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Papers by Christine Hallett
Edith Cavell and her Legend, 2018
Edith Cavell has been portrayed in many different ways, and this book examines her myriad “faces”... more Edith Cavell has been portrayed in many different ways, and this book examines her myriad “faces”, as they have been constructed and handed down by propagandists, biographers, and artists. Its introduction relates these ideas to a rigorous form of “public history”, in which analysis can intersect with commemoration. Edith Cavell was first introduced to the British public through a series of Foreign Office statements which claimed to establish the “facts” of her case. Her own voice, along with those of her family, colleagues, and friends, was muted, as a monolithic image of a national heroine and martyr emerged. The two main areas of tension in her commemoration are identified. The difference between the complexity of her behaviour and motivations and the simplicity of the “legend” that was constructed around her is highlighted. And the attempts of individuals and professional organisations to commemorate her life and work are contrasted with the public construction of a “heroine” who could be of value to the nation state.
Nursing History Review, 2015
Revista Baiana de Enfermagem, 2021
Tens of thousands of women prepared themselves for war service as nurses in the years leading up ... more Tens of thousands of women prepared themselves for war service as nurses in the years leading up to the First World War. A minority of these were fully trained. Others attached themselves to VADs, undertook short courses in sick-nursing, bandaging, invalid cookery, and hygiene, and held themselves in readiness for war. Still others came forward at the outbreak of war with no training at all, and began developing their skills in the heat and stress of the wartime emergency. Anne Summers has shown that British and Dominion women had been preparing themselves, at least mentally, for decades to play their part in an anticipated conflict; their very preparedness had made war more likely. 1 As nurses they knew that not only would they be in an ideal position to observe the events of war; they would also be 'in the thick of the action' , 2 and their eagerness to volunteer for overseas service can be understood as part of this desire to be an integral element of the war effort. As nurses' memoirs began to be published during the war itself, it became evident that events were not meeting their expectations. Although war service was sometimes exciting and adventurous, it more often alternated between tedious and uncomfortable waits, and 'rushes' of overwhelming activity during which one watched men die, powerless to save them. In the first months of war, VADs served only in voluntary hospitals of the Red Cross or Order of St John of Jerusalem. In the spring of 1915, at the height of the emergency created by unsuccessful assaults on the Western Front at Ypres, Festubert, and Neuve Chapelle, the military medical services agreed to accept VADs in military hospitals both in Britain and overseas. 3
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 1997
Nursing History Review, 2019
During the Korean War (1950–1953) the Norwegian government sent a mobile army surgical hospital (... more During the Korean War (1950–1953) the Norwegian government sent a mobile army surgical hospital (MASH) to support the efforts of the United Nations (UN) Army. From the first, its status was ambiguous. The US-led military medical services believed that the “Norwegian Mobile Army Surgical Hospital” (NORMASH) was no different from any other MASH; but both its originators and its staff regarded it as a vehicle for humanitarian aid. Members of the hospital soon recognized that their status in the war zone was primarily that of a military field hospital. Yet they insisted on providing essential medical care to the local civilian population as well as trauma care to UN soldiers and prisoners of war. The ambiguities that arose from the dual mission of NORMASH are explored in this article, which pays particular attention to the experiences of nurses, as expressed in three types of source: their contemporary letters to their Matron-in-Chief; a report written by one nurse shortly after the war...
Nurse Writers of the Great War, 2016
In Bynum W and Bynum H Editor Great Discoveries in Medicine London Thames and Hudson 2011, 2011
International Journal of Nursing Studies, 1997
In 1992, as part of a study funded by the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Healt... more In 1992, as part of a study funded by the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting, the author conducted 26 interviews, 12 with students on the newly-introduced Diploma in Higher Education for Nurses, and 14 with District Nursing Sisters who supervised them during their community placements. The approach to the work was interpretive and was guided by phenomenology. It was discovered that one of the most valuable contributions of their 'community experience' was the opportunities it gave the students to 'think through' and develop their own ideas about their practice. The author's interpretation of these findings was influenced by Donald Schon's ideas about reflective practice and coaching. His theory that professional practice is based on 'knowing-in-action' and 'theories-in-use' which are formulated and modified through a process of 'reflection-in-action' seemed to have direct relevance for the learning acquired by students. The help and guidance given to students by their supervisors bore some resemblance to the types of coaching advocated by Schon, to which he gave the names 'Joint Experimentation', 'Follow Me' and 'Hall of Mirrors'. The interpretation placed on the data discussed here also, however, differs from Schon's theories in advocating that more attention should be given to the academic theory referred to by him as 'technical rationality'.
International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 2002
The dominant professional understanding of good death is death where symptoms are controlled, the... more The dominant professional understanding of good death is death where symptoms are controlled, the inevitability of death has been accepted and preparations have been made leading to peace for all involved. It seems surprising, in a pluralistic society, that there might be such a clear common understanding of good death. This study looks at the understandings of good death voiced by 28 staff nurses who were interviewed about their experiences of caring for dying people in hospital. The findings suggest that a nurse’S understanding of good death had elements that were shared with her colleagues, but also that there was a personal understandings of a good death. The concept of good death is perhaps a reduction that leads to an incorrect assumption of a shared understanding of the acceptable way to care for a dying person. The concept of ‘personally ideal death’ is proposed as a refinement of good death that recognises that the beliefs and values of each individual influences what they ...
Journal of Medical Biography, 2008
Colin Fraser Brockington was Professor of Social and Preventive Medicine at the University of Man... more Colin Fraser Brockington was Professor of Social and Preventive Medicine at the University of Manchester from 1952 to 1965. During that time he developed the Diploma in Community Nursing, the first pre-registration training course for nurses at a British University. This paper traces Brockington's education and career and explores his commitment to university-based nursing education which appears to have stemmed from his desire to enhance and broaden the role of the health visitor. It also considers the implications of the innovative course at Manchester and evaluates the way in which it influenced the gradual movement of nursing education into the university sector throughout the UK.
Public perceptions of the work of nurses and VADvolunteers in the First World War have been heavi... more Public perceptions of the work of nurses and VADvolunteers in the First World War have been heavily influenced by a small number of VAD-writings. The work of trained, professional nurses in supporting and supervised the work of VADs has been largely overlooked. This paper examines several of the writings of both volunteers and professionals, and emphasises the overlooked supervisory, managerial and clinical work of trained nurses. In this centenary year of the First World War's opening months, the paper also explores the ways in which the British mass-media-notably the BBC-have chosen to cling to a romantic image of the untrained nurse, whilst at the same time acknowledging the significance of trained, professional nursing.
Social History of Medicine, 2010
Nurse Education Today, 1995
As part of an English National Board funded research study, the authors sent questionnaires to 25... more As part of an English National Board funded research study, the authors sent questionnaires to 2500 individuals with community nursing qualifications. The survey was complemented by a series of interviews with community nurse managers. Data indicated that community nurses were spending very considerable amounts of time with students. The number of placements provided per year varied considerably from one respondent to another, as did the average duration of a placement. Community nurses were providing community experience for a variety of types of nursing students, as well as students of other professions, and the time commitment involved placed them under considerable strain. The authors conclude that there is a need to recognise the time given by community nurses to work with students, and the resource implications of this commitment.
Edith Cavell and her Legend, 2018
Edith Cavell has been portrayed in many different ways, and this book examines her myriad “faces”... more Edith Cavell has been portrayed in many different ways, and this book examines her myriad “faces”, as they have been constructed and handed down by propagandists, biographers, and artists. Its introduction relates these ideas to a rigorous form of “public history”, in which analysis can intersect with commemoration. Edith Cavell was first introduced to the British public through a series of Foreign Office statements which claimed to establish the “facts” of her case. Her own voice, along with those of her family, colleagues, and friends, was muted, as a monolithic image of a national heroine and martyr emerged. The two main areas of tension in her commemoration are identified. The difference between the complexity of her behaviour and motivations and the simplicity of the “legend” that was constructed around her is highlighted. And the attempts of individuals and professional organisations to commemorate her life and work are contrasted with the public construction of a “heroine” who could be of value to the nation state.
Nursing History Review, 2015
Revista Baiana de Enfermagem, 2021
Tens of thousands of women prepared themselves for war service as nurses in the years leading up ... more Tens of thousands of women prepared themselves for war service as nurses in the years leading up to the First World War. A minority of these were fully trained. Others attached themselves to VADs, undertook short courses in sick-nursing, bandaging, invalid cookery, and hygiene, and held themselves in readiness for war. Still others came forward at the outbreak of war with no training at all, and began developing their skills in the heat and stress of the wartime emergency. Anne Summers has shown that British and Dominion women had been preparing themselves, at least mentally, for decades to play their part in an anticipated conflict; their very preparedness had made war more likely. 1 As nurses they knew that not only would they be in an ideal position to observe the events of war; they would also be 'in the thick of the action' , 2 and their eagerness to volunteer for overseas service can be understood as part of this desire to be an integral element of the war effort. As nurses' memoirs began to be published during the war itself, it became evident that events were not meeting their expectations. Although war service was sometimes exciting and adventurous, it more often alternated between tedious and uncomfortable waits, and 'rushes' of overwhelming activity during which one watched men die, powerless to save them. In the first months of war, VADs served only in voluntary hospitals of the Red Cross or Order of St John of Jerusalem. In the spring of 1915, at the height of the emergency created by unsuccessful assaults on the Western Front at Ypres, Festubert, and Neuve Chapelle, the military medical services agreed to accept VADs in military hospitals both in Britain and overseas. 3
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 1997
Nursing History Review, 2019
During the Korean War (1950–1953) the Norwegian government sent a mobile army surgical hospital (... more During the Korean War (1950–1953) the Norwegian government sent a mobile army surgical hospital (MASH) to support the efforts of the United Nations (UN) Army. From the first, its status was ambiguous. The US-led military medical services believed that the “Norwegian Mobile Army Surgical Hospital” (NORMASH) was no different from any other MASH; but both its originators and its staff regarded it as a vehicle for humanitarian aid. Members of the hospital soon recognized that their status in the war zone was primarily that of a military field hospital. Yet they insisted on providing essential medical care to the local civilian population as well as trauma care to UN soldiers and prisoners of war. The ambiguities that arose from the dual mission of NORMASH are explored in this article, which pays particular attention to the experiences of nurses, as expressed in three types of source: their contemporary letters to their Matron-in-Chief; a report written by one nurse shortly after the war...
Nurse Writers of the Great War, 2016
In Bynum W and Bynum H Editor Great Discoveries in Medicine London Thames and Hudson 2011, 2011
International Journal of Nursing Studies, 1997
In 1992, as part of a study funded by the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Healt... more In 1992, as part of a study funded by the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting, the author conducted 26 interviews, 12 with students on the newly-introduced Diploma in Higher Education for Nurses, and 14 with District Nursing Sisters who supervised them during their community placements. The approach to the work was interpretive and was guided by phenomenology. It was discovered that one of the most valuable contributions of their 'community experience' was the opportunities it gave the students to 'think through' and develop their own ideas about their practice. The author's interpretation of these findings was influenced by Donald Schon's ideas about reflective practice and coaching. His theory that professional practice is based on 'knowing-in-action' and 'theories-in-use' which are formulated and modified through a process of 'reflection-in-action' seemed to have direct relevance for the learning acquired by students. The help and guidance given to students by their supervisors bore some resemblance to the types of coaching advocated by Schon, to which he gave the names 'Joint Experimentation', 'Follow Me' and 'Hall of Mirrors'. The interpretation placed on the data discussed here also, however, differs from Schon's theories in advocating that more attention should be given to the academic theory referred to by him as 'technical rationality'.
International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 2002
The dominant professional understanding of good death is death where symptoms are controlled, the... more The dominant professional understanding of good death is death where symptoms are controlled, the inevitability of death has been accepted and preparations have been made leading to peace for all involved. It seems surprising, in a pluralistic society, that there might be such a clear common understanding of good death. This study looks at the understandings of good death voiced by 28 staff nurses who were interviewed about their experiences of caring for dying people in hospital. The findings suggest that a nurse’S understanding of good death had elements that were shared with her colleagues, but also that there was a personal understandings of a good death. The concept of good death is perhaps a reduction that leads to an incorrect assumption of a shared understanding of the acceptable way to care for a dying person. The concept of ‘personally ideal death’ is proposed as a refinement of good death that recognises that the beliefs and values of each individual influences what they ...
Journal of Medical Biography, 2008
Colin Fraser Brockington was Professor of Social and Preventive Medicine at the University of Man... more Colin Fraser Brockington was Professor of Social and Preventive Medicine at the University of Manchester from 1952 to 1965. During that time he developed the Diploma in Community Nursing, the first pre-registration training course for nurses at a British University. This paper traces Brockington's education and career and explores his commitment to university-based nursing education which appears to have stemmed from his desire to enhance and broaden the role of the health visitor. It also considers the implications of the innovative course at Manchester and evaluates the way in which it influenced the gradual movement of nursing education into the university sector throughout the UK.
Public perceptions of the work of nurses and VADvolunteers in the First World War have been heavi... more Public perceptions of the work of nurses and VADvolunteers in the First World War have been heavily influenced by a small number of VAD-writings. The work of trained, professional nurses in supporting and supervised the work of VADs has been largely overlooked. This paper examines several of the writings of both volunteers and professionals, and emphasises the overlooked supervisory, managerial and clinical work of trained nurses. In this centenary year of the First World War's opening months, the paper also explores the ways in which the British mass-media-notably the BBC-have chosen to cling to a romantic image of the untrained nurse, whilst at the same time acknowledging the significance of trained, professional nursing.
Social History of Medicine, 2010
Nurse Education Today, 1995
As part of an English National Board funded research study, the authors sent questionnaires to 25... more As part of an English National Board funded research study, the authors sent questionnaires to 2500 individuals with community nursing qualifications. The survey was complemented by a series of interviews with community nurse managers. Data indicated that community nurses were spending very considerable amounts of time with students. The number of placements provided per year varied considerably from one respondent to another, as did the average duration of a placement. Community nurses were providing community experience for a variety of types of nursing students, as well as students of other professions, and the time commitment involved placed them under considerable strain. The authors conclude that there is a need to recognise the time given by community nurses to work with students, and the resource implications of this commitment.