Hamid Awad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hamid Awad

Several modal split models have been created around the world to forecast which mode of transport... more Several modal split models have been created around the world to forecast which mode of transportation will be selected by the trip-maker from among a variety of available modes of transportation. This modeling is essential from a planning standpoint, as transportation systems typically receive significant investment. In this study, the main purpose was to develop a mode choice model using multiple linear regressions for Ramadi city in Iraq. The study area was divided into traffic analysis zones (TAZ) to facilitate data collection. The data was collected through a home interview of the trip makers in their home units through a questionnaire designed for this purpose. The result showed that the most influential factors on the mode choice for the general trips model using multiple linear regressions are car ownership, age, and trip cost. This model gave a good correlation coefficient of 0.829 meaning that the independent variables explain 82.9 of variance in the dependent variable (type of mode), which will help transport planners in developing policies and solutions for future.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, Feb 8, 2022

Several different deterministic and probabilistic mathematical approaches have been used to devel... more Several different deterministic and probabilistic mathematical approaches have been used to develop modal split models. The data collected by a questionnaire survey approach is frequently associated with subjectivity, imprecision, and ambiguity. additionally, several linguistic terms are used to express some of the transportation planning variables. This can be solved by modeling mode choosing behavior with artificial intelligence techniques such as fuzzy logic. In this research, Ramadi city in Iraq has been selected as a study area. For the purpose of obtaining data, the study area was divided into traffic analysis zones (TAZ). The total number of traffic zones was set as 28 traffic zones, 22 were internal traffic zones and 6 external traffic zones. Field surveys and questionnaires are used to collect data on traffic, land use, and socioeconomic characteristics factors (age, gender, vehicle ownership, family income, trip purpose, trip origin and destination, trip time, waiting duration, duration inside mode, trip origin and destination, trip cost, and type of mode used for transport). The results showed that the modal split models based on the fuzzy inference system can deal with linguistic variables as well as address uncertainty and subjectivity and they gave very good prediction accuracy for future prediction. Fuzzy inference system proved that all factors affected the mode choice with a very strong correlation coefficient (R) equal to 93.1 for general trips but when the results were compared with multiple linear regression model found that the correlation coefficient (R) equal to 28.9 for general trips and the most influential factors on the mode choice are car ownership, age and trip cost. Thus, it can be concluded that fuzzy logic models were more capable of capturing and integrating human knowledge in mode selection behavior. In addition, this study will help decision-makers to plan transportation policies for Ramadi city.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, Mar 1, 2022

Transport is a vital part of urban life and a foundation for society's growth. It is a wonderful ... more Transport is a vital part of urban life and a foundation for society's growth. It is a wonderful indication of the growth and development of cities. It protects the free flow of people, commodities and the economy.. Despite the great advancement in technology, it still has many difficulties in developed and developing nations, particularly in our country, such as environmental issues, where congestion leads to traffic pollution, noise and a rise in cars which is a problem in itself.. So transportation is an issue. And it became a subject of attention, requiring consideration of sustainability in the planning and development of transportation systems. Ramadi has been chosen as a model in this study because of its significant impact on sustainable development and the approach that thins our study. Using the data from the study area, which included 27 neighbourhoods, were analyzed by the SPSS statistical program , the results showed that the indicators of the environmental dimension had a direct and strong relationship. For Ramadi and other Iraqi cities, a sustainable development system may be developed based on based on the two indicators of pollution and green areas (0.794 and 0.776), on which a choice can be made about sustainable urban environmental transport.

Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences, Nov 1, 2010

The increase in traffic volumes at intersections is one of the important problems that makes diff... more The increase in traffic volumes at intersections is one of the important problems that makes difficulties in the traffic movement then leads to traffic congestion in these facilities. The objective of the present study is improvement the traffic operation of the selected intersection (Al-Zeoat intersection) in Al-Ramadi city by analysis and evaluation this intersection and using accepted solutions to improve the traffic operation of Al-Zeoat intersection under local exist conditions and present a best proposal to enhance the performance at the intersection. To achieve these objectives, the traffic volumes data collection and geometric layout for Al-Zeoat intersection that required for the traffic and geometrical analysis were gathered manually, while SIDRA traffic program is used for the requirements of traffic analysis process.

Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences, Nov 15, 2021

Transport is one of the most critical areas of urban life and an essential base for developing an... more Transport is one of the most critical areas of urban life and an essential base for developing and developing societies. It is a crucial indicator of the progress and development of cities and their great benefits. It saves from the movement of people and goods and the prosperity of the economy-social, economic and environmental issues globally and what we are witnessing in recent times. However, despite the tremendous advancement in technology, it continues to face numerous challenges in developed and developing nations, including our own. The absorption of the irrigated volume and any defect in the gradient causes many problems such as congestion, delays, traffic jams and the accompanying psychological, economic, social and environmental effects, energy consumption, depletion of natural resources and lifestyle. So transportation has become a concern. And it became a topic of concern that imposes the need to think about the preparation and development of the transportation system towards sustainability based on meeting transportation needs. In light of the negative impacts of the sustainable planning engineering dimension on the urban road network in Ramadi and for the Iraqi cities, we have thus attempted to study the effect of this project, given the critical impact on sustainable development and the approach used by thinking people and scholars in their studies and documents in Agenda 2030. Through evaluating the data from the research region, which comprised 27 Ramadi neighbourhoods, and applying them to the statistical analysis software (SPSS), it discovers that the schematic engineering dimension indicator represented by the hierarchy has direct and decisive connection significance. The local road area index achieved the most substantial linear relationship, followed by the collective, secondary and major roads indicators. They reached a medium relationship to formulate a sustainable development system based on Ramadi and other Iraqi cities. A decision is making about sustainable urban engineering transportation. And take an approach with whatever is good for the state.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, Dec 29, 2022

The reduction of gases emissions as one of its most significant long-term strategies in any count... more The reduction of gases emissions as one of its most significant long-term strategies in any country in the world. Many Iraqi cities suffered from the uncontrolled increasing in the number of vehicles which has a positive relationship with the emission of gases especially the carbon monoxide. This research aims to assess traffic effect characteristics such as logarithm of average flow, the percentage of heavy vehicles, and free flow speed on the emission of carbon monoxide. The study selected the main roads in Al-Ramadi network, the data was collected for traffic characteristics and carbon monoxide between 2018 to 2020. A random parameters technique was used to construct a model to estimate carbon monoxide emissions for 345 roadway segments. This approach was chosen because it can account for variability caused by traffic characteristics, resulting in more accurate predictions than other approaches. The results of the random parameters model show that the carbon monoxide emission increased due to increase the logarithmic of average flow, the percentage of heavy vehicles, and free flow speed. According to the model results, the parameters of logarithm of average flow, percentages of heavy vehicles, and free flow speed varied across the roadway segments.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, Dec 1, 2013

Multilane highways typically are located in suburban communities, leading into central cities, or... more Multilane highways typically are located in suburban communities, leading into central cities, or along high-volume rural corridors connecting two cities or significant activities that generate a substantial number of daily trips. The objectives of the present study include the analysis, and evaluation the level of service (LOS) on section for multilane highway in Ramadi city. The LOS multilane highway is based on density, which is calculated by dividing per lane flow by speed. The required traffic and geometrical data has been collected through field surveys on the section for multilane highway. Traffic volume data were collected manually and classified by vehicles types during each 15 minute interval. Highway Capacity Software 2000 (HCS 2000) program is used for the requirements of traffic analysis process to determine the level of service. It has concluded that the level of service on selected section for east bound is (A), and for west bound is (B).

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, Dec 1, 2008

Tikrit Journal of Engineering Science, Mar 28, 2014

The concept of capacity and level of service are central to the analysis of intersections, as the... more The concept of capacity and level of service are central to the analysis of intersections, as they are for all types of facilities. Both capacity and level of service must be fully considered to evaluate the overall operation of the intersections. The objectives of the present study include the analysis, evaluation level of service and traffic operation of Al- Abasse intersection in the CBD of Fallujah city. Al-Abbasi congested intersection which is located the CBD area of Fallujah are selected to achieve the objectives of the present study. The required traffic and geometrical data gathered manually to estimate the distribution of traffic in different directions. (HCS 2000) program are used for the requirements of traffic analysis process. It has concluded that the second proposal (construct flyover along New street toward Al – Kamaleat intersection) for the mentioned intersections is necessary to enhance the level of service and the traffic operation at Al – Abasse intersection in CBD of Fallujah city.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering

The reduction of gases emissions as one of its most significant long-term strategies in any count... more The reduction of gases emissions as one of its most significant long-term strategies in any country in the world. Many Iraqi cities suffered from the uncontrolled increasing in the number of vehicles which has a positive relationship with the emission of gases especially the carbon monoxide. This research aims to assess traffic effect characteristics such as logarithm of average flow, the percentage of heavy vehicles, and free flow speed on the emission of carbon monoxide. The study selected the main roads in Al-Ramadi network, the data was collected for traffic characteristics and carbon monoxide between 2018 to 2020. A random parameters technique was used to construct a model to estimate carbon monoxide emissions for 345 roadway segments. This approach was chosen because it can account for variability caused by traffic characteristics, resulting in more accurate predictions than other approaches. The results of the random parameters model show that the carbon monoxide emission increased due to increase the logarithmic of average flow, the percentage of heavy vehicles, and free flow speed. According to the model results, the parameters of logarithm of average flow, percentages of heavy vehicles, and free flow speed varied across the roadway segments.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering

Transport is a vital part of urban life and a foundation for society's growth. It is a wonderful ... more Transport is a vital part of urban life and a foundation for society's growth. It is a wonderful indication of the growth and development of cities. It protects the free flow of people, commodities and the economy.. Despite the great advancement in technology, it still has many difficulties in developed and developing nations, particularly in our country, such as environmental issues, where congestion leads to traffic pollution, noise and a rise in cars which is a problem in itself.. So transportation is an issue. And it became a subject of attention, requiring consideration of sustainability in the planning and development of transportation systems. Ramadi has been chosen as a model in this study because of its significant impact on sustainable development and the approach that thins our study. Using the data from the study area, which included 27 neighbourhoods, were analyzed by the SPSS statistical program , the results showed that the indicators of the environmental dimension had a direct and strong relationship. For Ramadi and other Iraqi cities, a sustainable development system may be developed based on based on the two indicators of pollution and green areas (0.794 and 0.776), on which a choice can be made about sustainable urban environmental transport.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering

Several different deterministic and probabilistic mathematical approaches have been used to devel... more Several different deterministic and probabilistic mathematical approaches have been used to develop modal split models. The data collected by a questionnaire survey approach is frequently associated with subjectivity, imprecision, and ambiguity. additionally, several linguistic terms are used to express some of the transportation planning variables. This can be solved by modeling mode choosing behavior with artificial intelligence techniques such as fuzzy logic. In this research, Ramadi city in Iraq has been selected as a study area. For the purpose of obtaining data, the study area was divided into traffic analysis zones (TAZ). The total number of traffic zones was set as 28 traffic zones, 22 were internal traffic zones and 6 external traffic zones. Field surveys and questionnaires are used to collect data on traffic, land use, and socioeconomic characteristics factors (age, gender, vehicle ownership, family income, trip purpose, trip origin and destination, trip time, waiting duration, duration inside mode, trip origin and destination, trip cost, and type of mode used for transport). The results showed that the modal split models based on the fuzzy inference system can deal with linguistic variables as well as address uncertainty and subjectivity and they gave very good prediction accuracy for future prediction. Fuzzy inference system proved that all factors affected the mode choice with a very strong correlation coefficient (R) equal to 93.1 for general trips but when the results were compared with multiple linear regression model found that the correlation coefficient (R) equal to 28.9 for general trips and the most influential factors on the mode choice are car ownership, age and trip cost. Thus, it can be concluded that fuzzy logic models were more capable of capturing and integrating human knowledge in mode selection behavior. In addition, this study will help decision-makers to plan transportation policies for Ramadi city.

Anbar Journal for Engineering Sciences

Transport is one of the most critical areas of urban life and an essential base for developing an... more Transport is one of the most critical areas of urban life and an essential base for developing and developing societies. It is a crucial indicator of the progress and development of cities and their great benefits. It saves from the movement of people and goods and the prosperity of the economy-social, economic and environmental issues globally and what we are witnessing in recent times. However, despite the tremendous advancement in technology, it continues to face numerous challenges in developed and developing nations, including our own. The absorption of the irrigated volume and any defect in the gradient causes many problems such as congestion, delays, traffic jams and the accompanying psychological, economic, social and environmental effects, energy consumption, depletion of natural resources and lifestyle. So transportation has become a concern. And it became a topic of concern that imposes the need to think about the preparation and development of the transportation system towards sustainability based on meeting transportation needs. In light of the negative impacts of the sustainable planning engineering dimension on the urban road network in Ramadi and for the Iraqi cities, we have thus attempted to study the effect of this project, given the critical impact on sustainable development and the approach used by thinking people and scholars in their studies and documents in Agenda 2030. Through evaluating the data from the research region, which comprised 27 Ramadi neighbourhoods, and applying them to the statistical analysis software (SPSS), it discovers that the schematic engineering dimension indicator represented by the hierarchy has direct and decisive connection significance. The local road area index achieved the most substantial linear relationship, followed by the collective, secondary and major roads indicators. They reached a medium relationship to formulate a sustainable development system based on Ramadi and other Iraqi cities. A decision is making about sustainable urban engineering transportation. And take an approach with whatever is good for the state.

Anbar Journal for Engineering Sciences

Several modal split models have been created around the world to forecast which mode of transport... more Several modal split models have been created around the world to forecast which mode of transportation will be selected by the trip-maker from among a variety of available modes of transportation. This modeling is essential from a planning standpoint, as transportation systems typically receive significant investment. In this study, the main purpose was to develop a mode choice model using multiple linear regressions for Ramadi city in Iraq. The study area was divided into traffic analysis zones (TAZ) to facilitate data collection. The data was collected through a home interview of the trip makers in their home units through a questionnaire designed for this purpose. The result showed that the most influential factors on the mode choice for the general trips model using multiple linear regressions are car ownership, age, and trip cost. This model gave a good correlation coefficient of 0.829 meaning that the independent variables explain 82.9 of variance in the dependent variable (type of mode), which will help transport planners in developing policies and solutions for future.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering

Multilane highways typically are located in suburban communities, leading into central cities, or... more Multilane highways typically are located in suburban communities, leading into central cities, or along high-volume rural corridors connecting two cities or significant activities that generate a substantial number of daily trips. The objectives of the present study include the analysis, and evaluation the level of service (LOS) on section for multilane highway in Ramadi city. The LOS multilane highway is based on density, which is calculated by dividing per lane flow by speed. The required traffic and geometrical data has been collected through field surveys on the section for multilane highway. Traffic volume data were collected manually and classified by vehicles types during each 15 minute interval. Highway Capacity Software 2000 (HCS 2000) program is used for the requirements of traffic analysis process to determine the level of service. It has concluded that the level of service on selected section for east bound is (A), and for west bound is (B).

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering

2019 12th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE)

The last two decades have seen a growing in the reinforced concrete bridges that need to maintain... more The last two decades have seen a growing in the reinforced concrete bridges that need to maintain in in Al- Anbar governorate, Iraq due to the wars. In terms of safety periodic inspection for the damages plays a critical role in the maintenance of reinforced concrete bridges. However, some of testing technologies and techniques that used by periodic inspection cannot be done visually due to their complexity. Several attempts have been made to use the Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS) as an alternative system to evaluate the damages in the structural parts of the reinforced concrete bridges visually. The main aim of this study is to develop an alternative system to assess the damages in the structural parts of the reinforced concrete bridges. This study develops an inspection system for damaging concrete bridge (ISDCB) as an evaluation system to assess the damages in Palestine bridge in Al-Anbar governorate, Iraq. The proposed system shows a good ability to give an easy, fast and suitable answers to maintain the main parts in the reinforced concrete bridges.

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

One of the main element in the network is the intersection which consider as the critical points ... more One of the main element in the network is the intersection which consider as the critical points because there are many conflict in this element. The capability and quality of operation of an intersection was assessed to provide a better understanding of the network's traffic efficiency. In Baghdad city, the capital of/Iraq the majority of the intersections are operated under the congestion status and with level of service F, therefore theses intersection are consider as high spot point of delay in the network of Baghdad city. In this study we selected Al-Ameria signalized intersection as a case study to represent the delay problem in the intersections in Baghdad. The intersection is located in the west of Bagdad city, this intersection realizes a huge traffic, and there are a lot of tourist attractions near to the study area. The aim of this research is to enhance traffic operations, improve the level of service and decrease the delay in Al-Ameria signalized intersection by exa...

Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2014

The concept of capacity and level of service are central to the analysis of intersections, as the... more The concept of capacity and level of service are central to the analysis of intersections, as they are for all types of facilities. Both capacity and level of service must be fully considered to evaluate the overall operation of the intersections. The objectives of the present study include the analysis, evaluation level of service and traffic operation of Al- Abasse intersection in the CBD of Fallujah city. Al-Abbasi congested intersection which is located the CBD area of Fallujah are selected to achieve the objectives of the present study. The required traffic and geometrical data gathered manually to estimate the distribution of traffic in different directions. (HCS 2000) program are used for the requirements of traffic analysis process. It has concluded that the second proposal (construct flyover along New street toward Al – Kamaleat intersection) for the mentioned intersections is necessary to enhance the level of service and the traffic operation at Al – Abasse intersection in...

International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018, 2018

Several modal split models have been created around the world to forecast which mode of transport... more Several modal split models have been created around the world to forecast which mode of transportation will be selected by the trip-maker from among a variety of available modes of transportation. This modeling is essential from a planning standpoint, as transportation systems typically receive significant investment. In this study, the main purpose was to develop a mode choice model using multiple linear regressions for Ramadi city in Iraq. The study area was divided into traffic analysis zones (TAZ) to facilitate data collection. The data was collected through a home interview of the trip makers in their home units through a questionnaire designed for this purpose. The result showed that the most influential factors on the mode choice for the general trips model using multiple linear regressions are car ownership, age, and trip cost. This model gave a good correlation coefficient of 0.829 meaning that the independent variables explain 82.9 of variance in the dependent variable (type of mode), which will help transport planners in developing policies and solutions for future.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, Feb 8, 2022

Several different deterministic and probabilistic mathematical approaches have been used to devel... more Several different deterministic and probabilistic mathematical approaches have been used to develop modal split models. The data collected by a questionnaire survey approach is frequently associated with subjectivity, imprecision, and ambiguity. additionally, several linguistic terms are used to express some of the transportation planning variables. This can be solved by modeling mode choosing behavior with artificial intelligence techniques such as fuzzy logic. In this research, Ramadi city in Iraq has been selected as a study area. For the purpose of obtaining data, the study area was divided into traffic analysis zones (TAZ). The total number of traffic zones was set as 28 traffic zones, 22 were internal traffic zones and 6 external traffic zones. Field surveys and questionnaires are used to collect data on traffic, land use, and socioeconomic characteristics factors (age, gender, vehicle ownership, family income, trip purpose, trip origin and destination, trip time, waiting duration, duration inside mode, trip origin and destination, trip cost, and type of mode used for transport). The results showed that the modal split models based on the fuzzy inference system can deal with linguistic variables as well as address uncertainty and subjectivity and they gave very good prediction accuracy for future prediction. Fuzzy inference system proved that all factors affected the mode choice with a very strong correlation coefficient (R) equal to 93.1 for general trips but when the results were compared with multiple linear regression model found that the correlation coefficient (R) equal to 28.9 for general trips and the most influential factors on the mode choice are car ownership, age and trip cost. Thus, it can be concluded that fuzzy logic models were more capable of capturing and integrating human knowledge in mode selection behavior. In addition, this study will help decision-makers to plan transportation policies for Ramadi city.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, Mar 1, 2022

Transport is a vital part of urban life and a foundation for society's growth. It is a wonderful ... more Transport is a vital part of urban life and a foundation for society's growth. It is a wonderful indication of the growth and development of cities. It protects the free flow of people, commodities and the economy.. Despite the great advancement in technology, it still has many difficulties in developed and developing nations, particularly in our country, such as environmental issues, where congestion leads to traffic pollution, noise and a rise in cars which is a problem in itself.. So transportation is an issue. And it became a subject of attention, requiring consideration of sustainability in the planning and development of transportation systems. Ramadi has been chosen as a model in this study because of its significant impact on sustainable development and the approach that thins our study. Using the data from the study area, which included 27 neighbourhoods, were analyzed by the SPSS statistical program , the results showed that the indicators of the environmental dimension had a direct and strong relationship. For Ramadi and other Iraqi cities, a sustainable development system may be developed based on based on the two indicators of pollution and green areas (0.794 and 0.776), on which a choice can be made about sustainable urban environmental transport.

Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences, Nov 1, 2010

The increase in traffic volumes at intersections is one of the important problems that makes diff... more The increase in traffic volumes at intersections is one of the important problems that makes difficulties in the traffic movement then leads to traffic congestion in these facilities. The objective of the present study is improvement the traffic operation of the selected intersection (Al-Zeoat intersection) in Al-Ramadi city by analysis and evaluation this intersection and using accepted solutions to improve the traffic operation of Al-Zeoat intersection under local exist conditions and present a best proposal to enhance the performance at the intersection. To achieve these objectives, the traffic volumes data collection and geometric layout for Al-Zeoat intersection that required for the traffic and geometrical analysis were gathered manually, while SIDRA traffic program is used for the requirements of traffic analysis process.

Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences, Nov 15, 2021

Transport is one of the most critical areas of urban life and an essential base for developing an... more Transport is one of the most critical areas of urban life and an essential base for developing and developing societies. It is a crucial indicator of the progress and development of cities and their great benefits. It saves from the movement of people and goods and the prosperity of the economy-social, economic and environmental issues globally and what we are witnessing in recent times. However, despite the tremendous advancement in technology, it continues to face numerous challenges in developed and developing nations, including our own. The absorption of the irrigated volume and any defect in the gradient causes many problems such as congestion, delays, traffic jams and the accompanying psychological, economic, social and environmental effects, energy consumption, depletion of natural resources and lifestyle. So transportation has become a concern. And it became a topic of concern that imposes the need to think about the preparation and development of the transportation system towards sustainability based on meeting transportation needs. In light of the negative impacts of the sustainable planning engineering dimension on the urban road network in Ramadi and for the Iraqi cities, we have thus attempted to study the effect of this project, given the critical impact on sustainable development and the approach used by thinking people and scholars in their studies and documents in Agenda 2030. Through evaluating the data from the research region, which comprised 27 Ramadi neighbourhoods, and applying them to the statistical analysis software (SPSS), it discovers that the schematic engineering dimension indicator represented by the hierarchy has direct and decisive connection significance. The local road area index achieved the most substantial linear relationship, followed by the collective, secondary and major roads indicators. They reached a medium relationship to formulate a sustainable development system based on Ramadi and other Iraqi cities. A decision is making about sustainable urban engineering transportation. And take an approach with whatever is good for the state.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, Dec 29, 2022

The reduction of gases emissions as one of its most significant long-term strategies in any count... more The reduction of gases emissions as one of its most significant long-term strategies in any country in the world. Many Iraqi cities suffered from the uncontrolled increasing in the number of vehicles which has a positive relationship with the emission of gases especially the carbon monoxide. This research aims to assess traffic effect characteristics such as logarithm of average flow, the percentage of heavy vehicles, and free flow speed on the emission of carbon monoxide. The study selected the main roads in Al-Ramadi network, the data was collected for traffic characteristics and carbon monoxide between 2018 to 2020. A random parameters technique was used to construct a model to estimate carbon monoxide emissions for 345 roadway segments. This approach was chosen because it can account for variability caused by traffic characteristics, resulting in more accurate predictions than other approaches. The results of the random parameters model show that the carbon monoxide emission increased due to increase the logarithmic of average flow, the percentage of heavy vehicles, and free flow speed. According to the model results, the parameters of logarithm of average flow, percentages of heavy vehicles, and free flow speed varied across the roadway segments.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, Dec 1, 2013

Multilane highways typically are located in suburban communities, leading into central cities, or... more Multilane highways typically are located in suburban communities, leading into central cities, or along high-volume rural corridors connecting two cities or significant activities that generate a substantial number of daily trips. The objectives of the present study include the analysis, and evaluation the level of service (LOS) on section for multilane highway in Ramadi city. The LOS multilane highway is based on density, which is calculated by dividing per lane flow by speed. The required traffic and geometrical data has been collected through field surveys on the section for multilane highway. Traffic volume data were collected manually and classified by vehicles types during each 15 minute interval. Highway Capacity Software 2000 (HCS 2000) program is used for the requirements of traffic analysis process to determine the level of service. It has concluded that the level of service on selected section for east bound is (A), and for west bound is (B).

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, Dec 1, 2008

Tikrit Journal of Engineering Science, Mar 28, 2014

The concept of capacity and level of service are central to the analysis of intersections, as the... more The concept of capacity and level of service are central to the analysis of intersections, as they are for all types of facilities. Both capacity and level of service must be fully considered to evaluate the overall operation of the intersections. The objectives of the present study include the analysis, evaluation level of service and traffic operation of Al- Abasse intersection in the CBD of Fallujah city. Al-Abbasi congested intersection which is located the CBD area of Fallujah are selected to achieve the objectives of the present study. The required traffic and geometrical data gathered manually to estimate the distribution of traffic in different directions. (HCS 2000) program are used for the requirements of traffic analysis process. It has concluded that the second proposal (construct flyover along New street toward Al – Kamaleat intersection) for the mentioned intersections is necessary to enhance the level of service and the traffic operation at Al – Abasse intersection in CBD of Fallujah city.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering

The reduction of gases emissions as one of its most significant long-term strategies in any count... more The reduction of gases emissions as one of its most significant long-term strategies in any country in the world. Many Iraqi cities suffered from the uncontrolled increasing in the number of vehicles which has a positive relationship with the emission of gases especially the carbon monoxide. This research aims to assess traffic effect characteristics such as logarithm of average flow, the percentage of heavy vehicles, and free flow speed on the emission of carbon monoxide. The study selected the main roads in Al-Ramadi network, the data was collected for traffic characteristics and carbon monoxide between 2018 to 2020. A random parameters technique was used to construct a model to estimate carbon monoxide emissions for 345 roadway segments. This approach was chosen because it can account for variability caused by traffic characteristics, resulting in more accurate predictions than other approaches. The results of the random parameters model show that the carbon monoxide emission increased due to increase the logarithmic of average flow, the percentage of heavy vehicles, and free flow speed. According to the model results, the parameters of logarithm of average flow, percentages of heavy vehicles, and free flow speed varied across the roadway segments.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering

Transport is a vital part of urban life and a foundation for society's growth. It is a wonderful ... more Transport is a vital part of urban life and a foundation for society's growth. It is a wonderful indication of the growth and development of cities. It protects the free flow of people, commodities and the economy.. Despite the great advancement in technology, it still has many difficulties in developed and developing nations, particularly in our country, such as environmental issues, where congestion leads to traffic pollution, noise and a rise in cars which is a problem in itself.. So transportation is an issue. And it became a subject of attention, requiring consideration of sustainability in the planning and development of transportation systems. Ramadi has been chosen as a model in this study because of its significant impact on sustainable development and the approach that thins our study. Using the data from the study area, which included 27 neighbourhoods, were analyzed by the SPSS statistical program , the results showed that the indicators of the environmental dimension had a direct and strong relationship. For Ramadi and other Iraqi cities, a sustainable development system may be developed based on based on the two indicators of pollution and green areas (0.794 and 0.776), on which a choice can be made about sustainable urban environmental transport.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering

Several different deterministic and probabilistic mathematical approaches have been used to devel... more Several different deterministic and probabilistic mathematical approaches have been used to develop modal split models. The data collected by a questionnaire survey approach is frequently associated with subjectivity, imprecision, and ambiguity. additionally, several linguistic terms are used to express some of the transportation planning variables. This can be solved by modeling mode choosing behavior with artificial intelligence techniques such as fuzzy logic. In this research, Ramadi city in Iraq has been selected as a study area. For the purpose of obtaining data, the study area was divided into traffic analysis zones (TAZ). The total number of traffic zones was set as 28 traffic zones, 22 were internal traffic zones and 6 external traffic zones. Field surveys and questionnaires are used to collect data on traffic, land use, and socioeconomic characteristics factors (age, gender, vehicle ownership, family income, trip purpose, trip origin and destination, trip time, waiting duration, duration inside mode, trip origin and destination, trip cost, and type of mode used for transport). The results showed that the modal split models based on the fuzzy inference system can deal with linguistic variables as well as address uncertainty and subjectivity and they gave very good prediction accuracy for future prediction. Fuzzy inference system proved that all factors affected the mode choice with a very strong correlation coefficient (R) equal to 93.1 for general trips but when the results were compared with multiple linear regression model found that the correlation coefficient (R) equal to 28.9 for general trips and the most influential factors on the mode choice are car ownership, age and trip cost. Thus, it can be concluded that fuzzy logic models were more capable of capturing and integrating human knowledge in mode selection behavior. In addition, this study will help decision-makers to plan transportation policies for Ramadi city.

Anbar Journal for Engineering Sciences

Transport is one of the most critical areas of urban life and an essential base for developing an... more Transport is one of the most critical areas of urban life and an essential base for developing and developing societies. It is a crucial indicator of the progress and development of cities and their great benefits. It saves from the movement of people and goods and the prosperity of the economy-social, economic and environmental issues globally and what we are witnessing in recent times. However, despite the tremendous advancement in technology, it continues to face numerous challenges in developed and developing nations, including our own. The absorption of the irrigated volume and any defect in the gradient causes many problems such as congestion, delays, traffic jams and the accompanying psychological, economic, social and environmental effects, energy consumption, depletion of natural resources and lifestyle. So transportation has become a concern. And it became a topic of concern that imposes the need to think about the preparation and development of the transportation system towards sustainability based on meeting transportation needs. In light of the negative impacts of the sustainable planning engineering dimension on the urban road network in Ramadi and for the Iraqi cities, we have thus attempted to study the effect of this project, given the critical impact on sustainable development and the approach used by thinking people and scholars in their studies and documents in Agenda 2030. Through evaluating the data from the research region, which comprised 27 Ramadi neighbourhoods, and applying them to the statistical analysis software (SPSS), it discovers that the schematic engineering dimension indicator represented by the hierarchy has direct and decisive connection significance. The local road area index achieved the most substantial linear relationship, followed by the collective, secondary and major roads indicators. They reached a medium relationship to formulate a sustainable development system based on Ramadi and other Iraqi cities. A decision is making about sustainable urban engineering transportation. And take an approach with whatever is good for the state.

Anbar Journal for Engineering Sciences

Several modal split models have been created around the world to forecast which mode of transport... more Several modal split models have been created around the world to forecast which mode of transportation will be selected by the trip-maker from among a variety of available modes of transportation. This modeling is essential from a planning standpoint, as transportation systems typically receive significant investment. In this study, the main purpose was to develop a mode choice model using multiple linear regressions for Ramadi city in Iraq. The study area was divided into traffic analysis zones (TAZ) to facilitate data collection. The data was collected through a home interview of the trip makers in their home units through a questionnaire designed for this purpose. The result showed that the most influential factors on the mode choice for the general trips model using multiple linear regressions are car ownership, age, and trip cost. This model gave a good correlation coefficient of 0.829 meaning that the independent variables explain 82.9 of variance in the dependent variable (type of mode), which will help transport planners in developing policies and solutions for future.

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering

Multilane highways typically are located in suburban communities, leading into central cities, or... more Multilane highways typically are located in suburban communities, leading into central cities, or along high-volume rural corridors connecting two cities or significant activities that generate a substantial number of daily trips. The objectives of the present study include the analysis, and evaluation the level of service (LOS) on section for multilane highway in Ramadi city. The LOS multilane highway is based on density, which is calculated by dividing per lane flow by speed. The required traffic and geometrical data has been collected through field surveys on the section for multilane highway. Traffic volume data were collected manually and classified by vehicles types during each 15 minute interval. Highway Capacity Software 2000 (HCS 2000) program is used for the requirements of traffic analysis process to determine the level of service. It has concluded that the level of service on selected section for east bound is (A), and for west bound is (B).

Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering

2019 12th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE)

The last two decades have seen a growing in the reinforced concrete bridges that need to maintain... more The last two decades have seen a growing in the reinforced concrete bridges that need to maintain in in Al- Anbar governorate, Iraq due to the wars. In terms of safety periodic inspection for the damages plays a critical role in the maintenance of reinforced concrete bridges. However, some of testing technologies and techniques that used by periodic inspection cannot be done visually due to their complexity. Several attempts have been made to use the Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS) as an alternative system to evaluate the damages in the structural parts of the reinforced concrete bridges visually. The main aim of this study is to develop an alternative system to assess the damages in the structural parts of the reinforced concrete bridges. This study develops an inspection system for damaging concrete bridge (ISDCB) as an evaluation system to assess the damages in Palestine bridge in Al-Anbar governorate, Iraq. The proposed system shows a good ability to give an easy, fast and suitable answers to maintain the main parts in the reinforced concrete bridges.

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

One of the main element in the network is the intersection which consider as the critical points ... more One of the main element in the network is the intersection which consider as the critical points because there are many conflict in this element. The capability and quality of operation of an intersection was assessed to provide a better understanding of the network's traffic efficiency. In Baghdad city, the capital of/Iraq the majority of the intersections are operated under the congestion status and with level of service F, therefore theses intersection are consider as high spot point of delay in the network of Baghdad city. In this study we selected Al-Ameria signalized intersection as a case study to represent the delay problem in the intersections in Baghdad. The intersection is located in the west of Bagdad city, this intersection realizes a huge traffic, and there are a lot of tourist attractions near to the study area. The aim of this research is to enhance traffic operations, improve the level of service and decrease the delay in Al-Ameria signalized intersection by exa...

Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2014

The concept of capacity and level of service are central to the analysis of intersections, as the... more The concept of capacity and level of service are central to the analysis of intersections, as they are for all types of facilities. Both capacity and level of service must be fully considered to evaluate the overall operation of the intersections. The objectives of the present study include the analysis, evaluation level of service and traffic operation of Al- Abasse intersection in the CBD of Fallujah city. Al-Abbasi congested intersection which is located the CBD area of Fallujah are selected to achieve the objectives of the present study. The required traffic and geometrical data gathered manually to estimate the distribution of traffic in different directions. (HCS 2000) program are used for the requirements of traffic analysis process. It has concluded that the second proposal (construct flyover along New street toward Al – Kamaleat intersection) for the mentioned intersections is necessary to enhance the level of service and the traffic operation at Al – Abasse intersection in...

International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018, 2018