegetative stages + one‐fourth at tasseling). The experiments were a randomized block design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. The results of the study revealed that ears per plant, ear length, grains per row, grains per ear, stover, and grain yield were significa...

Research paper thumbnail of Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Grain Yield and Yield attributed of elite line of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids

Increased production and productivity of maize will be attained by selection of best hybrids. How... more Increased production and productivity of maize will be attained by selection of best hybrids. However, selection on the basis of grain yield alone is usually not effective, because grain yield is a complex quantitative trait that depends on a number of factors. The objective of this study was to determine trait association and direct and indirect effects of yield related traits on grain yield of elite maize hybrids. A total of eleven pipeline maize hybrids and two standard checks (BH546 and BH547) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2015 main cropping season at Northwestern Ethiopia. Mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for most grain yield and yield related traits indicating the existence of genetic variation among the evaluated genotypes. Grain yield showed positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic association with number of kernels per row. For other traits, the strongest positive phenotypic and genotypi...

Research paper thumbnail of Screening Ethiopian Lentil (Lens CulinarisM.) for Salt Tolerance at Germination and Early Seedling Stage

International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation, 2017

To evaluate genetic variation among Ethiopian lentil, laboratory experiment were conducted to scr... more To evaluate genetic variation among Ethiopian lentil, laboratory experiment were conducted to screen 12 accessions of lentil (Lens culinaris M.) for salt tolerance. Seeds of 12 Lentil accessions were grown at laboratory (Petri dish) condition with different levels of salinity (0, 2, 4, and 8 dSmNaCl) for 4 weeks. The experimental design was completely randomized design (CRD) in factorial combination with three replications. Data analysis was carried out using SAS software. Average germination time, germination percentage, seedling shoot and root traits, seedling shoot and root weight were evaluated. The two way ANOVA for varieties revealed statistically significant variation among lentil accession, NaCl level and their interactions (p<0.001) with respect to the entire parameters. It was found that salt stress significantly delays germination rate and decreases germination percentage, shoot and root length, seedling shoot and root weight of lentil accessions. The degree of decrement varied with accessions and salinity levels. Accessions Lent 12, Lent 1 and Lent 2 were better salt tolerant than the other accessions. As the result, it is recommended to be used as a genetic resource for the development of lentil accession and other very salt sensitive crop with improved germination under salt stress condition.

Research paper thumbnail of Standard heterosis of pipeline maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids for grain yield and yield related traits at Pawe, Northwestern Ethiopia

The knowledge of gene action and heterosis also helps in identification of superior F1 hybrids in... more The knowledge of gene action and heterosis also helps in identification of superior F1 hybrids in order to use further in future breeding programs. The objective of this study was to estimate the amount of standard heterosis of the pipeline maize hybrids for grain yield and yield related traits. A total of eleven pipeline maize hybrids and two standard checks (BH546 and BH547) were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2015 main cropping season at Northwestern Ethiopia. Mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) for most grain yield and yield related traits indicating the existence of genetic variation among the evaluated genotypes. The standard heterosis ranged from -38.72 to 33.65%and the highest heterosis was recorded for CML395/CML202//CML464 cross. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and related traits indicated the possibility of increasing yield by exploiting heterotic potential of maize genotypes....

Research paper thumbnail of Combining ability study of QMM inbred lines for endosperm modification score and tryptophan content under low and optimum soil nitrogen environments

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 22, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Heterosis in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Hybrids of Diverse Parental Lines for Agromorphology Characters in Ethiopia

East African Journal of Sciences, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Hybrid Performance and Standard Heterosis of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) for Grain Yield and Yield Related Trait in Eastern Ethiopia

American Journal of BioScience

Determination of standard heterosis in maize hybrids is required for their commercial exploitatio... more Determination of standard heterosis in maize hybrids is required for their commercial exploitation and thereby enhancing their productivity. Therefore, the research designed to determine the performance of hybrid and their economic heterosis to enhance the production and productivity of maize. The experimental material, comprised twenty-eight F 1 hybrids along with the standard check (BHQPY-545), were evaluated using Alpha-Lattice Design with three replications during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Haramaya University Research Site (Raare). Analysis of variance due to mean square of genotype exhibit significant difference for grain yield, ear diameter, anthesis-silking interval, days to maturity, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear and 1000-kernel weight. The mean value of the six crosses L1×L3, L1×L8, L3×L5, L4×L8, L6×L8 and L2×L4 had higher grain yield than the standard check BHQPY-545. The highest percentage of standard heterosis for grain yield was obtained from the crosses L1×L3 (11.05%), L1×L8 (10.89%), L3×L5 (6.97%), L4×L8 (5.61%) over BHQPY-545, indicating these hybrids had superior potential for commercial cultivation. The highest significant positive standard heterosis for 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels per row, ear length and ear diameter was manifested by the crosses L3×L5 (37.64%), L1×L3 (15.66%) L5×L6 (11.32%), and L2×L8 (15.21%), over BHQPY-545. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits indicates the potential of F 1 hybrids; therefore, such promising hybrids could be recommended for further use in breeding program and/or commercial use, after verifying the results by repeating the research across locations.

Research paper thumbnail of Phenotypic Diversity, Heritability and Genetic Advance Among Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines Under Low Soil Nitrogen Environment

Journal of Plant Sciences

Research paper thumbnail of Variability for protein content and determination of other physical seed Quality characteristics in Released sorghum varieties of Ethiopia

Sixteen sorghum varieties were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replication... more Sixteen sorghum varieties were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Sirinka Agricultural Research Center and Kobo sub-center with the objectives of determining variability for protein content among released sorghum varieties and evaluating other physical seed quality characteristics of the varieties. The varieties used in the study are released by Sirinka Agricultural Research Center and Melkassa Agricultural Research Center in various years. The seeds for laboratory works were taken from the two central rows of the plots. Determination of grain protein content, tannin detection, grain color classification, endosperm texture classification and determination of germinative energy of each variety were undertaken at Haramaya University, Food Science and Technology Department Laboratory and protein content was subjected to analysis of variance. Analysis of variance for protein content revealed no statistically significant difference among the varieties ...

Research paper thumbnail of Association of Stability Parameters and Yield Stability of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes in Western Ethiopia

Information on phenotypic stability is useful for the selection of crop varieties as well as for ... more Information on phenotypic stability is useful for the selection of crop varieties as well as for designing appropriate breeding strategies. The present study was designed to determine the stability of sesame genotypes for seed yield and to elucidate interrelationships among the stability parameters and their associations with mean seed yield. Ten sesame genotypes were tested in four locations in 2011 and 2012 crop seasons using a randomized block design, with three replications. Nine statistical methods were used to determine seed yield stability of the sesame genotypes. The results of the various statistical analyses showed significant variations in seed yield due to genotype, location, and genotype x location interaction. Mean and cultivar superiority performance (Pi) showed high correlation with yield. Cultivar superiority measure (Pi) was significantly associated with S1 and S2. The positive correlation between Wricke and Shukla was perfect and the two procedures are equ...

Research paper thumbnail of Genotype x Environment Interactions for Seed Yield in Sesame in Western Ethiopia

East African Journal of Sciences, 2015

Abstract: As sesame is a short day plant and sensitive to light, heat, and moisture stress the yi... more Abstract: As sesame is a short day plant and sensitive to light, heat, and moisture stress the yield is not stable. The selection of stable genotypes that interact less with the varying environment in which they are to be grown is required. The extent of genotype by environment interaction indicates the likelihood of adaptation of a given genotype to a particular agro-ecology and helps to design a breeding strategy for developing varieties suitable for cultivation in a target area. The objective of the study was to assess the significance and magnitude of GEI effect on sesame seed yield and to evaluate the efficiency of the combined use of AMMI and GGE techniques to study GEI. The treatment consisted of ten sesame genotypes grown in four locations (Angar, Uke, Wama and Bako) in western Ethiopia during the 2011 and 2012 main cropping seasons (June to October). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. The seed yield data were analysed ...