Hala Abdelmegeed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hala Abdelmegeed

2023 IEEE IAS Global Conference on Renewable Energy and Hydrogen Technologies (GlobConHT)

Metrologia, 2022

Main text AFRIMETS.EM-S1 supplementary comparison on resistance standards at 1 Ω, 10 Ω, 100 Ω, 1 ... more Main text AFRIMETS.EM-S1 supplementary comparison on resistance standards at 1 Ω, 10 Ω, 100 Ω, 1 kΩ and 10 kΩ commenced November 2015 and ended June 2018. The comparison approved by AFRIMETS technical committee for Electricity and Magnetism (TC-EM) and Consultative Committee for Electricity and Magnetism (CCEM). Seven National Metrology Institutes participated including National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA)the pilot laboratory. The primary objective of the comparison is aimed to underpin and strengthen the capabilities of the National Metrology Institutes and establish the degree of equivalence and comparability. The results of the participants are found to be equivalent, comparable and in agreement with the comparison reference values within stated uncertainties of measurements. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final ...

This paper describes in details a commercial green building that has been designed and constructe... more This paper describes in details a commercial green building that has been designed and constructed in Marsa Matrouh, Egypt. The balance between homebuilding and the sustainable environment has been taken into consideration in the design and construction of this building. The building consists of one floor with 3 m height and 2810 m² area while the envelope area is 1400 m². The building construction fulfills the natural ventilation requirements. The glass curtain walls are about 50% of the building and the windows area is 300 m². 6 mm greenish gray tinted temper glass as outer board lite, 6 mm safety glass as inner board lite and 16 mm thick dehydrated air spaces are used in the building. Visible light with 50% transmission, 0.26 solar factor, 0.67 shading coefficient and 1.3 W/m².K thermal insulation U-value are implemented to realize the performance requirements. Optimum electrical distribut...

International journal of engineering research and technology, 2020

Improving the Mathematical Modeling of photovoltaic module has been done by an accurate estimatio... more Improving the Mathematical Modeling of photovoltaic module has been done by an accurate estimation parameters algorithm. The Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FODPSO) has been used for estimation photovoltaic module parameters. The photovoltaic modules are described using double diodes model (DDM). The algorithms are performed on two different poly crystalline Silicon photovoltaic modules to approximate their optimum parameters of double diode model at different environmental condition. Results of FODPSO are accomplished by achieving the Minimum Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and minimum Summation of the Individual Absolute Error (SIAE). Keywords— Photovoltaic; Algorithm; Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FODPSO); Model

2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018), 2018

This paper describes a technical method for achievement of traceability in DC voltage measurement... more This paper describes a technical method for achievement of traceability in DC voltage measurements starting from 10 mV up to 5 kV at National Institute of Standards. Traceable calibration of Fluke 5720A Calibrator, up to 1 kV, has been performed. To extend the traceability for the value of 5 kV, a universal high voltage divider has been used. All calibrations in this technique have been conducted using a Fluke 732B Zener Diode Reference Standard, which is traceable to SI units via the DC Voltage Primary Standard (JVS) of NIS. The relevant results, with emphasis on the uncertainty budgets, are presented.

MAPAN, 2020

Particle Swarm Optimization technique has been improved by fractional order calculus to be used f... more Particle Swarm Optimization technique has been improved by fractional order calculus to be used for photovoltaic (PV) modeling. The modified technique which is called Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FODPSO) has been constructed to estimate the optimal electrical parameters of PV modules. Single and double diode models have been used to designate the PV modules. FODPSO and PSO algorithms have been designed and applied on two different PV modules at different irradiances and temperatures. In order to validate the proposed modeling technique, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the current, RMSE of power and Summation of the Individual Absolute Error (SIAE) results obtained using FODPSO and traditional Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms have been compared. Minimum RMSE and SIAE have been achieved using the FODPSO technique. To verify the FODPSO results accuracy, accurate measurements of short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and maximum power, voltage at maximum power and current at maximum power have been performed for both PV modules. FODPSO-estimated results show excellent agreement with the experimental ones at different irradiances and temperatures.

International Journal on Energy Conversion (IRECON), 2017

The current study presents a modified sine cosine optimization (MSCO) algorithm for solving the n... more The current study presents a modified sine cosine optimization (MSCO) algorithm for solving the non-smooth environmental/economic power dispatch problem. In the proposed MSCO algorithm, random search agents’ population is initialized in the search domain for simultaneous optimization of both the combined economic and environmental objectives. Added to that, the proposed MSCO proposes an opposition strategy to preserve the diversity of solutions purposefully. Hence, the Pareto optimal solutions are customized according to the Pareto front concepts. These solutions are evolved using a modified version of the sine cosine algorithm (SCA), where the best agent is selected randomly from the stored Pareto solutions. Furthermore the parameter-based tuning mechanism is designed to improve the balance between the exploration and exploitation abilities. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed MSCO are validated through experiments results and comparisons on EELD problem. Simulations were conducted on two test systems with non-smooth fuel cost and emission issues. The first system constitutes 6-unit benchmarking system, while the second one constitutes 10- units, and their results are compared with the results of other optimization techniques that were reported in the literature. The numerical comparisons reveal the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed MSCO algorithm.

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2020

This paper presents an integrated method to identify the fault direction in the presence of a ser... more This paper presents an integrated method to identify the fault direction in the presence of a series compensator via also identifying the power flow direction. The presented method relies on monitoring both measured angle of the positive-sequence (PS) currents and magnitude of PS voltage. The change of PS voltage magnitude is used to detect the current inversion case. The presented criteria depend on the power flow direction before the fault occurrence. Therefore, a power flow direction identification method is presented using only the change of the phase angle of the PS current. Different system configurations are investigated to test the reliability of the proposed protection scheme (PPS). The power and protection systems' configurations contain different capacitor ratios leading to current and voltage inversion scenarios, reversing the power flow direction and single-pole tripping. Simulation experiments conducted via the software ATP-EMTP has shown the proper operability of the PPS.

Electrical Engineering, 2019

In this article, we propose a fault directional identification scheme that depends on the positiv... more In this article, we propose a fault directional identification scheme that depends on the positive-sequence components of current based on an investigation of pre-fault and fault phase angles. The proposed protection scheme is developed for both distribution and transmission systems. However, as the current-only approach depends on the pre-fault current direction as the polarizing quantity, if the pre-fault current direction changes during normal conditions, the direction definitions would be swapped. This will cause a problem for the current-only approach. Therefore, a signal processing-based solution is presented, leveraging the fact that a change in direction in the pre-fault condition is associated with a phase angle change of 180°. The proposed protection scheme is examined with two different power system configurations (distribution and transmission systems). Simulation experiments conducted using ATP/EMTP software verified the feasibility of the proposed protection scheme. Moreover, the validity of the proposed protection scheme is compared with that of other directional schemes. The results confirmed the accurate operation of the proposed scheme.

International Journal on Energy Conversion (IRECON), 2018

This paper presents an efficient load flow (LF) technique that exhibits an improved convergence c... more This paper presents an efficient load flow (LF) technique that exhibits an improved convergence characteristic to be employed in balanced radial distribution systems (RDSs) having voltage dependent loads (VDLs). The key enabler of this approach is the construction of load injection to bus voltage (LIBV) matrix that is utilized to carry out the backward forward sweep of power flow calculation in a single step. The bus voltages may be determined from the load injection directly by incorporating the LIBV matrix which, in turn, decreases the execution time when compared to other LF techniques. Further, a novel and generalized algorithm is proposed to construct LIBV in a fast manner. In addition, the effect of annual load growth is examined in this work. The proposed technique is tested on three balanced benchmark RDSs, which are the 30-, 33- and 118-bus systems with different VDL models. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to the results of the other approaches in the literature. Also, it is revealed that the proposed algorithm is computationally faster and more robust than the conventional LF techniques that are used to analyze distribution system having VDLs.

International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering, 2015

This paper discusses enhancing of the measurements' uncertainty for AC high voltage up to 100 kV.... more This paper discusses enhancing of the measurements' uncertainty for AC high voltage up to 100 kV. This is achieved by using a high voltage divider calibration method. Voltage measurements have been carried out at the Egyptian national institute for standards (NIS), using a high voltage measuring system (Phenix-KVM100), that consists of a high voltage divider and a voltage display. The voltage divider and display have been calibrated in low and high voltage ranges. Reference standard digital voltmeter and a multifunction calibrator have been used to calibrate the KVM100 for achieving accurate and traceable results. All calibrations have been performed automatically using Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) programs specially designed for this task. Uncertainty budget has been evaluated to get the measurements' expanded uncertainties.

SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, 2016

This paper describes the hardware implementation prototype for the recent massive Multiple In and... more This paper describes the hardware implementation prototype for the recent massive Multiple In and Out communication. In the entire MIMO communication system, decoder plays an important role in reducing the complexity of system. The objective is to recast the operating Kbest detection methodology by forwarding the backwash wrapped up in organizing the path metrics to enhance aptness for the implementation of hardware with very durable BER performance. A 8x8 MIMO and 64 QAM FODPSO K-Best decoder using Schnorr-Euchner (SE) enumeration and new parameter Rlimit is proposed for reducing the complexity, thereby provides a better performance. The architecture for reducing the BER to 0.3 dB with list size K and Rlimit to 4 is designed for a word length of 16 bits. The proposed architecture is synthesized using XST in 45nm CMOS technology and coded in Verilog for a Maximum frequency of 181.8 MHz, 1090.8 Mbps through and a power consumption of 782mW and latency of 0.044 s. I. INTRODUCTION Recent days MIMO provides good reliability and diversity gain by transmitting and receiving signals from all directions due to the presence of multiple antennas at both the ends. MIMO provides highly reliable communication by transmitting more identical information through multiple antennas. Wireless standards, such as IEEE802.11n [1] (10 −6 maximum BER) , IEEE802.16e provides higher Data rates and reliability with minimum bit error rate (BER) and good quality of service (QoS). MIMO is appreciated for its receiver designed with low-power, low-complexity, highthroughput and high-performance. The purpose of MIMO communication system is to design a receivers. Number of procedures has been proposed to report the problem, offering diverse trade-offs between performance and complexity. Maximum-likelihood (ML) detection is one of the transcendent detection methodology that depreciates the BER through out-and-out exploration, while its complicacy upsurges rampantly with respect to the diverse antennas at the transmitting and receiving end [2,3] compared with zeroforcing (ZF), the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) techniques that has low complexity, high BER and significant performance loss. The other category of receivers is sphere decoder (SD) algorithm which [5], [6] extremely decreases the complexity and high performance for Multiple In and Out detection. The SD procedures have an indefinitely large number of execution approaches, i.e., K-best [7] and K-best Schnorr-Euchner (SE) [8], [9].

Measurement, 2014

Abstract This paper introduces a new methodology for obtaining high voltage DC measurements trace... more Abstract This paper introduces a new methodology for obtaining high voltage DC measurements traceability to the International System of Units (SI) at the Egyptian National Institute for Standards (NIS). The traceability has been achieved via the NIS automated 10 V DC Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS). A 100 kV DC voltage divider with a nominal voltage ratio of 10,000:1 is being used with its display in parallel with a high sensitive digital voltmeter. The traceability has been realized by calibrating this digital voltmeter via the JVS system and then it has been used to calibrate the divider display readings. Moreover, the divider ratio has been accurately calibrated using a traceable calibrator source on its high voltage side and the calibrated digital voltmeter on its low voltage side. Accurate and traceable high voltage values have been obtained associated with their expanded uncertainties. Highly improved uncertainties have been achieved using this new calibration technique.

Engineering, 2010

The temperature effects on the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon so... more The temperature effects on the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell with back-contact technology have been studied in a desert area under ambient conditions using the current shunt measuring technique. Therefore, most of the problems encountered with traditional measuring techniques are avoided. The temperature dependency of the current shunt from 5ºC up to 50ºC has been investigated. Its temperature coefficient proves to be negligible which means that the temperature dependency of the solar cell is completely independent of the current shunt. The solar module installed in a tilted position at the optimum angle of the location, has been tested in two different seasons (winter and summer). The obtained solar cell short circuit current, open circuit voltage and output power are correlated with the measured incident radiation in both seasons and all results are discussed.

Engineering, 2010

In this paper, a new technique using a Current Shunt and a Micropotentiometer has been used to st... more In this paper, a new technique using a Current Shunt and a Micropotentiometer has been used to study the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell at outdoor conditions. The electrical performance is mainly described by measuring both cell short circuit current and open circuit voltage. The measurements of this cell by using multimeters suffer from some problems because the cell has high current intensity with low output voltage. So, the solar cell short circuit current values are obtained by measuring the voltage developed across a known resistance Current Shunt. Samples of the obtained current values are accurately calibrated by using a Micropotentiometer (μpot) thermal element (TE) to validate this new measuring technique. Moreover, the solar cell open circuit voltage has been measured. Besides, the cell output power has been calculated and can be correlated with the measured incident radiation.

Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 2013

Automation in measurement has wide range of electrical metrology applications and construction of... more Automation in measurement has wide range of electrical metrology applications and construction of powerful calibration software is one of the highly accurate metrological laboratories' priorities. Thus, two automatic systems for controlling and calibrating the electrical reference standards have been established at National Institute for Standards (NIS), Egypt. The first system has been built to calibrate the zener diode reference standards while the second one has been built to calibrate the electrical sourcing and measuring instruments. These two systems act as the comprehensive and reliable structure that, from the national electrical standards, disseminates the traceability to all the electrical units under calibration. The software of the two systems has been built using the Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) graphical language. The standard development procedures have been followed in the building of both systems software. The software requirement specifications as well as functional specifications are taken into consideration. Design, implementation and testing of the software have been performed. Furthermore, software validation for measurements' uncertainty as well as results' compatibility in both automatic and manual modes has been achieved.

IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine

Electricity meters are devices that record the electrical energy consumed by the customer. Recent... more Electricity meters are devices that record the electrical energy consumed by the customer. Recently, the electricity meter has developed as a result of technological progress, and it transformed from an electro-mechanical energy meter to become an electronic meter. The electronic energy meter consists of electronic components which may change its properties due to exposure to different climatic environments, so climatic tests must be conducted on the electricity meter [1]. Solar radiation testing is considered most important for an outdoor electrical energy meter, performed to ensure that the meter does not change its characteristics or that its insulation does not fail during exposure to solar radiation [2]. Electricity meters are classified according their installation for either indoor or outdoor energy measurements [3]. Outdoor electricity meters are mostly protective class two which means that the insulation level is higher than that used in indoor energy meters and can be more exposed to direct sunlight. Solar tests are carried out on electricity meters according to the international standard of IEC62052-11:2020, and IEC60068-2-5:2010 [3], [4] at an irradiance value equal to 1120 W/ m2± 10%.

International journal of engineering research and technology, Nov 15, 2021

Climatic tests are one of the most important type tests that are carried out on electricity meter... more Climatic tests are one of the most important type tests that are carried out on electricity meters, Protection against solar radiation test is one of these climatic tests, that is carried out using solar simulators. In this work, the electricity meter has been tested by using a solar simulator developed at High Voltage Laboratory, Egyptian National Institute of Standards, NIS. The test is performed on an outdoor threephase energy meter at two different cases operating conditions with different loads and non-operating conditions. Also, the accuracy of the electricity meter has been recorded and analyzed before exposure to solar radiation, during, and after the absence of solar radiation. The uncertainty budget of measurements has been evaluated to obtain the actual result of the test.

2023 IEEE IAS Global Conference on Renewable Energy and Hydrogen Technologies (GlobConHT)

Metrologia, 2022

Main text AFRIMETS.EM-S1 supplementary comparison on resistance standards at 1 Ω, 10 Ω, 100 Ω, 1 ... more Main text AFRIMETS.EM-S1 supplementary comparison on resistance standards at 1 Ω, 10 Ω, 100 Ω, 1 kΩ and 10 kΩ commenced November 2015 and ended June 2018. The comparison approved by AFRIMETS technical committee for Electricity and Magnetism (TC-EM) and Consultative Committee for Electricity and Magnetism (CCEM). Seven National Metrology Institutes participated including National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA)the pilot laboratory. The primary objective of the comparison is aimed to underpin and strengthen the capabilities of the National Metrology Institutes and establish the degree of equivalence and comparability. The results of the participants are found to be equivalent, comparable and in agreement with the comparison reference values within stated uncertainties of measurements. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final ...

This paper describes in details a commercial green building that has been designed and constructe... more This paper describes in details a commercial green building that has been designed and constructed in Marsa Matrouh, Egypt. The balance between homebuilding and the sustainable environment has been taken into consideration in the design and construction of this building. The building consists of one floor with 3 m height and 2810 m² area while the envelope area is 1400 m². The building construction fulfills the natural ventilation requirements. The glass curtain walls are about 50% of the building and the windows area is 300 m². 6 mm greenish gray tinted temper glass as outer board lite, 6 mm safety glass as inner board lite and 16 mm thick dehydrated air spaces are used in the building. Visible light with 50% transmission, 0.26 solar factor, 0.67 shading coefficient and 1.3 W/m².K thermal insulation U-value are implemented to realize the performance requirements. Optimum electrical distribut...

International journal of engineering research and technology, 2020

Improving the Mathematical Modeling of photovoltaic module has been done by an accurate estimatio... more Improving the Mathematical Modeling of photovoltaic module has been done by an accurate estimation parameters algorithm. The Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FODPSO) has been used for estimation photovoltaic module parameters. The photovoltaic modules are described using double diodes model (DDM). The algorithms are performed on two different poly crystalline Silicon photovoltaic modules to approximate their optimum parameters of double diode model at different environmental condition. Results of FODPSO are accomplished by achieving the Minimum Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and minimum Summation of the Individual Absolute Error (SIAE). Keywords— Photovoltaic; Algorithm; Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FODPSO); Model

2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018), 2018

This paper describes a technical method for achievement of traceability in DC voltage measurement... more This paper describes a technical method for achievement of traceability in DC voltage measurements starting from 10 mV up to 5 kV at National Institute of Standards. Traceable calibration of Fluke 5720A Calibrator, up to 1 kV, has been performed. To extend the traceability for the value of 5 kV, a universal high voltage divider has been used. All calibrations in this technique have been conducted using a Fluke 732B Zener Diode Reference Standard, which is traceable to SI units via the DC Voltage Primary Standard (JVS) of NIS. The relevant results, with emphasis on the uncertainty budgets, are presented.

MAPAN, 2020

Particle Swarm Optimization technique has been improved by fractional order calculus to be used f... more Particle Swarm Optimization technique has been improved by fractional order calculus to be used for photovoltaic (PV) modeling. The modified technique which is called Fractional Order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (FODPSO) has been constructed to estimate the optimal electrical parameters of PV modules. Single and double diode models have been used to designate the PV modules. FODPSO and PSO algorithms have been designed and applied on two different PV modules at different irradiances and temperatures. In order to validate the proposed modeling technique, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the current, RMSE of power and Summation of the Individual Absolute Error (SIAE) results obtained using FODPSO and traditional Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms have been compared. Minimum RMSE and SIAE have been achieved using the FODPSO technique. To verify the FODPSO results accuracy, accurate measurements of short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and maximum power, voltage at maximum power and current at maximum power have been performed for both PV modules. FODPSO-estimated results show excellent agreement with the experimental ones at different irradiances and temperatures.

International Journal on Energy Conversion (IRECON), 2017

The current study presents a modified sine cosine optimization (MSCO) algorithm for solving the n... more The current study presents a modified sine cosine optimization (MSCO) algorithm for solving the non-smooth environmental/economic power dispatch problem. In the proposed MSCO algorithm, random search agents’ population is initialized in the search domain for simultaneous optimization of both the combined economic and environmental objectives. Added to that, the proposed MSCO proposes an opposition strategy to preserve the diversity of solutions purposefully. Hence, the Pareto optimal solutions are customized according to the Pareto front concepts. These solutions are evolved using a modified version of the sine cosine algorithm (SCA), where the best agent is selected randomly from the stored Pareto solutions. Furthermore the parameter-based tuning mechanism is designed to improve the balance between the exploration and exploitation abilities. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed MSCO are validated through experiments results and comparisons on EELD problem. Simulations were conducted on two test systems with non-smooth fuel cost and emission issues. The first system constitutes 6-unit benchmarking system, while the second one constitutes 10- units, and their results are compared with the results of other optimization techniques that were reported in the literature. The numerical comparisons reveal the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed MSCO algorithm.

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2020

This paper presents an integrated method to identify the fault direction in the presence of a ser... more This paper presents an integrated method to identify the fault direction in the presence of a series compensator via also identifying the power flow direction. The presented method relies on monitoring both measured angle of the positive-sequence (PS) currents and magnitude of PS voltage. The change of PS voltage magnitude is used to detect the current inversion case. The presented criteria depend on the power flow direction before the fault occurrence. Therefore, a power flow direction identification method is presented using only the change of the phase angle of the PS current. Different system configurations are investigated to test the reliability of the proposed protection scheme (PPS). The power and protection systems' configurations contain different capacitor ratios leading to current and voltage inversion scenarios, reversing the power flow direction and single-pole tripping. Simulation experiments conducted via the software ATP-EMTP has shown the proper operability of the PPS.

Electrical Engineering, 2019

In this article, we propose a fault directional identification scheme that depends on the positiv... more In this article, we propose a fault directional identification scheme that depends on the positive-sequence components of current based on an investigation of pre-fault and fault phase angles. The proposed protection scheme is developed for both distribution and transmission systems. However, as the current-only approach depends on the pre-fault current direction as the polarizing quantity, if the pre-fault current direction changes during normal conditions, the direction definitions would be swapped. This will cause a problem for the current-only approach. Therefore, a signal processing-based solution is presented, leveraging the fact that a change in direction in the pre-fault condition is associated with a phase angle change of 180°. The proposed protection scheme is examined with two different power system configurations (distribution and transmission systems). Simulation experiments conducted using ATP/EMTP software verified the feasibility of the proposed protection scheme. Moreover, the validity of the proposed protection scheme is compared with that of other directional schemes. The results confirmed the accurate operation of the proposed scheme.

International Journal on Energy Conversion (IRECON), 2018

This paper presents an efficient load flow (LF) technique that exhibits an improved convergence c... more This paper presents an efficient load flow (LF) technique that exhibits an improved convergence characteristic to be employed in balanced radial distribution systems (RDSs) having voltage dependent loads (VDLs). The key enabler of this approach is the construction of load injection to bus voltage (LIBV) matrix that is utilized to carry out the backward forward sweep of power flow calculation in a single step. The bus voltages may be determined from the load injection directly by incorporating the LIBV matrix which, in turn, decreases the execution time when compared to other LF techniques. Further, a novel and generalized algorithm is proposed to construct LIBV in a fast manner. In addition, the effect of annual load growth is examined in this work. The proposed technique is tested on three balanced benchmark RDSs, which are the 30-, 33- and 118-bus systems with different VDL models. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to the results of the other approaches in the literature. Also, it is revealed that the proposed algorithm is computationally faster and more robust than the conventional LF techniques that are used to analyze distribution system having VDLs.

International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering, 2015

This paper discusses enhancing of the measurements' uncertainty for AC high voltage up to 100 kV.... more This paper discusses enhancing of the measurements' uncertainty for AC high voltage up to 100 kV. This is achieved by using a high voltage divider calibration method. Voltage measurements have been carried out at the Egyptian national institute for standards (NIS), using a high voltage measuring system (Phenix-KVM100), that consists of a high voltage divider and a voltage display. The voltage divider and display have been calibrated in low and high voltage ranges. Reference standard digital voltmeter and a multifunction calibrator have been used to calibrate the KVM100 for achieving accurate and traceable results. All calibrations have been performed automatically using Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) programs specially designed for this task. Uncertainty budget has been evaluated to get the measurements' expanded uncertainties.

SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, 2016

This paper describes the hardware implementation prototype for the recent massive Multiple In and... more This paper describes the hardware implementation prototype for the recent massive Multiple In and Out communication. In the entire MIMO communication system, decoder plays an important role in reducing the complexity of system. The objective is to recast the operating Kbest detection methodology by forwarding the backwash wrapped up in organizing the path metrics to enhance aptness for the implementation of hardware with very durable BER performance. A 8x8 MIMO and 64 QAM FODPSO K-Best decoder using Schnorr-Euchner (SE) enumeration and new parameter Rlimit is proposed for reducing the complexity, thereby provides a better performance. The architecture for reducing the BER to 0.3 dB with list size K and Rlimit to 4 is designed for a word length of 16 bits. The proposed architecture is synthesized using XST in 45nm CMOS technology and coded in Verilog for a Maximum frequency of 181.8 MHz, 1090.8 Mbps through and a power consumption of 782mW and latency of 0.044 s. I. INTRODUCTION Recent days MIMO provides good reliability and diversity gain by transmitting and receiving signals from all directions due to the presence of multiple antennas at both the ends. MIMO provides highly reliable communication by transmitting more identical information through multiple antennas. Wireless standards, such as IEEE802.11n [1] (10 −6 maximum BER) , IEEE802.16e provides higher Data rates and reliability with minimum bit error rate (BER) and good quality of service (QoS). MIMO is appreciated for its receiver designed with low-power, low-complexity, highthroughput and high-performance. The purpose of MIMO communication system is to design a receivers. Number of procedures has been proposed to report the problem, offering diverse trade-offs between performance and complexity. Maximum-likelihood (ML) detection is one of the transcendent detection methodology that depreciates the BER through out-and-out exploration, while its complicacy upsurges rampantly with respect to the diverse antennas at the transmitting and receiving end [2,3] compared with zeroforcing (ZF), the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) techniques that has low complexity, high BER and significant performance loss. The other category of receivers is sphere decoder (SD) algorithm which [5], [6] extremely decreases the complexity and high performance for Multiple In and Out detection. The SD procedures have an indefinitely large number of execution approaches, i.e., K-best [7] and K-best Schnorr-Euchner (SE) [8], [9].

Measurement, 2014

Abstract This paper introduces a new methodology for obtaining high voltage DC measurements trace... more Abstract This paper introduces a new methodology for obtaining high voltage DC measurements traceability to the International System of Units (SI) at the Egyptian National Institute for Standards (NIS). The traceability has been achieved via the NIS automated 10 V DC Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS). A 100 kV DC voltage divider with a nominal voltage ratio of 10,000:1 is being used with its display in parallel with a high sensitive digital voltmeter. The traceability has been realized by calibrating this digital voltmeter via the JVS system and then it has been used to calibrate the divider display readings. Moreover, the divider ratio has been accurately calibrated using a traceable calibrator source on its high voltage side and the calibrated digital voltmeter on its low voltage side. Accurate and traceable high voltage values have been obtained associated with their expanded uncertainties. Highly improved uncertainties have been achieved using this new calibration technique.

Engineering, 2010

The temperature effects on the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon so... more The temperature effects on the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell with back-contact technology have been studied in a desert area under ambient conditions using the current shunt measuring technique. Therefore, most of the problems encountered with traditional measuring techniques are avoided. The temperature dependency of the current shunt from 5ºC up to 50ºC has been investigated. Its temperature coefficient proves to be negligible which means that the temperature dependency of the solar cell is completely independent of the current shunt. The solar module installed in a tilted position at the optimum angle of the location, has been tested in two different seasons (winter and summer). The obtained solar cell short circuit current, open circuit voltage and output power are correlated with the measured incident radiation in both seasons and all results are discussed.

Engineering, 2010

In this paper, a new technique using a Current Shunt and a Micropotentiometer has been used to st... more In this paper, a new technique using a Current Shunt and a Micropotentiometer has been used to study the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell at outdoor conditions. The electrical performance is mainly described by measuring both cell short circuit current and open circuit voltage. The measurements of this cell by using multimeters suffer from some problems because the cell has high current intensity with low output voltage. So, the solar cell short circuit current values are obtained by measuring the voltage developed across a known resistance Current Shunt. Samples of the obtained current values are accurately calibrated by using a Micropotentiometer (μpot) thermal element (TE) to validate this new measuring technique. Moreover, the solar cell open circuit voltage has been measured. Besides, the cell output power has been calculated and can be correlated with the measured incident radiation.

Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 2013

Automation in measurement has wide range of electrical metrology applications and construction of... more Automation in measurement has wide range of electrical metrology applications and construction of powerful calibration software is one of the highly accurate metrological laboratories' priorities. Thus, two automatic systems for controlling and calibrating the electrical reference standards have been established at National Institute for Standards (NIS), Egypt. The first system has been built to calibrate the zener diode reference standards while the second one has been built to calibrate the electrical sourcing and measuring instruments. These two systems act as the comprehensive and reliable structure that, from the national electrical standards, disseminates the traceability to all the electrical units under calibration. The software of the two systems has been built using the Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) graphical language. The standard development procedures have been followed in the building of both systems software. The software requirement specifications as well as functional specifications are taken into consideration. Design, implementation and testing of the software have been performed. Furthermore, software validation for measurements' uncertainty as well as results' compatibility in both automatic and manual modes has been achieved.

IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine

Electricity meters are devices that record the electrical energy consumed by the customer. Recent... more Electricity meters are devices that record the electrical energy consumed by the customer. Recently, the electricity meter has developed as a result of technological progress, and it transformed from an electro-mechanical energy meter to become an electronic meter. The electronic energy meter consists of electronic components which may change its properties due to exposure to different climatic environments, so climatic tests must be conducted on the electricity meter [1]. Solar radiation testing is considered most important for an outdoor electrical energy meter, performed to ensure that the meter does not change its characteristics or that its insulation does not fail during exposure to solar radiation [2]. Electricity meters are classified according their installation for either indoor or outdoor energy measurements [3]. Outdoor electricity meters are mostly protective class two which means that the insulation level is higher than that used in indoor energy meters and can be more exposed to direct sunlight. Solar tests are carried out on electricity meters according to the international standard of IEC62052-11:2020, and IEC60068-2-5:2010 [3], [4] at an irradiance value equal to 1120 W/ m2± 10%.

International journal of engineering research and technology, Nov 15, 2021

Climatic tests are one of the most important type tests that are carried out on electricity meter... more Climatic tests are one of the most important type tests that are carried out on electricity meters, Protection against solar radiation test is one of these climatic tests, that is carried out using solar simulators. In this work, the electricity meter has been tested by using a solar simulator developed at High Voltage Laboratory, Egyptian National Institute of Standards, NIS. The test is performed on an outdoor threephase energy meter at two different cases operating conditions with different loads and non-operating conditions. Also, the accuracy of the electricity meter has been recorded and analyzed before exposure to solar radiation, during, and after the absence of solar radiation. The uncertainty budget of measurements has been evaluated to obtain the actual result of the test.