Haitham Awdeh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Haitham Awdeh
MedEdPublish, 2019
Objective An accelerated ultrasound education curriculum was designed specifically for second-yea... more Objective An accelerated ultrasound education curriculum was designed specifically for second-year medical students. Our goal was to effectively measure this teaching methodology and to assess the practicality of this concept. Materials and Methods After analyzing the existing ultrasound training for medical students, improvements were made to the existing curriculum for 2nd-year students that addressed the drawbacks in ultrasound education, including instrumentation, anatomy, and ultrasound-guided procedures. Prior to exposure to ultrasound education, all students participated in an anonymous quiz to determine and document their baseline knowledge. The ultrasound immersion week included; hands-on education and lectures. Students were divided into small groups with radiologists supervising ultrasound skills on standardized patients and intervention using phantom models. After the week-long exposure to radiology and ultrasound, students took a post-exposure assessment to evaluate their knowledge. Efficacy of the program was determined by comparing pre and post-exposure test results. Results Students from Cohort A and B had a 19% improvement, and Cohort C had a 39% improvement. Pre and Post immersion quiz analysis were validated with statistical testing with a p-value <0.01. A thorough analysis of all three years showed significant improvement among medical students. Conclusion The study proved that short, accelerated ultrasound education programs are effective in educating second-year medical students. By the standardized questionnaire, it also demonstrated that there is a significant impact in ultrasound knowledge among students through a week of focused education. Using homemade phantoms promoted
Journal of surgical oncology, Jan 6, 2018
Age and frailty have been correlated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer. Core muscle index (CM... more Age and frailty have been correlated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer. Core muscle index (CMI) and nutritional status are integral in assessing frailty. We explored the effect of pre-operative serum albumin and body composition on clinical outcomes in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We identified stage III-IV EOC patients undergoing primary cytoreductive surgery from 2007 to 2015. Data were abstracted from medical records. Body composition measurements were obtained from pre-operative imaging. Psoas muscle cross-sectional area was normalized to heightto determine CMI. Sarcopenia was defined as CMI below the population mean. The influence of sarcopenia on short-term morbidity was evaluated. Relationships among body composition measurements and albumin were assessed with Spearman correlations. Patient characteristics and body composition measurements between patients with and without sarcopenia were compared with parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. K...
Clinical Imaging, 2016
To compare a protocol with higher concentration macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA... more To compare a protocol with higher concentration macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) [study group] to the traditional protocol with lower-concentration linear GBCAs [control group] for breath-held arterial phase magnetic resonance imaging. Material and methods: A total of 136 patients were quantitatively evaluated for image quality (IQ), breathing artifacts (BA), and timing of the arterial phase (Tap). Quantitative analysis was also performed. Results: No significant differences in IQ, BA and Tap (PN.05). Study group exhibited less enhancement of the aorta (P=.0091) and smaller standard deviation for the portal vein enhancement (P=.0173). Conclusion: Similar arterial-phase image quality can be achieved with a macrocyclic GBCA compared to traditional linear GBCA.
Gynecologic Oncology, 2016
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2016
When faced with a concerning adnexal mass intraoperatively, frozen pathology can guide intraopera... more When faced with a concerning adnexal mass intraoperatively, frozen pathology can guide intraoperative management. Borderline tumors are challenging to diagnose with frozen section compared to other ovarian pathology. Little is known about the effects of intraoperative diagnosis of ovarian pathology on surgical decision-making. We aimed to determine the rate of discordance between intraoperative diagnosis of a borderline tumor and final pathology and the effect on surgical management. METHODS: All gynecologic surgical cases wherein frozen ovarian pathology was collected between 2004 and 2014 were reviewed. Cases with frozen pathology consistent with a borderline tumor were further evaluated. For cases of borderline diagnosis by frozen pathology, the false positive and negative rates, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the intraoperative diagnosis for ovarian frozen sections were determined. Impact on surgical management was investigated. RESULTS: 1139 cases were sent for frozen ovarian pathology; 50 were concerning for a borderline tumor by frozen pathology. Two cases diagnosed as borderline tumors by frozen pathology returned benign on final pathology with unneeded unilateral salpingo-oophorectomies. The false positive rate between frozen and final pathology for borderline tumors was 4% (2/50). The false negative rate was 12.3% (8/65). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of frozen ovarian pathology for borderline tumors was 77.1%, 92.2%, 93.0% and 98.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The false positive rate of intraoperative frozen and final pathology for borderline tumors is 4% in this study. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of intraoperative diagnosis on surgical management and reproductive health.
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology, 2015
ABSTRACT Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows the directional dependence of w... more ABSTRACT Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows the directional dependence of water diffusion to be studied. Analysis of the resulting image data allows for the determination of fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), as well as allowing three-dimensional visualization of the fiber tract (tractography). We visualized the ulnar nerve of ten healthy volunteers with DTI. We found FA to be 0.752 ± 0.067 and the ADC to be 0.96 ± 0.13 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s. A nuts-and-bolts description of the physical aspects of DTI is provided as an educational process for readers.
World Journal of Surgery, 2015
Background Major surgeries are associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Current pre... more Background Major surgeries are associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Current preoperative evaluation fails to identify patients at increased risk of postoperative complications. This study is aimed to determine whether the Short Form-36 health survey (SF-36) and the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) are useful predictors of postoperative complications after major surgery. Methods All patients scheduled to undergo major surgery were eligible for the study. Major surgeries include patients undergoing thoracotomy, sternotomy, or upper abdominal laparotomy. The SF-36 health survey and 6-MWT were administered prior to surgery. Spirometry and other preoperative testing, ordered by the surgeon, like echocardiography were included in the study. Patients were then followed-up for postoperative complications for 30 days. Results One-hundred and seventeen subjects undergoing major surgery were recruited to the study. The mean age was 58 years and 66 (56.4 %) were male. Physical Functioning as a component of the SF-36 positively correlated with decreased length of hospital stay (LOS). The 6-MWT had a negative correlation with LOS (p \ 0.0001) and with severity of postoperative complications (p \ 0.0001). Spirometry and echocardiography did not correlate with LOS or grade of complications. Conclusions SF-36 (Physical Functioning) and 6-MWT are useful indicators for predicting postoperative complications and LOS. Condensed abstract Patients undergoing major surgery answered SF-36 and performed 6-MWT. Physical Functioning as a component of the SF-36 correlated with LOS. The 6-MWT had a negative correlation with LOS and with complication grade. SF-36 and 6-MWT are useful predictors of postoperative complications.
Shock, 2009
Evidence suggests that activated protein C (APC) attenuates acute lung injury (ALI) through antit... more Evidence suggests that activated protein C (APC) attenuates acute lung injury (ALI) through antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of APC on ALI in adult rats exposed to hyperoxic environment. Rats were divided into control, hyperoxia, hyperoxia + APC, and APC. Hyperoxia and hyperoxia + APC were exposed to 1, 3, and 5 days of hyperoxia. Hyperoxia + APC and APC were injected with APC (5 mg/kg, i.p.) every 12 h. Control and hyperoxia received isotonic sodium chloride solution injection. Measurement of wet to dry ratio and albumin leak demonstrated significant improvement in hyperoxia + APC when compared with hyperoxia. Apoptosis, as measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, was significantly reduced in hyperoxia + APC when compared with hyperoxia. Histological evaluation of lung sections showed significant reduction in inflammation, edema, and in the number of marginating neutrophils in hyperoxia + APC as compared with hyperoxia. Transcriptional expression of lung inflammatory mediators demonstrated a time-dependent surge in the levels TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in response to hyperoxia that was attenuated with APC administration in the presence of hyperoxia. In this rat model, APC attenuates lung injury and the expression of inflammatory mediators in ALI secondary to hyperoxia.
Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 2011
sonographic criteria of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in the patients with multiple ... more sonographic criteria of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in the patients with multiple sclerosis. Int Angiol 2010; 29: 109-114.
Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 2010
Background: Extracranial venous stenosis (EVS) has recently been implicated as the primary cause ... more Background: Extracranial venous stenosis (EVS) has recently been implicated as the primary cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of EVS in MS patients. Methods: We performed selective extracranial venography on 42 patients with early MS (EMS): clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or relapsing—remitting MS (RRMS) of less than 5 years duration, and late MS (LMS): RRMS of more than 10 years duration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical relapse data were reviewed for all patients with EVS. Results: EVS was present in 7/29 patients with EMS and 12/13 patients with LMS, a highly significant statistical difference ( p< 0.001). Only 3/42 patients (all in the LMS group) had two vessel stenoses, while the rest had only one vessel involved. EVS was seen in 1/11 patients with CIS compared with 6/18 RRMS patients of less than 5 years duration. Disease duration was greater in patients with EVS overall ( p < 0.005). LMS remai...
European radiology, Jan 10, 2016
Accurate diagnosis and prompt therapy of musculoskeletal infections are important prognostic fact... more Accurate diagnosis and prompt therapy of musculoskeletal infections are important prognostic factors. In most cases, clinical history, examination and laboratory findings help one make the diagnosis, and routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful to identify the extent of the disease process. However, in many situations, a routine MRI may not be specific enough especially if the patient cannot receive contrast intravenously, thereby delaying the appropriate treatment. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can help in many such situations by providing additional information, accurate characterization and defining the extent of the disease, so that prompt treatment can be initiated. In this article, we illustrate the imaging findings of the spectrum of musculoskeletal infections, emphasizing the role of DWI in this domain. • Abscess in background cellulitis is detected on DWI. • Infectious tenosynovitis shows diffusion restriction as compared to mechanical tenosynovitis. • Pyomyosi...
World Journal of Surgery, 2015
Major surgeries are associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Current preoperative e... more Major surgeries are associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Current preoperative evaluation fails to identify patients at increased risk of postoperative complications. This study is aimed to determine whether the Short Form-36 health survey (SF-36) and the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) are useful predictors of postoperative complications after major surgery. All patients scheduled to undergo major surgery were eligible for the study. Major surgeries include patients undergoing thoracotomy, sternotomy, or upper abdominal laparotomy. The SF-36 health survey and 6-MWT were administered prior to surgery. Spirometry and other preoperative testing, ordered by the surgeon, like echocardiography were included in the study. Patients were then followed-up for postoperative complications for 30 days. One-hundred and seventeen subjects undergoing major surgery were recruited to the study. The mean age was 58 years and 66 (56.4 %) were male. Physical Functioning as a component of the SF-36 positively correlated with decreased length of hospital stay (LOS). The 6-MWT had a negative correlation with LOS (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.0001) and with severity of postoperative complications (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.0001). Spirometry and echocardiography did not correlate with LOS or grade of complications. SF-36 (Physical Functioning) and 6-MWT are useful indicators for predicting postoperative complications and LOS. Patients undergoing major surgery answered SF-36 and performed 6-MWT. Physical Functioning as a component of the SF-36 correlated with LOS. The 6-MWT had a negative correlation with LOS and with complication grade. SF-36 and 6-MWT are useful predictors of postoperative complications.
MedEdPublish, 2019
Objective An accelerated ultrasound education curriculum was designed specifically for second-yea... more Objective An accelerated ultrasound education curriculum was designed specifically for second-year medical students. Our goal was to effectively measure this teaching methodology and to assess the practicality of this concept. Materials and Methods After analyzing the existing ultrasound training for medical students, improvements were made to the existing curriculum for 2nd-year students that addressed the drawbacks in ultrasound education, including instrumentation, anatomy, and ultrasound-guided procedures. Prior to exposure to ultrasound education, all students participated in an anonymous quiz to determine and document their baseline knowledge. The ultrasound immersion week included; hands-on education and lectures. Students were divided into small groups with radiologists supervising ultrasound skills on standardized patients and intervention using phantom models. After the week-long exposure to radiology and ultrasound, students took a post-exposure assessment to evaluate their knowledge. Efficacy of the program was determined by comparing pre and post-exposure test results. Results Students from Cohort A and B had a 19% improvement, and Cohort C had a 39% improvement. Pre and Post immersion quiz analysis were validated with statistical testing with a p-value <0.01. A thorough analysis of all three years showed significant improvement among medical students. Conclusion The study proved that short, accelerated ultrasound education programs are effective in educating second-year medical students. By the standardized questionnaire, it also demonstrated that there is a significant impact in ultrasound knowledge among students through a week of focused education. Using homemade phantoms promoted
Journal of surgical oncology, Jan 6, 2018
Age and frailty have been correlated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer. Core muscle index (CM... more Age and frailty have been correlated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer. Core muscle index (CMI) and nutritional status are integral in assessing frailty. We explored the effect of pre-operative serum albumin and body composition on clinical outcomes in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We identified stage III-IV EOC patients undergoing primary cytoreductive surgery from 2007 to 2015. Data were abstracted from medical records. Body composition measurements were obtained from pre-operative imaging. Psoas muscle cross-sectional area was normalized to heightto determine CMI. Sarcopenia was defined as CMI below the population mean. The influence of sarcopenia on short-term morbidity was evaluated. Relationships among body composition measurements and albumin were assessed with Spearman correlations. Patient characteristics and body composition measurements between patients with and without sarcopenia were compared with parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. K...
Clinical Imaging, 2016
To compare a protocol with higher concentration macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA... more To compare a protocol with higher concentration macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) [study group] to the traditional protocol with lower-concentration linear GBCAs [control group] for breath-held arterial phase magnetic resonance imaging. Material and methods: A total of 136 patients were quantitatively evaluated for image quality (IQ), breathing artifacts (BA), and timing of the arterial phase (Tap). Quantitative analysis was also performed. Results: No significant differences in IQ, BA and Tap (PN.05). Study group exhibited less enhancement of the aorta (P=.0091) and smaller standard deviation for the portal vein enhancement (P=.0173). Conclusion: Similar arterial-phase image quality can be achieved with a macrocyclic GBCA compared to traditional linear GBCA.
Gynecologic Oncology, 2016
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2016
When faced with a concerning adnexal mass intraoperatively, frozen pathology can guide intraopera... more When faced with a concerning adnexal mass intraoperatively, frozen pathology can guide intraoperative management. Borderline tumors are challenging to diagnose with frozen section compared to other ovarian pathology. Little is known about the effects of intraoperative diagnosis of ovarian pathology on surgical decision-making. We aimed to determine the rate of discordance between intraoperative diagnosis of a borderline tumor and final pathology and the effect on surgical management. METHODS: All gynecologic surgical cases wherein frozen ovarian pathology was collected between 2004 and 2014 were reviewed. Cases with frozen pathology consistent with a borderline tumor were further evaluated. For cases of borderline diagnosis by frozen pathology, the false positive and negative rates, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the intraoperative diagnosis for ovarian frozen sections were determined. Impact on surgical management was investigated. RESULTS: 1139 cases were sent for frozen ovarian pathology; 50 were concerning for a borderline tumor by frozen pathology. Two cases diagnosed as borderline tumors by frozen pathology returned benign on final pathology with unneeded unilateral salpingo-oophorectomies. The false positive rate between frozen and final pathology for borderline tumors was 4% (2/50). The false negative rate was 12.3% (8/65). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of frozen ovarian pathology for borderline tumors was 77.1%, 92.2%, 93.0% and 98.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The false positive rate of intraoperative frozen and final pathology for borderline tumors is 4% in this study. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of intraoperative diagnosis on surgical management and reproductive health.
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology, 2015
ABSTRACT Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows the directional dependence of w... more ABSTRACT Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows the directional dependence of water diffusion to be studied. Analysis of the resulting image data allows for the determination of fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), as well as allowing three-dimensional visualization of the fiber tract (tractography). We visualized the ulnar nerve of ten healthy volunteers with DTI. We found FA to be 0.752 ± 0.067 and the ADC to be 0.96 ± 0.13 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s. A nuts-and-bolts description of the physical aspects of DTI is provided as an educational process for readers.
World Journal of Surgery, 2015
Background Major surgeries are associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Current pre... more Background Major surgeries are associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Current preoperative evaluation fails to identify patients at increased risk of postoperative complications. This study is aimed to determine whether the Short Form-36 health survey (SF-36) and the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) are useful predictors of postoperative complications after major surgery. Methods All patients scheduled to undergo major surgery were eligible for the study. Major surgeries include patients undergoing thoracotomy, sternotomy, or upper abdominal laparotomy. The SF-36 health survey and 6-MWT were administered prior to surgery. Spirometry and other preoperative testing, ordered by the surgeon, like echocardiography were included in the study. Patients were then followed-up for postoperative complications for 30 days. Results One-hundred and seventeen subjects undergoing major surgery were recruited to the study. The mean age was 58 years and 66 (56.4 %) were male. Physical Functioning as a component of the SF-36 positively correlated with decreased length of hospital stay (LOS). The 6-MWT had a negative correlation with LOS (p \ 0.0001) and with severity of postoperative complications (p \ 0.0001). Spirometry and echocardiography did not correlate with LOS or grade of complications. Conclusions SF-36 (Physical Functioning) and 6-MWT are useful indicators for predicting postoperative complications and LOS. Condensed abstract Patients undergoing major surgery answered SF-36 and performed 6-MWT. Physical Functioning as a component of the SF-36 correlated with LOS. The 6-MWT had a negative correlation with LOS and with complication grade. SF-36 and 6-MWT are useful predictors of postoperative complications.
Shock, 2009
Evidence suggests that activated protein C (APC) attenuates acute lung injury (ALI) through antit... more Evidence suggests that activated protein C (APC) attenuates acute lung injury (ALI) through antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of APC on ALI in adult rats exposed to hyperoxic environment. Rats were divided into control, hyperoxia, hyperoxia + APC, and APC. Hyperoxia and hyperoxia + APC were exposed to 1, 3, and 5 days of hyperoxia. Hyperoxia + APC and APC were injected with APC (5 mg/kg, i.p.) every 12 h. Control and hyperoxia received isotonic sodium chloride solution injection. Measurement of wet to dry ratio and albumin leak demonstrated significant improvement in hyperoxia + APC when compared with hyperoxia. Apoptosis, as measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, was significantly reduced in hyperoxia + APC when compared with hyperoxia. Histological evaluation of lung sections showed significant reduction in inflammation, edema, and in the number of marginating neutrophils in hyperoxia + APC as compared with hyperoxia. Transcriptional expression of lung inflammatory mediators demonstrated a time-dependent surge in the levels TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in response to hyperoxia that was attenuated with APC administration in the presence of hyperoxia. In this rat model, APC attenuates lung injury and the expression of inflammatory mediators in ALI secondary to hyperoxia.
Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 2011
sonographic criteria of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in the patients with multiple ... more sonographic criteria of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in the patients with multiple sclerosis. Int Angiol 2010; 29: 109-114.
Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 2010
Background: Extracranial venous stenosis (EVS) has recently been implicated as the primary cause ... more Background: Extracranial venous stenosis (EVS) has recently been implicated as the primary cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of EVS in MS patients. Methods: We performed selective extracranial venography on 42 patients with early MS (EMS): clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or relapsing—remitting MS (RRMS) of less than 5 years duration, and late MS (LMS): RRMS of more than 10 years duration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical relapse data were reviewed for all patients with EVS. Results: EVS was present in 7/29 patients with EMS and 12/13 patients with LMS, a highly significant statistical difference ( p< 0.001). Only 3/42 patients (all in the LMS group) had two vessel stenoses, while the rest had only one vessel involved. EVS was seen in 1/11 patients with CIS compared with 6/18 RRMS patients of less than 5 years duration. Disease duration was greater in patients with EVS overall ( p < 0.005). LMS remai...
European radiology, Jan 10, 2016
Accurate diagnosis and prompt therapy of musculoskeletal infections are important prognostic fact... more Accurate diagnosis and prompt therapy of musculoskeletal infections are important prognostic factors. In most cases, clinical history, examination and laboratory findings help one make the diagnosis, and routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful to identify the extent of the disease process. However, in many situations, a routine MRI may not be specific enough especially if the patient cannot receive contrast intravenously, thereby delaying the appropriate treatment. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can help in many such situations by providing additional information, accurate characterization and defining the extent of the disease, so that prompt treatment can be initiated. In this article, we illustrate the imaging findings of the spectrum of musculoskeletal infections, emphasizing the role of DWI in this domain. • Abscess in background cellulitis is detected on DWI. • Infectious tenosynovitis shows diffusion restriction as compared to mechanical tenosynovitis. • Pyomyosi...
World Journal of Surgery, 2015
Major surgeries are associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Current preoperative e... more Major surgeries are associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Current preoperative evaluation fails to identify patients at increased risk of postoperative complications. This study is aimed to determine whether the Short Form-36 health survey (SF-36) and the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) are useful predictors of postoperative complications after major surgery. All patients scheduled to undergo major surgery were eligible for the study. Major surgeries include patients undergoing thoracotomy, sternotomy, or upper abdominal laparotomy. The SF-36 health survey and 6-MWT were administered prior to surgery. Spirometry and other preoperative testing, ordered by the surgeon, like echocardiography were included in the study. Patients were then followed-up for postoperative complications for 30 days. One-hundred and seventeen subjects undergoing major surgery were recruited to the study. The mean age was 58 years and 66 (56.4 %) were male. Physical Functioning as a component of the SF-36 positively correlated with decreased length of hospital stay (LOS). The 6-MWT had a negative correlation with LOS (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.0001) and with severity of postoperative complications (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.0001). Spirometry and echocardiography did not correlate with LOS or grade of complications. SF-36 (Physical Functioning) and 6-MWT are useful indicators for predicting postoperative complications and LOS. Patients undergoing major surgery answered SF-36 and performed 6-MWT. Physical Functioning as a component of the SF-36 correlated with LOS. The 6-MWT had a negative correlation with LOS and with complication grade. SF-36 and 6-MWT are useful predictors of postoperative complications.