Hamed Khani - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hamed Khani

Research paper thumbnail of Teaching-learning in Clinical Education Based on Epistemological Orientations: A Multi- method Study

IntroductionTeaching-learning is the heart of medical education in the clinical setting. The obje... more IntroductionTeaching-learning is the heart of medical education in the clinical setting. The objective of this research was to develop a conceptual model of effective clinical teaching in undergraduate medical education and conceptualize its operational framework based on the best fit approach.MethodsThis research consisted of three sub-studies conducted using a multi-method approach. The first sub-study was conducted using a qualitative meta-synthesis approach. The second sub-study used Clarke's situational analysis approach as a postmodern version of grounded theory. Finally, the third sub-study was designed in two stages. First, it was conducted using the expert panel, in the second step, framework of synthesis based on best fit, and the framework of Ottenhoff- de Jonge et al., which formed the basis of this study.ResultsIn the first sub-study, qualitative evidence on the factors of effective teaching-learning in clinical education was synthesized into five dimensions. Based ...

Research paper thumbnail of Teaching-learning in clinical education based on epistemological orientations: A multi-method study

PLoS One, 2023

Introduction: Teaching-learning is the heart of medical education in the clinical setting. The o... more Introduction: Teaching-learning is the heart of medical education in the clinical setting. The objective of this research was to develop a conceptual model of effective clinical teaching in undergraduate medical education and conceptualize its operational framework based on the best fit approach.

Materials and methods: This research consisted of three sub-studies conducted using a multi-method approach. The first sub-study was conducted using a qualitative meta-synthesis approach. The second sub-study used Clarke's situational analysis approach as a postmodern version of grounded theory. Finally, the third sub-study was designed in two stages. First, it was conducted using the expert panel, in the second step, framework of synthesis based on best fit, and the framework of Ottenhoff- de Jonge et al., which formed the basis of this study.

Results: In the first sub-study, qualitative evidence on the factors of effective teaching-learning in clinical education was synthesized into five dimensions. Based on the second sub-study, the clinical teaching-learning situation in undergraduate medical education in Iran was represented in three maps, including situational, social worlds/arenas, and positional. Finally, in the third sub-study, based on model modification and development in the expert panel, the effective teaching-learning dimensions were developed into behavioral, social, pedagogical, technology, contextual, educational leadership, and financial dimensions. In the second step, based on the framework of Ottenhoff- de Jonge et al., a three-dimensional matrix was developed concerning epistemological orientations about teaching and learning.

Research paper thumbnail of The situational analysis of teaching-learning in clinical education in Iran: a postmodern grounded theory study

BioMed Central, 2022

Background: Clinical teaching-learning is a context-bound phenomenon. One of the problems related... more Background: Clinical teaching-learning is a context-bound phenomenon. One of the problems related to field of medical education research is the lack of sufficient attention to context-appropriate methodologies. The purpose of this qualitative inquiry is to explain and represent teaching-learning in the clinical education of general medicine in Iran using the three types of maps situational, social worlds/arenas, positional, in combination with discourse analysis. Methods: In this study, the authors used the situational analysis approach as a postmodern version of grounded theory. The data collection was undertaken in three stages. In the first stage, a mini literature review was conducted to highlight a possible gap in applying situational analysis in medical education research and the development of this methodology. In the second stage, the latest and most up-to-date documents of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) of Iran, the general medicine curriculum, and related documents were analyzed. Finally, the remote semi-structured interviews (web-based and telephone) were undertaken in the third stage. Participants in this stage included expert clinical teachers, medical education specialists, and students. In this study, the notes and transcripts were analyzed for the emergence and categorization of sub-themes and themes, represented in three maps. Results: Thirty-one participants were involved in the web-based interviews, while seven participants took part in the telephone interview. Based on this research, the teaching-learning situation in clinical education on general medicine in Iran was represented in three maps; situational, social worlds/arenas, and positional. In addition, the results showed, clinical education of general medicine in Iran in six positions (curriculum; culture, behavior and attitude; management and leadership; environment, space and time; financial; and technology) has serious problems and challenges. Finally, based on the horizontal axis of the positional map, recommendations were provided to develop and support effective clinical teaching. Conclusions: The clinical learning environment is a complex and multi-layered social environment in which should be considered these numerous social layers, arenas, social worlds, and discourses while developing curricula and teaching.

Research paper thumbnail of The Development of the Framework of Effective Teaching-Learning in Clinical Education: A Meta-Synthesis Approach

Education Research International

Teaching as the center of every curriculum is a set of actions undertaken to create and facilitat... more Teaching as the center of every curriculum is a set of actions undertaken to create and facilitate student learning. In recent years, the number of qualitative studies of effective teaching in clinical education of undergraduate medical education has increased. As the number of research studies grows, it is necessary to aggregate them. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to synthesize effective teaching-learning factors through the meta-synthesis in clinical education. In this study, the meta-synthesis approach was used to synthesize qualitative evidence in relation to effective teaching-learning factors in clinical education. From 1990 to 2021, electronic databases and journals were searched to identify studies and publications on effective teaching-learning factors in clinical education. Based on the combination and search strategies in the databases (OVID, PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Eric, Magiran, and SID), 33,799 and 56 studies were identified from other sources. Follo...

Research paper thumbnail of The Perceptions of Patients and Their Families About a Good Physician: A Qualitative Content Analysis

STRIDES IN DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL EDUCATION, 2018

Background: A universal challenge in the development of medical training methods is the descripti... more Background: A universal challenge in the development of medical training methods is the description and characteristics of a good physician. It is essential to collect the information of hospitalized patients and their families in order to revise the curricula of medical departments. Objectives: The present study aimed to explain the viewpoints of patients and their families about the key characteristics of a good physician. Methods: The present study was carried out using inductive content analysis in 2017. The study sample consisted of patients admitted to different wards of Imam Khomeini Hospital (Tehran, Iran), as well as family members accompanying the patients. Data were collected via purposeful sampling (maximum variation sampling) by conducting semi-structured interviews until reaching data saturation. After the recorded interviews were transcribed, they were reviewed several times and analyzed using Elo and Kyngas coding system. Results: A total of 19 participants, including 13 patients and six accompanying family members, were recruited in the present study (11 males and 8 females). The analysis of interviews with the participants indicated seven major categories: "Positive personality traits"; "academic and clinical proficiency"; "professionalism"; "effective communication skills"; "fairness and altruism"; "spiritual-ity"; and "continuous professional development". Conclusions: The definition of a good physician by patients and their families has different implications in educational programs, as future physicians not only can benefit from education about the medical needs of their patients, but also should be familiar with the needs, fears, and concerns of their patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Teaching-learning in Clinical Education Based on Epistemological Orientations: A Multi- method Study

IntroductionTeaching-learning is the heart of medical education in the clinical setting. The obje... more IntroductionTeaching-learning is the heart of medical education in the clinical setting. The objective of this research was to develop a conceptual model of effective clinical teaching in undergraduate medical education and conceptualize its operational framework based on the best fit approach.MethodsThis research consisted of three sub-studies conducted using a multi-method approach. The first sub-study was conducted using a qualitative meta-synthesis approach. The second sub-study used Clarke's situational analysis approach as a postmodern version of grounded theory. Finally, the third sub-study was designed in two stages. First, it was conducted using the expert panel, in the second step, framework of synthesis based on best fit, and the framework of Ottenhoff- de Jonge et al., which formed the basis of this study.ResultsIn the first sub-study, qualitative evidence on the factors of effective teaching-learning in clinical education was synthesized into five dimensions. Based ...

Research paper thumbnail of Teaching-learning in clinical education based on epistemological orientations: A multi-method study

PLoS One, 2023

Introduction: Teaching-learning is the heart of medical education in the clinical setting. The o... more Introduction: Teaching-learning is the heart of medical education in the clinical setting. The objective of this research was to develop a conceptual model of effective clinical teaching in undergraduate medical education and conceptualize its operational framework based on the best fit approach.

Materials and methods: This research consisted of three sub-studies conducted using a multi-method approach. The first sub-study was conducted using a qualitative meta-synthesis approach. The second sub-study used Clarke's situational analysis approach as a postmodern version of grounded theory. Finally, the third sub-study was designed in two stages. First, it was conducted using the expert panel, in the second step, framework of synthesis based on best fit, and the framework of Ottenhoff- de Jonge et al., which formed the basis of this study.

Results: In the first sub-study, qualitative evidence on the factors of effective teaching-learning in clinical education was synthesized into five dimensions. Based on the second sub-study, the clinical teaching-learning situation in undergraduate medical education in Iran was represented in three maps, including situational, social worlds/arenas, and positional. Finally, in the third sub-study, based on model modification and development in the expert panel, the effective teaching-learning dimensions were developed into behavioral, social, pedagogical, technology, contextual, educational leadership, and financial dimensions. In the second step, based on the framework of Ottenhoff- de Jonge et al., a three-dimensional matrix was developed concerning epistemological orientations about teaching and learning.

Research paper thumbnail of The situational analysis of teaching-learning in clinical education in Iran: a postmodern grounded theory study

BioMed Central, 2022

Background: Clinical teaching-learning is a context-bound phenomenon. One of the problems related... more Background: Clinical teaching-learning is a context-bound phenomenon. One of the problems related to field of medical education research is the lack of sufficient attention to context-appropriate methodologies. The purpose of this qualitative inquiry is to explain and represent teaching-learning in the clinical education of general medicine in Iran using the three types of maps situational, social worlds/arenas, positional, in combination with discourse analysis. Methods: In this study, the authors used the situational analysis approach as a postmodern version of grounded theory. The data collection was undertaken in three stages. In the first stage, a mini literature review was conducted to highlight a possible gap in applying situational analysis in medical education research and the development of this methodology. In the second stage, the latest and most up-to-date documents of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) of Iran, the general medicine curriculum, and related documents were analyzed. Finally, the remote semi-structured interviews (web-based and telephone) were undertaken in the third stage. Participants in this stage included expert clinical teachers, medical education specialists, and students. In this study, the notes and transcripts were analyzed for the emergence and categorization of sub-themes and themes, represented in three maps. Results: Thirty-one participants were involved in the web-based interviews, while seven participants took part in the telephone interview. Based on this research, the teaching-learning situation in clinical education on general medicine in Iran was represented in three maps; situational, social worlds/arenas, and positional. In addition, the results showed, clinical education of general medicine in Iran in six positions (curriculum; culture, behavior and attitude; management and leadership; environment, space and time; financial; and technology) has serious problems and challenges. Finally, based on the horizontal axis of the positional map, recommendations were provided to develop and support effective clinical teaching. Conclusions: The clinical learning environment is a complex and multi-layered social environment in which should be considered these numerous social layers, arenas, social worlds, and discourses while developing curricula and teaching.

Research paper thumbnail of The Development of the Framework of Effective Teaching-Learning in Clinical Education: A Meta-Synthesis Approach

Education Research International

Teaching as the center of every curriculum is a set of actions undertaken to create and facilitat... more Teaching as the center of every curriculum is a set of actions undertaken to create and facilitate student learning. In recent years, the number of qualitative studies of effective teaching in clinical education of undergraduate medical education has increased. As the number of research studies grows, it is necessary to aggregate them. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to synthesize effective teaching-learning factors through the meta-synthesis in clinical education. In this study, the meta-synthesis approach was used to synthesize qualitative evidence in relation to effective teaching-learning factors in clinical education. From 1990 to 2021, electronic databases and journals were searched to identify studies and publications on effective teaching-learning factors in clinical education. Based on the combination and search strategies in the databases (OVID, PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Eric, Magiran, and SID), 33,799 and 56 studies were identified from other sources. Follo...

Research paper thumbnail of The Perceptions of Patients and Their Families About a Good Physician: A Qualitative Content Analysis

STRIDES IN DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL EDUCATION, 2018

Background: A universal challenge in the development of medical training methods is the descripti... more Background: A universal challenge in the development of medical training methods is the description and characteristics of a good physician. It is essential to collect the information of hospitalized patients and their families in order to revise the curricula of medical departments. Objectives: The present study aimed to explain the viewpoints of patients and their families about the key characteristics of a good physician. Methods: The present study was carried out using inductive content analysis in 2017. The study sample consisted of patients admitted to different wards of Imam Khomeini Hospital (Tehran, Iran), as well as family members accompanying the patients. Data were collected via purposeful sampling (maximum variation sampling) by conducting semi-structured interviews until reaching data saturation. After the recorded interviews were transcribed, they were reviewed several times and analyzed using Elo and Kyngas coding system. Results: A total of 19 participants, including 13 patients and six accompanying family members, were recruited in the present study (11 males and 8 females). The analysis of interviews with the participants indicated seven major categories: "Positive personality traits"; "academic and clinical proficiency"; "professionalism"; "effective communication skills"; "fairness and altruism"; "spiritual-ity"; and "continuous professional development". Conclusions: The definition of a good physician by patients and their families has different implications in educational programs, as future physicians not only can benefit from education about the medical needs of their patients, but also should be familiar with the needs, fears, and concerns of their patients.