Souad Hajjaji - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Souad Hajjaji

Journal of Molecular Structure

Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2021

The environmental pollution caused by organic molecules as Tetracyclines and Oxytetracyclines pre... more The environmental pollution caused by organic molecules as Tetracyclines and Oxytetracyclines presents a foremost concern, as high levels of these antibiotics when released into the ecosystem are a...

Journal of Molecular Structure, 2022

Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition), 2021

The presence of trace metals in urban agriculture is considered as a major factor for ecological ... more The presence of trace metals in urban agriculture is considered as a major factor for ecological risk. The aim of this research was to determine the concentrations of metals in market garden soils in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon, in order to assess the degree of soil pollution and evaluate potential ecological risks. Fortyfive composite soil samples were taken from three market garden sites in Yaoundé. Trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The geochemical background threshold values for trace metal contents were determined and the multielement indices of pollution and ecological risk were calculated. The results showed that concentrations of selected metals in soil varied considerably from one element to another ranging from very high to low levels: Mn > Cu > Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. The median valuesof Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn were below the geochemical background threshold values. For the Ni and Pb metals, the median values were higher than those of the geochemical background threshold values. The Nemerow Pollution Index (NPI) indicated that 60% of the samples had a significantly high level of pollution. However, the Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) indicated that only 16% showed a very strong ecological risk. This study can be used as a

intensive use of pesticides in modern agriculture has led to serious problems in the quality of s... more intensive use of pesticides in modern agriculture has led to serious problems in the quality of superficial or underground water, which led to the development of diseases and destruction of fauna and flora. Water pollution by these pesticides is a reality more and more present in Morocco that requires control and elimination of these compounds in the aqueous medium. Therefore, it is important to take interest in their ability to be degraded and the degradation pathway. Pesticides are only partially degraded in the field and transformation products are formed which can also be found in groundwater or rivers. The downside of partial degradation is that transformation products are often more mobile than their parent compound, can be more persistent and even more toxic; inducing the increase of total contamination. In this study, we focused on fenamiphos as pesticide. This product belongs to the chemical family of organophosphates and it is widely used as an insecticide and nematicide o...

Field measurements were conducted to determine aerosol chemical composition at a newly establishe... more Field measurements were conducted to determine aerosol chemical composition at a newly established remote high-altitude site in North Africa at the Atlas Mohammed V (AMV) atmospheric observatory located in the Middle Atlas Mountains. The main objectives of the present work are to investigate the variations in the aerosol composition and better assess global and regional changes in atmospheric composition in North Africa. A total of 200 particulate matter (PM 10) filter samples were collected at the site using a high-volume (HV) collector in a 12 h sampling interval from August to December 2017. The chemical composition of the samples was analyzed for trace metals, water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC/EC), aliphatic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents. The results indicate that high-altitude aerosol composition is influenced by both regional and transregional transport of emissions. However, local sources play an important role, especially during low wind speed periods, as observed for November and December. During background conditions characterized by low wind speeds (avg. 3 m s −1) and mass concentrations in the range from 9.8 to 12 µg m −3 , the chemical composition is found to be dominated by inorganic elements, mainly suspended dust (61 %) and ionic species (7 %), followed by organic matter (7 %), water content (12 %), and unidentified mass (11 %). Despite the proximity of the site to the Sahara, its influence on the atmospheric composition at this high-altitude site was mainly seasonal and accounted for only 22 % of the sampling duration. Biogenic organics contributed up to 7 % of the organic matter with high contributions from compounds such as heneicosane, hentriacontane, and nonacosane. The AMV site is dominated by four main air mass inflows, which often leads to different aerosol chemical compositions. Mineral dust influence was seasonal and ranged between 21 % and 74 % of the PM mass, with peaks observed during the summer, and was accompanied by high concentrations of SO 2− 4 of up to 3.0 µg m −3. During winter, PM 10 concentrations are low (<30 µg m −3), the influence of the desert is weaker, and the marine air masses (64 %) are more dominant with a mixture of sea salt and polluted aerosol from the coastal regions (Rabat and Casablanca). During the daytime, mineral dust contribution to PM increased by about 42 % because of road dust resuspension. In contrast, during nighttime, an increase in the concentrations of alkanes, PAHs, alkane-2-ones, and anthropogenic metals such as Pb, Ni, and Cu was found due to variations in the boundary layer height. The results provide the first detailed seasonal and diurnal variation of the aerosol chemical composition, which is valuable for long-term assessment of climate and regional influence of air pollution in North Africa.

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 2021

Surfaces and Interfaces, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Safety and Health at Work, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2018

This study was made to determine the pollution status and potential ecological risk of heavy meta... more This study was made to determine the pollution status and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediment of Persian Gulf. Surface sediments were collected seasonally by Peterson grab, and the concentrations of heavy metals were measured by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The range concentrations obtained in mg/kg were 10,800-22,400 for Fe, 5.32-10.12 for Pb, 24.63-42.38 for Ni, 22.52-39.46 for Cu, and 31.64-47.20 for Cr. The concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cu, and Cr have been found lower than the Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines and probable effect level values suggesting that heavy metal contents in sediments from area of study would not be expected to cause adverse biological effects on the biota. The obtained enrichment factor values for various metals were between minimal enrichment (Pb D 0.5) and extremely enrichment (Cu D 3.11). The values of I geo for Pb, Ni, Cu, and Cr were characterized under no pollution (0). The highest value of potential ecological risk index (RI) (8.36) was observed at St. 4 while the lowest value (5.25) was detected at station 6. Based on potential ecological RI, the Persian Gulf had low ecological risk.

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry, 2019

Leachate generated by urban waste is one of the significant constraints of landfill management. B... more Leachate generated by urban waste is one of the significant constraints of landfill management. Because of their pollutant load, it poses a threat to the environment and human health. It is, therefore, imperative to contribute to its elimination. This work consists in proposing a reliable and feasible solution based on an integrated research and development approach that respects the concept of 3R (reduction, recycling and reuse). The solution is to use leachate instead of water in the composting process of the organic fraction of household waste. A platform was built on the site of the Mohammedia landfill, located near the city of Rabat, the Moroccan capital, to conduct an experimental study on 30 tons of household and similar waste (HAW). The sorting operation allowed to separate the fermentable fraction of 58.26%. Leachate stored on-site was used for composting. The results found that the composting process caused the consumption of about 8.1 m3 of leachate and the production of ...

Synthetic dyes are added to food and drinks to restore original appearance when color is affected... more Synthetic dyes are added to food and drinks to restore original appearance when color is affected by their processing, storage, packaging and distribution. Furthermore colors are used to make food more visually attractive to Consumers. (Bonan and al, 2013) The determination of food dyes byHhigh Performance Liquid Chromatography UV detector diode array (HPLC -DAD ) allows the simultaneous determination in a single pass , identification and quantification of eleven synthetic food colors authorized by Moroccan and international regulation (EU Directive 1994/36/CE )( Figure 1). The analytical protocol includes a easy preprocessing procedure for the extraction of colors in foods . It offer an excellent combination of sensitivity and selectivity , simplicity and analysis time equal to 45 min , with relatively short quantification limits respectively ( 0.03 ppm and 0.09 ppm ) obtained by Canadian validation method (CENTRE D‟EXPERTISE EN ANALYSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE DU QUÉBEC, 2009). Compared t...

The 3-amino 1, 2,4-triazol, refereed as (ATA), was tested as inhibitor for differentmaterials (co... more The 3-amino 1, 2,4-triazol, refereed as (ATA), was tested as inhibitor for differentmaterials (copper, iron and bronze) corrosion in urban-marine solutions by electrochemical polarization methods and weight loss measurement. Results obtained in this study reveal thatATAis a good inhibitor and the potentiodynamic polarization studies clearly show thatATAis a mixedtype inhibitor for bronze, cathodic inhibitor for iron and anodic inhibitor for copper. The inhibition efficiency of ATA increases with the increase of inhibitor concentration and reaches an optimumvalue (up to 90%) at 10-2Min urban-marine solution for the different substrates. The SEM-EDS analysis of the protective layer of ATA after corrosion experiments shows that the inhibitor preventsmetal corrosion by the formation of a protective layer and the adsorption of the inhibitor on the surface.

Iron hydroxide (III) synthesized and applied to remove the As (III) and As (V). The optimum pH on... more Iron hydroxide (III) synthesized and applied to remove the As (III) and As (V). The optimum pH on the adsorption is between pH 4 and pH 9. Experiments were performed to study the effect of pH and the contact time (T) on the Co precipitation-sorption of Arsenic (III) and Iron (III) Hydroxides. Several co-precipitation experiments are performed with 120 mg of iron (III), from solutions having a pH ranging from about 4.7 and 9, at time 240 min. In this study, the adsorption of the arsenic (III) on the surface of iron hydroxide (III) is examined by adopting surface complexation model, This model successfully used to describe the adsorption of iron on the metal oxides suppose that this phenomenon occurs through an inner-sphere legend exchange mechanisms with surface functional group (≡ FeOH). The results of the study show that the co-precipitation of arsenic (III) with Fe (OH)3 was more dependent on the concentration of iron and H + ions. Complexation in a monodentate area was more impor...

Solid State Ionics, 1999

The electrical properties of Ca M (PO) (SO) F apatite structure where M 5 Na, Li using the comple... more The electrical properties of Ca M (PO) (SO) F apatite structure where M 5 Na, Li using the complex impedance 102x x 4 62x 4 x 2 method allows us to demonstrate the mixed ionic conduction (anionic and cationic). This effect can be assigned to the three-dimensional character of the diffusion process in these materials. The present study proves several factors are responsible for the diffusion processes particularly the cationic site nature, the size and the polarisability of cations introduced in the system.

Journal of Molecular Structure

Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2021

The environmental pollution caused by organic molecules as Tetracyclines and Oxytetracyclines pre... more The environmental pollution caused by organic molecules as Tetracyclines and Oxytetracyclines presents a foremost concern, as high levels of these antibiotics when released into the ecosystem are a...

Journal of Molecular Structure

Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2021

The environmental pollution caused by organic molecules as Tetracyclines and Oxytetracyclines pre... more The environmental pollution caused by organic molecules as Tetracyclines and Oxytetracyclines presents a foremost concern, as high levels of these antibiotics when released into the ecosystem are a...

Journal of Molecular Structure, 2022

Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition), 2021

The presence of trace metals in urban agriculture is considered as a major factor for ecological ... more The presence of trace metals in urban agriculture is considered as a major factor for ecological risk. The aim of this research was to determine the concentrations of metals in market garden soils in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon, in order to assess the degree of soil pollution and evaluate potential ecological risks. Fortyfive composite soil samples were taken from three market garden sites in Yaoundé. Trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The geochemical background threshold values for trace metal contents were determined and the multielement indices of pollution and ecological risk were calculated. The results showed that concentrations of selected metals in soil varied considerably from one element to another ranging from very high to low levels: Mn > Cu > Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. The median valuesof Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn were below the geochemical background threshold values. For the Ni and Pb metals, the median values were higher than those of the geochemical background threshold values. The Nemerow Pollution Index (NPI) indicated that 60% of the samples had a significantly high level of pollution. However, the Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) indicated that only 16% showed a very strong ecological risk. This study can be used as a

intensive use of pesticides in modern agriculture has led to serious problems in the quality of s... more intensive use of pesticides in modern agriculture has led to serious problems in the quality of superficial or underground water, which led to the development of diseases and destruction of fauna and flora. Water pollution by these pesticides is a reality more and more present in Morocco that requires control and elimination of these compounds in the aqueous medium. Therefore, it is important to take interest in their ability to be degraded and the degradation pathway. Pesticides are only partially degraded in the field and transformation products are formed which can also be found in groundwater or rivers. The downside of partial degradation is that transformation products are often more mobile than their parent compound, can be more persistent and even more toxic; inducing the increase of total contamination. In this study, we focused on fenamiphos as pesticide. This product belongs to the chemical family of organophosphates and it is widely used as an insecticide and nematicide o...

Field measurements were conducted to determine aerosol chemical composition at a newly establishe... more Field measurements were conducted to determine aerosol chemical composition at a newly established remote high-altitude site in North Africa at the Atlas Mohammed V (AMV) atmospheric observatory located in the Middle Atlas Mountains. The main objectives of the present work are to investigate the variations in the aerosol composition and better assess global and regional changes in atmospheric composition in North Africa. A total of 200 particulate matter (PM 10) filter samples were collected at the site using a high-volume (HV) collector in a 12 h sampling interval from August to December 2017. The chemical composition of the samples was analyzed for trace metals, water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC/EC), aliphatic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents. The results indicate that high-altitude aerosol composition is influenced by both regional and transregional transport of emissions. However, local sources play an important role, especially during low wind speed periods, as observed for November and December. During background conditions characterized by low wind speeds (avg. 3 m s −1) and mass concentrations in the range from 9.8 to 12 µg m −3 , the chemical composition is found to be dominated by inorganic elements, mainly suspended dust (61 %) and ionic species (7 %), followed by organic matter (7 %), water content (12 %), and unidentified mass (11 %). Despite the proximity of the site to the Sahara, its influence on the atmospheric composition at this high-altitude site was mainly seasonal and accounted for only 22 % of the sampling duration. Biogenic organics contributed up to 7 % of the organic matter with high contributions from compounds such as heneicosane, hentriacontane, and nonacosane. The AMV site is dominated by four main air mass inflows, which often leads to different aerosol chemical compositions. Mineral dust influence was seasonal and ranged between 21 % and 74 % of the PM mass, with peaks observed during the summer, and was accompanied by high concentrations of SO 2− 4 of up to 3.0 µg m −3. During winter, PM 10 concentrations are low (<30 µg m −3), the influence of the desert is weaker, and the marine air masses (64 %) are more dominant with a mixture of sea salt and polluted aerosol from the coastal regions (Rabat and Casablanca). During the daytime, mineral dust contribution to PM increased by about 42 % because of road dust resuspension. In contrast, during nighttime, an increase in the concentrations of alkanes, PAHs, alkane-2-ones, and anthropogenic metals such as Pb, Ni, and Cu was found due to variations in the boundary layer height. The results provide the first detailed seasonal and diurnal variation of the aerosol chemical composition, which is valuable for long-term assessment of climate and regional influence of air pollution in North Africa.

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 2021

Surfaces and Interfaces, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Safety and Health at Work, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2018

This study was made to determine the pollution status and potential ecological risk of heavy meta... more This study was made to determine the pollution status and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediment of Persian Gulf. Surface sediments were collected seasonally by Peterson grab, and the concentrations of heavy metals were measured by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The range concentrations obtained in mg/kg were 10,800-22,400 for Fe, 5.32-10.12 for Pb, 24.63-42.38 for Ni, 22.52-39.46 for Cu, and 31.64-47.20 for Cr. The concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cu, and Cr have been found lower than the Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines and probable effect level values suggesting that heavy metal contents in sediments from area of study would not be expected to cause adverse biological effects on the biota. The obtained enrichment factor values for various metals were between minimal enrichment (Pb D 0.5) and extremely enrichment (Cu D 3.11). The values of I geo for Pb, Ni, Cu, and Cr were characterized under no pollution (0). The highest value of potential ecological risk index (RI) (8.36) was observed at St. 4 while the lowest value (5.25) was detected at station 6. Based on potential ecological RI, the Persian Gulf had low ecological risk.

Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry, 2019

Leachate generated by urban waste is one of the significant constraints of landfill management. B... more Leachate generated by urban waste is one of the significant constraints of landfill management. Because of their pollutant load, it poses a threat to the environment and human health. It is, therefore, imperative to contribute to its elimination. This work consists in proposing a reliable and feasible solution based on an integrated research and development approach that respects the concept of 3R (reduction, recycling and reuse). The solution is to use leachate instead of water in the composting process of the organic fraction of household waste. A platform was built on the site of the Mohammedia landfill, located near the city of Rabat, the Moroccan capital, to conduct an experimental study on 30 tons of household and similar waste (HAW). The sorting operation allowed to separate the fermentable fraction of 58.26%. Leachate stored on-site was used for composting. The results found that the composting process caused the consumption of about 8.1 m3 of leachate and the production of ...

Synthetic dyes are added to food and drinks to restore original appearance when color is affected... more Synthetic dyes are added to food and drinks to restore original appearance when color is affected by their processing, storage, packaging and distribution. Furthermore colors are used to make food more visually attractive to Consumers. (Bonan and al, 2013) The determination of food dyes byHhigh Performance Liquid Chromatography UV detector diode array (HPLC -DAD ) allows the simultaneous determination in a single pass , identification and quantification of eleven synthetic food colors authorized by Moroccan and international regulation (EU Directive 1994/36/CE )( Figure 1). The analytical protocol includes a easy preprocessing procedure for the extraction of colors in foods . It offer an excellent combination of sensitivity and selectivity , simplicity and analysis time equal to 45 min , with relatively short quantification limits respectively ( 0.03 ppm and 0.09 ppm ) obtained by Canadian validation method (CENTRE D‟EXPERTISE EN ANALYSE ENVIRONNEMENTALE DU QUÉBEC, 2009). Compared t...

The 3-amino 1, 2,4-triazol, refereed as (ATA), was tested as inhibitor for differentmaterials (co... more The 3-amino 1, 2,4-triazol, refereed as (ATA), was tested as inhibitor for differentmaterials (copper, iron and bronze) corrosion in urban-marine solutions by electrochemical polarization methods and weight loss measurement. Results obtained in this study reveal thatATAis a good inhibitor and the potentiodynamic polarization studies clearly show thatATAis a mixedtype inhibitor for bronze, cathodic inhibitor for iron and anodic inhibitor for copper. The inhibition efficiency of ATA increases with the increase of inhibitor concentration and reaches an optimumvalue (up to 90%) at 10-2Min urban-marine solution for the different substrates. The SEM-EDS analysis of the protective layer of ATA after corrosion experiments shows that the inhibitor preventsmetal corrosion by the formation of a protective layer and the adsorption of the inhibitor on the surface.

Iron hydroxide (III) synthesized and applied to remove the As (III) and As (V). The optimum pH on... more Iron hydroxide (III) synthesized and applied to remove the As (III) and As (V). The optimum pH on the adsorption is between pH 4 and pH 9. Experiments were performed to study the effect of pH and the contact time (T) on the Co precipitation-sorption of Arsenic (III) and Iron (III) Hydroxides. Several co-precipitation experiments are performed with 120 mg of iron (III), from solutions having a pH ranging from about 4.7 and 9, at time 240 min. In this study, the adsorption of the arsenic (III) on the surface of iron hydroxide (III) is examined by adopting surface complexation model, This model successfully used to describe the adsorption of iron on the metal oxides suppose that this phenomenon occurs through an inner-sphere legend exchange mechanisms with surface functional group (≡ FeOH). The results of the study show that the co-precipitation of arsenic (III) with Fe (OH)3 was more dependent on the concentration of iron and H + ions. Complexation in a monodentate area was more impor...

Solid State Ionics, 1999

The electrical properties of Ca M (PO) (SO) F apatite structure where M 5 Na, Li using the comple... more The electrical properties of Ca M (PO) (SO) F apatite structure where M 5 Na, Li using the complex impedance 102x x 4 62x 4 x 2 method allows us to demonstrate the mixed ionic conduction (anionic and cationic). This effect can be assigned to the three-dimensional character of the diffusion process in these materials. The present study proves several factors are responsible for the diffusion processes particularly the cationic site nature, the size and the polarisability of cations introduced in the system.

Journal of Molecular Structure

Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2021

The environmental pollution caused by organic molecules as Tetracyclines and Oxytetracyclines pre... more The environmental pollution caused by organic molecules as Tetracyclines and Oxytetracyclines presents a foremost concern, as high levels of these antibiotics when released into the ecosystem are a...