Haleh Kangari - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Haleh Kangari

BMC ophthalmology, Jun 12, 2024

Research Square (Research Square), Jun 12, 2024

BMC ophthalmology, Apr 15, 2024

Background Convergence insufficiency is a common issue in the field of binocular vision. Various ... more Background Convergence insufficiency is a common issue in the field of binocular vision. Various treatment options have been suggested for managing this condition, but their efficacy in individuals with presbyopia remains unclear. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of home-based vision therapy and prism prescription, in presbyopic patients with convergence insufficiency. Methods/design It is a randomized, prospective, double-blind clinical trial, with total of 150 participants randomly assigned to the three groups. The Control Group will receive a new near glasses as a conventional prescription, along with aimless and random eye movement exercises that do not have any convergence or accommodation effects. The Home Vision Therapy Group will receive new near glasses with accommodative and convergence eye exercises. The Prism Group will receive a near prismatic glasses prescribed using the Sheard's criterion. All treatments will be administered for a period of 2 months, and measurements of the modified convergence insufficiency symptoms survey (CISS), near point convergence, near phoria, and positive fusional vergence will be taken at baseline, one month later, and at the end of the treatment. Discussion We aim to identify which component-either the prism prescription or the home vision therapy-is more effective in improving binocular abilities and reducing patients' symptom scores. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05311917 with last update on 04/22/2023.

Optometry and Vision Science, 2015

Purpose. To understand the vision-related quality of life (QoL) of schoolchildren with uncorrecte... more Purpose. To understand the vision-related quality of life (QoL) of schoolchildren with uncorrected refractive error (URE). Methods. A snapshot qualitative research design and homogeneous sampling strategy was adopted. Thirty-one, 27, and 22 eye care practitioners, children, and teachers participated in four, three, and two focus group discussions, respectively. The participants were recruited from various parts of Chennai, India. The discussions were audio recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed. Results. Eight themes emerged: complaints and symptoms of children with URE, vision-related activity limitation, coping strategies, psychological impact, social impact, the perceived difference after first time refractive correction, reasons for refractive error remaining uncorrected, and the significant amount of refractive error. Conclusions. The study gives a holistic view of the vision-related QoL of children with URE by demonstrating the difficulties and problems that they face in their day-today life and also by describing the perceived difference in QoL after wearing refractive correction.

Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of facial asymmetry parameters in patients with head tilt vers... more Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of facial asymmetry parameters in patients with head tilt versus those with head turn. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was performed on 155 cases, including 58 patients with congenital pure head turn due to Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), 33 patients with congenital pure head tilt due to upshoot in adduction or DRS, and 64 orthotropic subjects as the control group. The facial appearance was evaluated by computerized analysis of digital photographs of patients’ faces. Relative facial size (the ratio of the distance between the external canthus and the corner of the lips of both face sides) and facial angle (the angular difference between a line that connects two external canthi and another line that connects the two corners of the lips) measured as quantitative facial parameters. Qualitative parameters were evaluated by the presence of one-sided face, cheek, and nostril compression; and columella deviation. Results: The facial asymm...

Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 2020

J Babol Univ Med Sci; 22; 2020; PP: 169-174 Received: Oct 26 2019, Revised: Jan 14 2020, Accepted... more J Babol Univ Med Sci; 22; 2020; PP: 169-174 Received: Oct 26 2019, Revised: Jan 14 2020, Accepted: Feb 4 2020. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Ocular thyroid disease is a common complication associated with Graves' disease and hyperthyroidism, which in severe cases there is a risk of irreversible loss of vision. The aim of this study was to compare the visual acuity, refractive errors, proptosis and ocular deviation of these patients with healthy individuals. METHODS: In this historical cohort study, 65 patients with history of thyroid disease were compared with 65 healthy subjects. Patients in the age range of 24 to 60 years with a history of thyroid disease and healthy individuals were selected from those who referred to the eye clinic who did not have thyroid disease. The proptosis of the eyes was measured with Hertel exophthalmometer. Visual acuity of the patients was measured with Snellen chart and refractive error measurement was done with an auto-refractometer. FINDING...

International Journal of Ophthalmology

AIM: To determine the effects of change in light conditions on refractive error and visual functi... more AIM: To determine the effects of change in light conditions on refractive error and visual functions including visual acuity, stereopsis and contrast sensitivity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the optometry clinic of the Shahid Beheshti School of Rehabilitation on 48 students in 2021-2022. All of them had eye health and normal visual function and could have refractive errors or not. Light intensity of 4 lx was considered equivalent to photopic light condition and light intensity of 1 lx was considered to be equivalent to mesopic light condition. The amount of refractive error was checked by auto refractometer and its changes in mesopic light condition were subjectively measured. Also, visual acuity, stereopsis and contrast sensitivity (in five spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree), were measured first in photopic light condition and then in mesopic light condition, by Snellen control vision chart, stereo butterfly test and the M&S tec...

European Journal of Ophthalmology, Apr 27, 2023

BMC Ophthalmology

Background To determine the prevalence of keratoconus in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Em... more Background To determine the prevalence of keratoconus in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Employees and the related risk factors including oxidative stress biomarkers. Methods 2546 subjects’ mean age ± SD, 40.35 ± 6.70 (46% male) were recruited. All participants underwent objective refraction using auto-refractometer and retinoscopy, followed by subjective refraction, and bio-microscopy. Pentacam imaging was performed for the detected keratoconus patients. The prevalence of keratoconus and frequency of the visual impairment among keratoconus cases were evaluated. Potential risk factors of sex, age, family history of keratoconus, body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, serum levels of glucose ≥ 100 mg/d, low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) ≥ 110 mg/dL, high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol ≤ 40 mg/d, and triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL in the blood were evaluated. Results The prevalence of keratoconus at least in one eye was 0.98% (95% CI: 0.6- 1.4%). The best corrected visual acuity in the ...

Journal of Modern Rehabilitation

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to determine the refractive profile of strabis... more Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to determine the refractive profile of strabismic children under 8 in a tertiary referral center in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on the medical records of 357 patients under the age of 8 who had one type of strabismus in Farabi Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between 2015 and 2019. All routine ophthalmic examinations were done for all patients. Cycloplegic refraction was performed after the instillation of two drops of cyclopentolate 1% with an interval of 5 minutes, and the refractive error was measured after 30 minutes. The diagnostic criteria were based on cycloplegic refraction in which myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism were defined when the refractive error was -0.25, +0.75, and -0.50 diopter (D) or more, respectively. The cycloplegic results were classified into different groups with an interval of 1.00 D, and astigmatism was also assessed separately. Results: In this stu...

Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, May 23, 2021

Background and Aim: One of the requirements of safe driving is having good and strong vision. Som... more Background and Aim: One of the requirements of safe driving is having good and strong vision. Some vision disorders, can increase the risk of traffic accidents. The present article was conducted to examine the role of decreased visual acuity, contrast sensitivity disorder, and visual field defect in accidents. Also, some recommendations are provided to improve these factors. Materials and Methods: In the present review article, three databases of Google scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were search for articles in English and without time limitation using some keywords (Contrast sensitivity, visual field, inappropriate glasses, traffic accidents, and vision impairment) individually and in combinations. Findings: If there is a correlation between visual acuity and accidents, it is very weak. There was a positive correlation between contrast sensitivity disorder and traffic accidents. The risk of traffic accidents can be increased if the visual field defect is binocular and severe. The main...

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL …, 2007

Background and purpose: The literature on distance education has provided different reports about... more Background and purpose: The literature on distance education has provided different reports about the effectiveness of traditional lecture based settings versus computer based study settings. This study is an attempt to compare the learning outcomes of the traditional lecture based teaching with that of the computer based learning in the optometry curriculum. Methods: Two courses in the optometry curriculum, Optometry I, with 24 students and Optometry II, with 27 students were used in this study. In each course, the students were randomly divided into two groups. In each scheduled class session, one group randomly attended the lecture, while the other studied in the computer stations. The same content was presented to both groups and at end of each session the same quiz was given to both. In the next session, the groups switched place. This process continued for four weeks. The quizzes were scored and a paired t-test was used to examine any difference. The data was analyzed by SPSS 15 software. Results: The mean score for Optometry I, lecture settings was 3.36 +0.59, for Optometry I computer based study was 3.27+0.63 , for Optometry II, in lecture setting was 3.22+0.57 and for Optometry II, computer based setting was 2.85+0.69. The paired sample t-test was performed on the scores, revealing no statistical significant difference between the two settings. However, the mean score for lecture sessions was slightly higher in lecture settings. Conclusion: Since this study reveals that the learning outcomes in traditional lecture based settings and computer based study are not significantly different, the lecture sessions can be safely replaced by the computer based study session. Further practice in the computer based setting might reveal better outcomes in computer study settings.

Background and Aim: Clinical observations and previous studies have shown an inverse relationship... more Background and Aim: Clinical observations and previous studies have shown an inverse relationship between refractive error and anterior chamber depth. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between the amount of myopia with anterior chamber parameters such as volume, angle, depth and the difference in these parameters between genders. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 83 refractive surgery candidates (-0.5 to-9) aged between 20-40who have undergone Oculyzer photography were investigated. Statistical analysis of data extracted from patient's files performed using spss18 and relation between variables were assessed by Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient. T-test for comparison of variables or the nonparametric equivalent (Mann-Whitney) was used. Results: In this group there was no statisticaly significant correlation between anterior chamber volume(P=0.611, r =0.057), angle(P= 0.780, r=-0.031), depth(P= 0.944, r=0.008) and refractive er...

Salāmat-i kār-i Īrān, 2020

Background and aims: computer vision syndrome refers to a set of visual and non-­visual symptoms ... more Background and aims: computer vision syndrome refers to a set of visual and non-­visual symptoms due to long-­term use of video terminals and causes complaints such as; blur vision, difficulty in vision of near and far, burning, headache, back and neck discomfort. Considering the increasing use of computers in the official environments and various jobs and the consequent increasing in clinical referrals of computer users due to eye complaints caused by working with computer, computer vision syndrome has become one of the most important health issues in society. In Iran, the most common eye problems were related to extra ocular problems with a prevalence of 46.2% and eye strain with a prevalence of 45.4% and the prevalence of eye fatigue due to working with video terminals was reported to be 91.4%. In Saudi Arabia, headaches and vision problems were reported with 68% and 65% prevalence, respectively. In Ghana, the prevalence of computer vision syndrome was 51.5%. This study was aimed...

Journal of Current Ophthalmology

Human has always been trying to become familiar with different parts of the eye. It seems that in... more Human has always been trying to become familiar with different parts of the eye. It seems that in the beginning of his efforts; he has become familiar with the functions of the pupil of the eye, using these data, he was able to make the dark room and use the hole to relieve the refractive errors. It can be said that the human in the prehistory and post-history periods had been able to solve his visual problems by using the existing facilities including pinholes.

Journal of paramedical sciences, 2014

Dry eye is the major contributor to computer vision syndrome. The reductions in the blink rate an... more Dry eye is the major contributor to computer vision syndrome. The reductions in the blink rate and amplitude have been considered as the possible mechanisms leading to this condition. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes in the lower tear meniscus heights and areas in the computer reading task, in dry eye subjects, with and without soft contact lenses. In this quasi-experimental study , 39 subjects (with mean age of 21.2 ± 2.4 years), with dry eye, were enrolled. The lower tear meniscus height and area (TMH, TMA) of the right eye was captured by Spectral Optical Coherence Tomography before and after 45 minutes of reading task behind desktop 17” Cathode Ray Tube monitors. The same procedure was performed after the insertion of the hydrogel soft contact lenses with 58% water content. The results of TMHs, TMAs were analyzed with a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with two within-subject factors. : The mean ± standard error of TMH and TMA pre and post com...

Scientific journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 2020

Background and Aim: Vision improvement and reduction of refractive errors are considered as impor... more Background and Aim: Vision improvement and reduction of refractive errors are considered as important goals of cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate residual refractive errors after cataract surgery in the patients with senile cataract in Shahid Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad City between 2017 and 2018. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 178 patients. Visual acuity, refractive errors and biometry of 192 eyes with senile cataract were evaluated before and one month after surgery. Refractive error and biometry measurements were performed with an autorefractometer and IOL master, respectively. SRK/T formula was used for IOL power calculation. We used paired T-test for analysis of data with normal distribution and nonparametric Wilcoxon test for the rest of data. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean equivalent spherical refraction decreased from -0.7 ±0.22 before surgery to -0.04 ±0.06 after surgery (P≤0.001)....

The Europeans consider Roger Bacon as the inventor of spectacles, and the 13 Century, as the begi... more The Europeans consider Roger Bacon as the inventor of spectacles, and the 13 Century, as the beginning of using lenses as spectacles. It can truly be said that the lenses had not been born all of a sudden then. It may be concluded that the lenses had been available long before that time. We are all familiar with quartz, a transparent volcanic stone that begins its journey in the rivers after it forms. In the river, it rubs to the other stones and water and finds the shape of a lens. This beauty and transparency causes man to make glasses and put it in front of his eyes. Reports on the joint excavations in Eastern Azerbaijan Province in Iran (Tabriz, Khosroshah, Newly excavated, Yanik Tappeh, 1962), by Professor Charles Bernie from the University of Manchester were published in the book “History of Archeology” by Dr. Gholam Reza Masoomi. Following studying the reports by Professor Charles Bernie in Yanik Tappeh and also by examining the spectacle being kept at Iran-e Bastan museum, w...

BMC ophthalmology, Jun 12, 2024

Research Square (Research Square), Jun 12, 2024

BMC ophthalmology, Apr 15, 2024

Background Convergence insufficiency is a common issue in the field of binocular vision. Various ... more Background Convergence insufficiency is a common issue in the field of binocular vision. Various treatment options have been suggested for managing this condition, but their efficacy in individuals with presbyopia remains unclear. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of home-based vision therapy and prism prescription, in presbyopic patients with convergence insufficiency. Methods/design It is a randomized, prospective, double-blind clinical trial, with total of 150 participants randomly assigned to the three groups. The Control Group will receive a new near glasses as a conventional prescription, along with aimless and random eye movement exercises that do not have any convergence or accommodation effects. The Home Vision Therapy Group will receive new near glasses with accommodative and convergence eye exercises. The Prism Group will receive a near prismatic glasses prescribed using the Sheard's criterion. All treatments will be administered for a period of 2 months, and measurements of the modified convergence insufficiency symptoms survey (CISS), near point convergence, near phoria, and positive fusional vergence will be taken at baseline, one month later, and at the end of the treatment. Discussion We aim to identify which component-either the prism prescription or the home vision therapy-is more effective in improving binocular abilities and reducing patients' symptom scores. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05311917 with last update on 04/22/2023.

Optometry and Vision Science, 2015

Purpose. To understand the vision-related quality of life (QoL) of schoolchildren with uncorrecte... more Purpose. To understand the vision-related quality of life (QoL) of schoolchildren with uncorrected refractive error (URE). Methods. A snapshot qualitative research design and homogeneous sampling strategy was adopted. Thirty-one, 27, and 22 eye care practitioners, children, and teachers participated in four, three, and two focus group discussions, respectively. The participants were recruited from various parts of Chennai, India. The discussions were audio recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed. Results. Eight themes emerged: complaints and symptoms of children with URE, vision-related activity limitation, coping strategies, psychological impact, social impact, the perceived difference after first time refractive correction, reasons for refractive error remaining uncorrected, and the significant amount of refractive error. Conclusions. The study gives a holistic view of the vision-related QoL of children with URE by demonstrating the difficulties and problems that they face in their day-today life and also by describing the perceived difference in QoL after wearing refractive correction.

Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of facial asymmetry parameters in patients with head tilt vers... more Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of facial asymmetry parameters in patients with head tilt versus those with head turn. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was performed on 155 cases, including 58 patients with congenital pure head turn due to Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), 33 patients with congenital pure head tilt due to upshoot in adduction or DRS, and 64 orthotropic subjects as the control group. The facial appearance was evaluated by computerized analysis of digital photographs of patients’ faces. Relative facial size (the ratio of the distance between the external canthus and the corner of the lips of both face sides) and facial angle (the angular difference between a line that connects two external canthi and another line that connects the two corners of the lips) measured as quantitative facial parameters. Qualitative parameters were evaluated by the presence of one-sided face, cheek, and nostril compression; and columella deviation. Results: The facial asymm...

Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 2020

J Babol Univ Med Sci; 22; 2020; PP: 169-174 Received: Oct 26 2019, Revised: Jan 14 2020, Accepted... more J Babol Univ Med Sci; 22; 2020; PP: 169-174 Received: Oct 26 2019, Revised: Jan 14 2020, Accepted: Feb 4 2020. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Ocular thyroid disease is a common complication associated with Graves' disease and hyperthyroidism, which in severe cases there is a risk of irreversible loss of vision. The aim of this study was to compare the visual acuity, refractive errors, proptosis and ocular deviation of these patients with healthy individuals. METHODS: In this historical cohort study, 65 patients with history of thyroid disease were compared with 65 healthy subjects. Patients in the age range of 24 to 60 years with a history of thyroid disease and healthy individuals were selected from those who referred to the eye clinic who did not have thyroid disease. The proptosis of the eyes was measured with Hertel exophthalmometer. Visual acuity of the patients was measured with Snellen chart and refractive error measurement was done with an auto-refractometer. FINDING...

International Journal of Ophthalmology

AIM: To determine the effects of change in light conditions on refractive error and visual functi... more AIM: To determine the effects of change in light conditions on refractive error and visual functions including visual acuity, stereopsis and contrast sensitivity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the optometry clinic of the Shahid Beheshti School of Rehabilitation on 48 students in 2021-2022. All of them had eye health and normal visual function and could have refractive errors or not. Light intensity of 4 lx was considered equivalent to photopic light condition and light intensity of 1 lx was considered to be equivalent to mesopic light condition. The amount of refractive error was checked by auto refractometer and its changes in mesopic light condition were subjectively measured. Also, visual acuity, stereopsis and contrast sensitivity (in five spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree), were measured first in photopic light condition and then in mesopic light condition, by Snellen control vision chart, stereo butterfly test and the M&S tec...

European Journal of Ophthalmology, Apr 27, 2023

BMC Ophthalmology

Background To determine the prevalence of keratoconus in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Em... more Background To determine the prevalence of keratoconus in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Employees and the related risk factors including oxidative stress biomarkers. Methods 2546 subjects’ mean age ± SD, 40.35 ± 6.70 (46% male) were recruited. All participants underwent objective refraction using auto-refractometer and retinoscopy, followed by subjective refraction, and bio-microscopy. Pentacam imaging was performed for the detected keratoconus patients. The prevalence of keratoconus and frequency of the visual impairment among keratoconus cases were evaluated. Potential risk factors of sex, age, family history of keratoconus, body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, serum levels of glucose ≥ 100 mg/d, low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) ≥ 110 mg/dL, high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol ≤ 40 mg/d, and triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL in the blood were evaluated. Results The prevalence of keratoconus at least in one eye was 0.98% (95% CI: 0.6- 1.4%). The best corrected visual acuity in the ...

Journal of Modern Rehabilitation

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to determine the refractive profile of strabis... more Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to determine the refractive profile of strabismic children under 8 in a tertiary referral center in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on the medical records of 357 patients under the age of 8 who had one type of strabismus in Farabi Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between 2015 and 2019. All routine ophthalmic examinations were done for all patients. Cycloplegic refraction was performed after the instillation of two drops of cyclopentolate 1% with an interval of 5 minutes, and the refractive error was measured after 30 minutes. The diagnostic criteria were based on cycloplegic refraction in which myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism were defined when the refractive error was -0.25, +0.75, and -0.50 diopter (D) or more, respectively. The cycloplegic results were classified into different groups with an interval of 1.00 D, and astigmatism was also assessed separately. Results: In this stu...

Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, May 23, 2021

Background and Aim: One of the requirements of safe driving is having good and strong vision. Som... more Background and Aim: One of the requirements of safe driving is having good and strong vision. Some vision disorders, can increase the risk of traffic accidents. The present article was conducted to examine the role of decreased visual acuity, contrast sensitivity disorder, and visual field defect in accidents. Also, some recommendations are provided to improve these factors. Materials and Methods: In the present review article, three databases of Google scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were search for articles in English and without time limitation using some keywords (Contrast sensitivity, visual field, inappropriate glasses, traffic accidents, and vision impairment) individually and in combinations. Findings: If there is a correlation between visual acuity and accidents, it is very weak. There was a positive correlation between contrast sensitivity disorder and traffic accidents. The risk of traffic accidents can be increased if the visual field defect is binocular and severe. The main...

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL …, 2007

Background and purpose: The literature on distance education has provided different reports about... more Background and purpose: The literature on distance education has provided different reports about the effectiveness of traditional lecture based settings versus computer based study settings. This study is an attempt to compare the learning outcomes of the traditional lecture based teaching with that of the computer based learning in the optometry curriculum. Methods: Two courses in the optometry curriculum, Optometry I, with 24 students and Optometry II, with 27 students were used in this study. In each course, the students were randomly divided into two groups. In each scheduled class session, one group randomly attended the lecture, while the other studied in the computer stations. The same content was presented to both groups and at end of each session the same quiz was given to both. In the next session, the groups switched place. This process continued for four weeks. The quizzes were scored and a paired t-test was used to examine any difference. The data was analyzed by SPSS 15 software. Results: The mean score for Optometry I, lecture settings was 3.36 +0.59, for Optometry I computer based study was 3.27+0.63 , for Optometry II, in lecture setting was 3.22+0.57 and for Optometry II, computer based setting was 2.85+0.69. The paired sample t-test was performed on the scores, revealing no statistical significant difference between the two settings. However, the mean score for lecture sessions was slightly higher in lecture settings. Conclusion: Since this study reveals that the learning outcomes in traditional lecture based settings and computer based study are not significantly different, the lecture sessions can be safely replaced by the computer based study session. Further practice in the computer based setting might reveal better outcomes in computer study settings.

Background and Aim: Clinical observations and previous studies have shown an inverse relationship... more Background and Aim: Clinical observations and previous studies have shown an inverse relationship between refractive error and anterior chamber depth. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between the amount of myopia with anterior chamber parameters such as volume, angle, depth and the difference in these parameters between genders. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 83 refractive surgery candidates (-0.5 to-9) aged between 20-40who have undergone Oculyzer photography were investigated. Statistical analysis of data extracted from patient's files performed using spss18 and relation between variables were assessed by Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient. T-test for comparison of variables or the nonparametric equivalent (Mann-Whitney) was used. Results: In this group there was no statisticaly significant correlation between anterior chamber volume(P=0.611, r =0.057), angle(P= 0.780, r=-0.031), depth(P= 0.944, r=0.008) and refractive er...

Salāmat-i kār-i Īrān, 2020

Background and aims: computer vision syndrome refers to a set of visual and non-­visual symptoms ... more Background and aims: computer vision syndrome refers to a set of visual and non-­visual symptoms due to long-­term use of video terminals and causes complaints such as; blur vision, difficulty in vision of near and far, burning, headache, back and neck discomfort. Considering the increasing use of computers in the official environments and various jobs and the consequent increasing in clinical referrals of computer users due to eye complaints caused by working with computer, computer vision syndrome has become one of the most important health issues in society. In Iran, the most common eye problems were related to extra ocular problems with a prevalence of 46.2% and eye strain with a prevalence of 45.4% and the prevalence of eye fatigue due to working with video terminals was reported to be 91.4%. In Saudi Arabia, headaches and vision problems were reported with 68% and 65% prevalence, respectively. In Ghana, the prevalence of computer vision syndrome was 51.5%. This study was aimed...

Journal of Current Ophthalmology

Human has always been trying to become familiar with different parts of the eye. It seems that in... more Human has always been trying to become familiar with different parts of the eye. It seems that in the beginning of his efforts; he has become familiar with the functions of the pupil of the eye, using these data, he was able to make the dark room and use the hole to relieve the refractive errors. It can be said that the human in the prehistory and post-history periods had been able to solve his visual problems by using the existing facilities including pinholes.

Journal of paramedical sciences, 2014

Dry eye is the major contributor to computer vision syndrome. The reductions in the blink rate an... more Dry eye is the major contributor to computer vision syndrome. The reductions in the blink rate and amplitude have been considered as the possible mechanisms leading to this condition. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes in the lower tear meniscus heights and areas in the computer reading task, in dry eye subjects, with and without soft contact lenses. In this quasi-experimental study , 39 subjects (with mean age of 21.2 ± 2.4 years), with dry eye, were enrolled. The lower tear meniscus height and area (TMH, TMA) of the right eye was captured by Spectral Optical Coherence Tomography before and after 45 minutes of reading task behind desktop 17” Cathode Ray Tube monitors. The same procedure was performed after the insertion of the hydrogel soft contact lenses with 58% water content. The results of TMHs, TMAs were analyzed with a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with two within-subject factors. : The mean ± standard error of TMH and TMA pre and post com...

Scientific journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 2020

Background and Aim: Vision improvement and reduction of refractive errors are considered as impor... more Background and Aim: Vision improvement and reduction of refractive errors are considered as important goals of cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate residual refractive errors after cataract surgery in the patients with senile cataract in Shahid Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad City between 2017 and 2018. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 178 patients. Visual acuity, refractive errors and biometry of 192 eyes with senile cataract were evaluated before and one month after surgery. Refractive error and biometry measurements were performed with an autorefractometer and IOL master, respectively. SRK/T formula was used for IOL power calculation. We used paired T-test for analysis of data with normal distribution and nonparametric Wilcoxon test for the rest of data. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean equivalent spherical refraction decreased from -0.7 ±0.22 before surgery to -0.04 ±0.06 after surgery (P≤0.001)....

The Europeans consider Roger Bacon as the inventor of spectacles, and the 13 Century, as the begi... more The Europeans consider Roger Bacon as the inventor of spectacles, and the 13 Century, as the beginning of using lenses as spectacles. It can truly be said that the lenses had not been born all of a sudden then. It may be concluded that the lenses had been available long before that time. We are all familiar with quartz, a transparent volcanic stone that begins its journey in the rivers after it forms. In the river, it rubs to the other stones and water and finds the shape of a lens. This beauty and transparency causes man to make glasses and put it in front of his eyes. Reports on the joint excavations in Eastern Azerbaijan Province in Iran (Tabriz, Khosroshah, Newly excavated, Yanik Tappeh, 1962), by Professor Charles Bernie from the University of Manchester were published in the book “History of Archeology” by Dr. Gholam Reza Masoomi. Following studying the reports by Professor Charles Bernie in Yanik Tappeh and also by examining the spectacle being kept at Iran-e Bastan museum, w...