Hammad Ahmad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hammad Ahmad

Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control

Signal temporal logic (STL) was introduced for monitoring temporal properties of continuous-time ... more Signal temporal logic (STL) was introduced for monitoring temporal properties of continuous-time signals for continuous and hybrid systems. Differential dynamic logic (dL) was introduced to reason about the end states of a hybrid program. Over the past decade, STL and its variants have significantly gained in popularity in the industry for monitoring purposes, while dL has gained in popularity for verification of hybrid systems. In this paper, we bridge the gap between the two different logics by introducing signal temporal dynamic logic (STdL)-a dynamic logic that reasons about a subset of STL specifications over executions of hybrid systems. Our work demonstrates that STL can be used for deductive verification of hybrid systems. STdL significantly augments the expressiveness of dL by allowing reasoning about temporal properties in given time intervals. We provide a semantics and a proof calculus for STdL, along with a proof of soundness and relative completeness. 1

International Journal of Management Research and Emerging Sciences

In this modern and competitive era, the phenomenon of gaining employee’s outcomes is major appreh... more In this modern and competitive era, the phenomenon of gaining employee’s outcomes is major apprehension across the globe. So, this paper attempts to suggest a detailed conceptual framework of HR practices (bundle) that contribute in employee’s outcome. Therefore, we highlighted various HRP bundle; namely recruitment and selection, training and development, employee’s involvement, employee’s empowerment, team working, job security, performance appraisal and extensive remuneration system as independent variable. While certain aspects of employee’s outcomes (employees commitment, engagement, satisfaction, employee’s loyalty and employee’s motivation) taken as dependent variable. The data has been gathered from 350 employees of Pharmaceutical sector of Lahore; Pakistan through survey. Regression analysis has been used to check and test the association between selected variables. Results indicate the HRP bundle has positive significant relationship with employee’s outcomes. The above stu...

2021 IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Genetic Improvement (GI), 2021

Dataflow programming languages are used in a variety of settings, and defects in their programs c... more Dataflow programming languages are used in a variety of settings, and defects in their programs can have serious consequences. However, prior work in automated program repair (APR) emphasizes control flow over dataflow languages. We identify three impediments to the use of APR in dataflow programming-parallelism, state, and evaluation-and highlight opportunities for overcoming them.

Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, 2022

This paper presents CirFix, a framework for automatically repairing defects in hardware designs i... more This paper presents CirFix, a framework for automatically repairing defects in hardware designs implemented in languages like Verilog. We propose a novel fault localization approach based on assignments to wires and registers, and a fitness function tailored to the hardware domain to bridge the gap between software-level automated program repair and hardware descriptions. We also present a benchmark suite of 32 defect scenarios corresponding to a variety of hardware projects. Overall, CirFix produces plausible repairs for 21/32 and correct repairs for 16/32 of the defect scenarios. This repair rate is comparable to that of successful program repair approaches for software, indicating CirFix is effective at bringing over the benefits of automated program repair to the hardware domain for the first time. CCS CONCEPTS • Hardware → High-level and register-transfer level synthesis; Bug fixing (hardware); • Software and its engineering → Search-based software engineering.

The case against the IMF on education Section 1 : 1 The Importance of education and investment in... more The case against the IMF on education Section 1 : 1 The Importance of education and investment in teachers Section 2 : 1 0 Setting the wage bill: teacher need vs macroeconomics Section 3 : 2 0 The Impact of IMF policies on education Section 4 : 2 6 What needs to change? Section 5 : 3 4 Summary recommendations Bibliography 3 6 Annexes 4 0 1 Review of inflation literature 2 Alternative teacher scenarios, Malawi, Mozambique & Sierra Leone C o n f ro n t i n g the Contradictions page iv CSO civil society organisations DfID Department for International Development UK DRC Democratic Republic of Congo EFA Education For All E F A-F T I Education For All-Fast Track Initiative F T I Fast Track Initiative GDP gross domestic product GNP gross national product HIPC heavily indebted poor countries

In the present work, carbon foam (CF) coupled multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and CF/MWCNTs ... more In the present work, carbon foam (CF) coupled multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and CF/MWCNTs coupled nanodiamond (NDs) hybrid composites were prepared by the direct treatment of MWCNTs and NDs with pretreatment pitches through foaming, graphitization, and carbonization process. Both series of CF composites were compared and explored by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. It was investigated that the structural morphology, pore size and pore uniformity upgraded with the increment of MWCNTs content, however, the effect of ND particles in this aspect was more influential. Furthermore, the effect of additive loading of MWCNTs and NDs on the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of CF composites were checked. The results revealed that maximum compressive strength 15.8 MPa and electrical conductivity 30.2×103 S/m of CFs were obtained at 4 wt.% MWCNTs and ND loadings respec...

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 2021

RADS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021

Objective: The key objective of the study is to explore the sensitive, rapid, simple, accurate an... more Objective: The key objective of the study is to explore the sensitive, rapid, simple, accurate and economic UV/Vis spectrophotometric method to determine the amount of Amoxicillin trihydrate (AMTR) in bulk pharmaceuticals and in various formulations including dry powder (syrup), tablets and capsules by employing Copper sulphate buffer solution. Methodology: The current spectroscopic analysis performed with 12.5 μg/ml concentration of AMTR at 320 nm follows the Beer’s Lambert Law. The linearity range (10-15µg/ml) and regression data presented a significant correlation coefficient (r2 =0.999). The appropriate level of accuracy, precision, linearity, and mean percentage recovery of AMTR were found adequate relating to the % age error and standard deviations. Results: Amoxicillin trihydrate and its known strengths were scanned and analyzed by our validated method such as; 10.0 µg/ml Amoxicillin (80%), 11.25 µg/ml Amoxicillin (90%), 12.5 µg/ml Amoxicillin (100%), 13.75 µg/ml Amoxicillin ...

World academy of science, engineering and technology, 2016

Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, 2018

During the initialization step, a genetic programming (GP) system traditionally creates a populat... more During the initialization step, a genetic programming (GP) system traditionally creates a population of completely random programs to populate the initial population. These programs almost always perform poorly in terms of their total error---some might not even output the correct data type. In this paper, we present new methods for initialization that attempt to generate programs that are somewhat relevant to the problem being solved and/or increase the initial diversity (both error and behavioral diversity) of the population prior to the GP run. By seeding the population---and thereby eliminating worthless programs and increasing the initial diversity of the population---we hope to improve the performance of the GP system. Here, we present two novel techniques for initialization (Lexicase Seeding and Pareto Seeding) and compare them to a previous method (Enforced Diverse Populations) and traditional, non-seeded initialization. Surprisingly, we found that none of the initialization...

Background: Numerous laboratory facilities are certainly challenging in scrutinizing great quanti... more Background: Numerous laboratory facilities are certainly challenging in scrutinizing great quantity of urinary samples that reach laboratory in the late evening and are frozen till next day. On the other hand, various clinics and small medical centers might face difficulties in guaranteeing same day test sample deliveries and analysis. As the stability of authentication of urinary test results from post ponding the samples creates much differences in results, mechanized dipstick investigation Supertron is anonymous, we repeated the tests from the overnight refrigerated urine samples and compared the characterizing accuracy. Objectives: The purpose of this Clinical research is to identify the risk of having the false positive and negative results when urine analysis is delayed for almost one day due to different circumstances. Method: Urine analyzer (Supertron) was used in this project and urine samples were tested through dipstick immediately after receiving the samples and were rea...

International Review of Management and Business Research, 2016

IntroductionIn service industry investigation has shown that customer loyalty is much more import... more IntroductionIn service industry investigation has shown that customer loyalty is much more important for every type of businesses. In businesses customer loyalty and customer satisfaction is always emphasis because customer loyalty increase the industry profits 25%. Service quality that a business's provides to the customer is exaggerated the customer satisfaction. (Tang2, 2014).In the field of service industry like banks provide the admirable services to accomplish customer loyalty which is crucial goal of every business organization. Studies of relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in banking system are narrow, but the current studies of banking system generally do not account for altering the function of banking industry. Service quality given to customer is much more essential to analyzing the achievement or disappointment of any business organization. Since there competitors provide service level to consumer (Lo Liang Kheng, 2010) .Every business or...

2017 3rd International Conference on Control, Automation and Robotics (ICCAR), 2017

Humanoid Robots are used in many scientific research areas ranging from household applications to... more Humanoid Robots are used in many scientific research areas ranging from household applications to disposing a bomb in hazardous environments. In the past, robots are generally programmed by programming language, but now-a-days, researchers are working on a new technique to avoid programming language and to teach robots by demonstration as humans do. Learning by demonstration will completely change the way to of taking task from a robot, by this technique, robots can easily learn different techniques and with the passage of time they can modify learnt techniques by themselves without any human assistance. In this paper a modified technique of learning by demonstration using telemanipulation is presented to teach robots to grasp & to manipulate different versatile objects and then saves the information of performed task in its memory for future use.

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2020

During the span of August-October, 2017 a major outbreak of Dengue fever happened in Khyber Pakht... more During the span of August-October, 2017 a major outbreak of Dengue fever happened in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Cases were reported from all the major cities and rural areas, but Peshawar was more severely hit with more than half of the total cases belonging to central Peshawar city. The epidemic patterns reveal that dengue fever cases were mostly reported for plain areas and also low altitude mountainous regions. We employed the principle of maximum entropy to establish the underlying distribution of dengue presences and background data. A geostatistical analysis was conducted by modelling the spatial structure of the dengue fever risk and estimating the prediction maps with corresponding uncertainty taking into account some of the most significant covariates. The prediction maps were created using binomial kriging with a binary logistic drift. The analysis was carried out for the whole province as well as subregions to have a closer look of the spatial distribution at local level. Our results show that our methodology performed well. Vector distribution, population density, and distance to roads were found to significantly affecting the spatial distribution of risk and gives very informative pattern.

Ecological Indicators, 2020

Abstract This study presents the tree species distribution and habitat suitability maps in Gilgit... more Abstract This study presents the tree species distribution and habitat suitability maps in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan at 1 km spatial resolution. This study is based on bioclimatic and topographical variables and 440 samples of six native trees species: Abies pindrow, Betula utilis, Cedrus deodara, Picea smithiana, Pinus wallichiana, and Quercus ilex. Data is collected through field survey. Exclusively for each tree species, a multicollinearity test was performed among 24 independent or environment variables (21 bioclimatic and 3 topographic). The highly correlated independent variables (r ≥ 0.9, Pearson correlation coefficient) were eliminated from the independent variables list. In this study, we employed the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model to produce current (2015–2016) as well as RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate-change scenarios by 2050 for tree species spatial distribution results. The jackknife test was carried out to depict the importance of variables with the highest gain and it was observed that overall elevation, precipitation, and temperature are the factors with the highest gain. The results of the MaxEnt model for each tree species were satisfactory with ROC (receiver operating characteristic) AUC (area under the curve) curve training and testing values greater than 0.9 and 0.84 respectively. Based on 10-percentile training presence threshold-dependent values, the overall accuracy of True Skill Statistics (TSS) was more than 80%. The maximum area coverage of all tree species existed under “inadmissible natural surroundings (0–0.2 probability)” and least area fell under “exceptionally appropriate environment (0.6–0.7 probability)” to “profoundly reasonable living space (0.7–1.0 probability)”. A tree species diversity map prepared through equal weighted average overlay analysis, using all six developed tree species probability outputs. The field observation might possess certain limitations because it was difficult for the field crew to access the areas with rough terrain, long distances, harsh weather conditions, and locations of forest in steep, narrow valleys. Overall, this study contributes to enlarge tree species distribution research datasets applicability in Pakistan and over the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) mountains region. It may also provide interesting insight, which could be used for the habitat corridor suitability modelling of endangered species, and ground intervention to protect and expand tree species distributions.

Optik, 2019

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

International Journal of Modern Physics B, 2018

We have investigated the infrared reflectivity, UV-visible spectra and electrical property of pol... more We have investigated the infrared reflectivity, UV-visible spectra and electrical property of polycrystalline RFeO3 (R = La, Nd, Gd, Dy, Er) synthesized by sol–gel method. Analysis of IR reflectivity spectra through Lorentz oscillator model has led to the observation of 14 IR active phonon modes out of 25 predicted modes. The results have been discussed in terms of different phonon bands related to the origin of atomic vibrations, which provides information about the structural evolution. The energy bandgap [Formula: see text]1.67–1.90 eV estimated from optical conductivity ([Formula: see text]([Formula: see text])) spectrum is found consistent both with that calculated from UV-visible spectra and estimated from electrical measurements.

Journal of Service Science Research, 2017

In last few decades, service industry has expanded a lot and has been a prominent industry in the... more In last few decades, service industry has expanded a lot and has been a prominent industry in the economy. In service science, a lot of work has been done to comprehend its activities and define principals and processes of this sector. Application of competence and skills is known as Service. Interactions are being made to realize value and cocreation in service system. Lyson

This paper deals with the method of identifying the control effectiveness matrix in the control a... more This paper deals with the method of identifying the control effectiveness matrix in the control allocation algorithm without degrading the aircraft response. The vehicle having sufficient control authority during control allocation is excited in its null space by applying a dithering signal. In this way the vehicle response is not degraded. Identification of the control effectiveness matrix is necessary to compensate for failure, damage and modelling errors by control allocation, otherwise the control law should be robust enough to mitigate these effects from overall system response. The null space excitation could also be applied to the system with redundant controls (i.e. more actuators than control variables) for online tuning of the controller in steady state.

Green Energy and Technology, 2013

This chapter gives a detailed description of a test setup developed at KU Leuven for the launch a... more This chapter gives a detailed description of a test setup developed at KU Leuven for the launch and recovery of unpropelled tethered airplanes. The airplanes are launched by bringing them up to fl ying speed while attached by a tether to the end of a rotating arm. In the development of the setup, particular care was taken to allow experimental validation of advanced estimation and control techniques such as moving horiz on estimation and model predictive control. A detailed overview of the hardware, sensors and software used on this setup is given in this chapter. The applied estimation and control techniques are outlined in this chapter as well, and an analysis of the closed loop performance is given.