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Papers by Haffkine Clinical Pathology
LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences, 2015
This study aims to determine the prevalence of infection of Candida species and its resistance to... more This study aims to determine the prevalence of infection of Candida species and its resistance to anti-fungal agents amongst children in Mumbai. Total 169 clinical isolates of Candida species from various clinical specimens namely blood, urine, stool; Cerebral spinal fluid, liver abscess, Endotracheal secretion and ventric tip were included in the study. They were screened and identified by staining, culture and microscopy, followed by isolation on specialized chromogenic agar. Antifungal susceptibility tests of these isolates were carried out against Amphotericin B (50mcg), Itraconazole (10mcg), Clotrimazole (10mcg), Ketoconazole (30mcg), Miconazole (30mcg), and Fluconazole (10mcg) and were reported based on CLSI guidelines (2008). The prevalence of Candida infections was found to be greater in males (69%) as compared to female (31%) children. In the age group of 0-5 years, the occurrence of Candida infection was substantially higher as compared to the others age group. Candida albicans was found to be the major causative agent of fungal infections. The susceptibility of isolates to antifungal agents was found to differ in male and female patients. Overall, highest resistance was observed to Fluconazole (27.1%) while, lowest resistance to Amphotericin B (28.7%). Males exhibited highest resistance to Fluconazole (27.1%) while, females showed highest resistance to Amphotericin B (28.7%). Higher resistance was found to the azole group of antifungal agents. Hence, Amphotericin B can be the choice of treatment of Candida infection in children followed by Miconazole.
Austin Journal of Clinical Pathology, 2017
Rickettsial diseases are generally classified under the causes of Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO)... more Rickettsial diseases are generally classified under the causes of Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO) and high prevalence of this disease is found in developing countries like India. Diagnosis in such cases is difficult because early sign and symptoms are non-specific and varied. Mortality may be as high as 30-40% if untreated. Weil Felix in one of the cheapest screening methods available for laboratory diagnosis of rickettsial diseases but the major drawback of this method is its less sensitivity. A prospective testing was carried out in clinical pathology department in Haffkine Institute as a routine testing for the patients who are advised for extended Widal test. These patients come from the various government hospitals, private hospitals and tertiary care centres. The serum samples from 1464 PUO cases which included patients of all age group and from both government and private hospitals, were subjected to Weil-Felix test (RK Diagnostics, Malad, Mumbai, India). The test was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Titers of ≥ 1:80 for OX K, OX 2 and OX 19 were considered significant. Of 1464 samples, rickettsial diseases were detected in 485 (33.13%) samples. Seropositivity was higher among male subjects 262 (54.02%) when compared with female subjects 223 (45.98%) Most of the positive cases were in 5-10 age group. Prevalence of rickettsial diseases 485 (33.13%) is significantly high, especially in children's and hence should be included in the differential diagnosis of PUO.
LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences
Mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MOTT) cause infections more commonly in the p... more Mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MOTT) cause infections more commonly in the presence of predisposing factors and underlying diseases. They are also notably resistant to commonly used antituberculosis drugs. Total 11 clinical isolates MOTT were included in the study. Drug susceptibility testing of these isolates was performed by Resistant Ratio method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) pattern of these isolates of MOTT to mycelia acid synthesis inhibitors namely, Isoxyl(ISO) and Isoniazid (INH) were determined by agar dilution and broth dilution method. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) pattern of these isolates to ISO and INH were also determined. Out of 11 MOTT isolates, 3 isolates were characterized as Mycobacteriumscrofulaceum, 3 isolates as Mycobacteriumfortuitum, 2 isolates as Mycobacteriumflavescens, 1 isolates as Mycobacterium terrae and 2 isolates as Mycobacteriumkansasi depending upon the results of biochemical tests. The MBC range of INH was found to be 0.025 to 6.4 µg/ml and of ISO was found to be 0.6 to 20 µg/ml. Bactericidal activity of ISO was 7.25 times lower than the activity of INH. It is well known that most MOTT species are more resistant to chemotherapeutic agents other than tubercle bacilli.The inhibitory activity of ISO was more to MOTT strains than Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.There was low bactericidal activity of ISO to MOTT strains, but better than for Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.
LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences, 2015
This study aims to determine the prevalence of infection of Candida species and its resistance to... more This study aims to determine the prevalence of infection of Candida species and its resistance to anti-fungal agents amongst children in Mumbai. Total 169 clinical isolates of Candida species from various clinical specimens namely blood, urine, stool; Cerebral spinal fluid, liver abscess, Endotracheal secretion and ventric tip were included in the study. They were screened and identified by staining, culture and microscopy, followed by isolation on specialized chromogenic agar. Antifungal susceptibility tests of these isolates were carried out against Amphotericin B (50mcg), Itraconazole (10mcg), Clotrimazole (10mcg), Ketoconazole (30mcg), Miconazole (30mcg), and Fluconazole (10mcg) and were reported based on CLSI guidelines (2008). The prevalence of Candida infections was found to be greater in males (69%) as compared to female (31%) children. In the age group of 0-5 years, the occurrence of Candida infection was substantially higher as compared to the others age group. Candida albicans was found to be the major causative agent of fungal infections. The susceptibility of isolates to antifungal agents was found to differ in male and female patients. Overall, highest resistance was observed to Fluconazole (27.1%) while, lowest resistance to Amphotericin B (28.7%). Males exhibited highest resistance to Fluconazole (27.1%) while, females showed highest resistance to Amphotericin B (28.7%). Higher resistance was found to the azole group of antifungal agents. Hence, Amphotericin B can be the choice of treatment of Candida infection in children followed by Miconazole.
Austin Journal of Clinical Pathology, 2017
Rickettsial diseases are generally classified under the causes of Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO)... more Rickettsial diseases are generally classified under the causes of Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO) and high prevalence of this disease is found in developing countries like India. Diagnosis in such cases is difficult because early sign and symptoms are non-specific and varied. Mortality may be as high as 30-40% if untreated. Weil Felix in one of the cheapest screening methods available for laboratory diagnosis of rickettsial diseases but the major drawback of this method is its less sensitivity. A prospective testing was carried out in clinical pathology department in Haffkine Institute as a routine testing for the patients who are advised for extended Widal test. These patients come from the various government hospitals, private hospitals and tertiary care centres. The serum samples from 1464 PUO cases which included patients of all age group and from both government and private hospitals, were subjected to Weil-Felix test (RK Diagnostics, Malad, Mumbai, India). The test was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Titers of ≥ 1:80 for OX K, OX 2 and OX 19 were considered significant. Of 1464 samples, rickettsial diseases were detected in 485 (33.13%) samples. Seropositivity was higher among male subjects 262 (54.02%) when compared with female subjects 223 (45.98%) Most of the positive cases were in 5-10 age group. Prevalence of rickettsial diseases 485 (33.13%) is significantly high, especially in children's and hence should be included in the differential diagnosis of PUO.
LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences
Mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MOTT) cause infections more commonly in the p... more Mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MOTT) cause infections more commonly in the presence of predisposing factors and underlying diseases. They are also notably resistant to commonly used antituberculosis drugs. Total 11 clinical isolates MOTT were included in the study. Drug susceptibility testing of these isolates was performed by Resistant Ratio method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) pattern of these isolates of MOTT to mycelia acid synthesis inhibitors namely, Isoxyl(ISO) and Isoniazid (INH) were determined by agar dilution and broth dilution method. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) pattern of these isolates to ISO and INH were also determined. Out of 11 MOTT isolates, 3 isolates were characterized as Mycobacteriumscrofulaceum, 3 isolates as Mycobacteriumfortuitum, 2 isolates as Mycobacteriumflavescens, 1 isolates as Mycobacterium terrae and 2 isolates as Mycobacteriumkansasi depending upon the results of biochemical tests. The MBC range of INH was found to be 0.025 to 6.4 µg/ml and of ISO was found to be 0.6 to 20 µg/ml. Bactericidal activity of ISO was 7.25 times lower than the activity of INH. It is well known that most MOTT species are more resistant to chemotherapeutic agents other than tubercle bacilli.The inhibitory activity of ISO was more to MOTT strains than Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.There was low bactericidal activity of ISO to MOTT strains, but better than for Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.