Margaret Hammond - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Margaret Hammond
Eur Psychiat, 1996
A screening scale for identification of depression in the acutely ill geriatric medical patient (... more A screening scale for identification of depression in the acutely ill geriatric medical patient (ELDRS) was developed. During validation studies prevalence of depression was found to be approximately 30%, and response to treatment in an open trial of fluoxetine was good. It ...
‘Getting Real’: what happens when patients and medical students collaborate for learning Introduc... more ‘Getting Real’: what happens when patients and medical students collaborate for learning Introduction Bleakly and Bligh, in their 2008 paper ‘Students learning from patients: let’s get real in medical education’, suggest that current models of medical education increase the distance between doctors and patients by privileging the doctor’s interpretation over the patient’s. They propose a new model of collaboration between patients and students. Here we illustrate how this model might work: describing the results of a collaborative learning project developed, in partnership with patients, from an ideological and theoretical foundation to address issues of power and professional identity construction, and the dynamics of the doctor-patient relationship. Methods Unstructured written reflections collected from >90 students who attended learning events hosted by the Liverpool Pituitary Patients Support Group (LPPSG) from 2006-2011, and the verbatim transcripts from three semi-structur...
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
To determine the response to treatment of different subgroups within a sample of physically ill e... more To determine the response to treatment of different subgroups within a sample of physically ill elderly depressed patients. Acute geriatric medical inpatients with depression, randomly assigned to an 8-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine. Response rate as defined by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Data were analysed in subgroups according to diagnosed physical problems and concomitant medication. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify subgroups valid for separate analysis. Those reaching at least 5 weeks of treatment showed a significant improvement compared with the placebo group if they had serious life-threatening disease, cerebrovascular disease, were not demented, or were either on no analgesics or on analgesics stronger than paracetamol. While the response to treatment in these subgroups was encouraging, general physicians must not be led to believe that the answer to depression lies only in pharmacological intervention, jus...
Title of abstract: Liverpool Pituitary Patients Support Group: supporting medical students in the... more Title of abstract: Liverpool Pituitary Patients Support Group: supporting medical students in their learning Author/presenter names: Margaret F. Hammond (main contact) and David D. Parry Organisations represented: University of Liverpool School of Medicine, and the Liverpool Pituitary Patients Support Group Postal Address: University of Liverpool, Division of Clinical Psychology, Whelan Building, The Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GB Email contact: mhammond@liv.ac.uk ABSTRACT: This paper will describe how a patient support group (the Liverpool Pituitary Patients Support Group) has worked with students of the University of Liverpool Medical School to support them in developing their communication skills. Communication is a core clinical skill for doctors. Teaching communication skills usually includes small group work, role play, and working with actors, learning and practicing skills defined by the academic and clinical experts. The place for patients (service users) in t...
Patient education and counseling, 2009
Our objective was to dynamically engage with parents and carers of children treated in a large ch... more Our objective was to dynamically engage with parents and carers of children treated in a large children's hospital as experts by experience, to find out what they thought medical students should be learning about communicating with children and families in order to inform our communication teaching. We used focus groups to facilitate parents and carers in articulating the communication issues they felt were important for medical students to learn. These data were analysed, using qualitative and quantitative methods, to produce a survey for a Delphi consultation. The results of this stage were mapped onto the Calgary-Cambridge framework for the medical interview. There was considerable overlap of the data on the Calgary-Cambridge framework. There was, however, an emphasis by respondents on perceptual skills, self-awareness and partnership. Within the main tasks of the Calgary-Cambridge framework, new objectives emerged, including giving information in the right place, and the imp...
Care-Related Quality of Life in Old Age, 2008
... The theories focus in different ways on the human condition to which care is ... capacities, ... more ... The theories focus in different ways on the human condition to which care is ... capacities, but it includes also other supporting activities, which enhance the (relative) independence of the ... desirable outcomes like non-smoking, restrictions to assure safety, or just sharing of scarce ...
Care-Related Quality of Life in Old Age, 2008
Abstract (from the chapter) It is generally accepted that most old people prefer to live independ... more Abstract (from the chapter) It is generally accepted that most old people prefer to live independently in their own homes. However, institutional care in nursing or residential homes is often the only option available for frail and dependent people, who require ...
Care-Related Quality of Life in Old Age, 2008
... Research Marja Vaarama, Ene-Margit Tiit, Seija Muurinen, Richard Pieper, Kai Saks, Andrew Six... more ... Research Marja Vaarama, Ene-Margit Tiit, Seija Muurinen, Richard Pieper, Kai Saks, Andrew Sixsmith and Margaret Hammond Introduction Research ... Development of the Instrument for Client Interviews (CLINT) Measuring QoL and its Determinants To provide an overview of ...
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2000
OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that a micronutrient supplement can improve seroconversion aft... more OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that a micronutrient supplement can improve seroconversion after influenza immunization in older institutionalized people. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Nursing and residential homes in Liverpool, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty-four residents aged 60 and older from 31 homes were initially randomized; of these, 119 (72.6%) completed the study. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomized to receive a micronutrient supplement providing the reference nutrient intake for all vitamins and trace elements or identical placebo. Tablets were taken over an 8-week period during September and October 2000; influenza vaccine was administered 4 weeks after their commencement. MEASUREMENTS: The hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody response as defined by a fourfold or greater titer rise over 4 weeks and assessed separately for each of the three antigens contained in the 2000/2001 influenza vaccine (A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1), A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2), B/Beijing/184/93 (B)). RESULTS: Despite a significant increase in serum concentrations of vitamins A, C, D 3, E, folate, and selenium in the supplemented group, there was no significant difference between groups (supplemented vs placebo, respectively) in the proportion of participants seroconverting to H1N1 (41% vs 49%, P 5.374), H3N2 (49% vs 58%, P 5.343), or B (41% vs 40%, P 5.944). CONCLUSION: A micronutrient supplement providing the reference nutrient intake administered over 8 weeks had no beneficial effect on antibody response to influenza vaccine in older people living in long-term care.
Journal of Feline Medicine & Surgery, 2008
Questionnaires regarding the perceptions of chemotherapy and its impact on the quality of life (Q... more Questionnaires regarding the perceptions of chemotherapy and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) of their cat were received from owners of 31 cats treated for lymphoma between 2002 and 2006 with COP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone) chemotherapy. The QoL scores prior to the onset of cancer (mean 9.5, range 6e10) were significantly higher than the ratings given after the onset of cancer but before commencement of chemotherapy (mean 3.9, range 1e9.4). The QoL scores during chemotherapy (mean 6.3, range 1e10) were also significantly lower than prior to the onset of cancer, but significantly higher during treatment than prior to starting treatment. Adverse effects were experienced by 27 (87%) cats during the course of chemotherapy. Twenty-five (83%) of clients were happy they treated their cat and 27 owners (87%) would treat another cat. The results suggest that COP chemotherapy is perceived by owners to be tolerated by cats.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1993
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1997
To determine the response of physically ill elderly depressed patients to treatment. Acute geriat... more To determine the response of physically ill elderly depressed patients to treatment. Acute geriatric medical inpatients with depression, randomly assigned to an 8-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine. Response rate as defined by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Eighty-two patients entered the trial; 62 patients (all those who had completed at least 3 weeks of treatment) were included in the efficacy analysis. Forty-two completed the full 8 weeks (21 in each group) with response rates of 67% in the fluoxetine group and 38% in the placebo group. No significant difference was found between the responses of the two groups (p = 0.12). There was a trend for results in the fluoxetine group to continue to improve with time. On secondary analysis those patients with serious physical illness who completed 5 or more weeks (N = 37) showed a significant improvement in mood if treated with fluoxetine (p = 0.02). The main benefit of antidepressants is to approximately double the chances of recovery. This trial showed the response rate of the fluoxetine treated group was increased by a factor of 1.8 over the placebo group in an 8-week period. The presence of physical illness, often severe and/or multiple, did not reduce the effectiveness of the medication, which was well tolerated overall. Those with serious physical disease responded significantly better to drug treatment; this will require further work. Psychological support was also considered to be important.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1998
To assess the appropriateness of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Montgomery-Asberg D... more To assess the appropriateness of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale in depressed elderly physically ill patients. Depression scale scores from depressed medical inpatients were assessed for internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, and subjected to exploratory principal components factor analyses. 100 medical inpatients, aged 65 years and over (median age 80.5 years, range 66-99), 74 female, with Geriatric Mental State Schedule-AGECAT case level diagnoses of depression. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDS) and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Coefficient alpha for the HDS was 0.46; for the MADRS 0.61. Successive deletion of HDS items to maximize alpha resulted in a six-item scale (alpha = 0.60); after deletion of five MADRS items, alpha was 0.77. Factor analysis of the HDS yielded a four-factor solution accounting for 57% of the variance, the majority due to anxiety and insomnia items; the MADRS yielded a two-factor solution explaining 60% of the variance. Coefficient alpha for both scales is well below the minimum necessary for the total score to be used to represent a single construct. The HDS appears to be an unreliable measure of depression severity in elderly people with physical illness, as the major variance in the scores is due to anxiety and insomnia. The MADRS performs better, and with modification may be an appropriate measurement of depression severity in this population.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1997
To determine the response to treatment of different subgroups within a sample of physically ill e... more To determine the response to treatment of different subgroups within a sample of physically ill elderly depressed patients. Acute geriatric medical inpatients with depression, randomly assigned to an 8-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine. Response rate as defined by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Data were analysed in subgroups according to diagnosed physical problems and concomitant medication. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify subgroups valid for separate analysis. Those reaching at least 5 weeks of treatment showed a significant improvement compared with the placebo group if they had serious life-threatening disease, cerebrovascular disease, were not demented, or were either on no analgesics or on analgesics stronger than paracetamol. While the response to treatment in these subgroups was encouraging, general physicians must not be led to believe that the answer to depression lies only in pharmacological intervention, just as the belief that the risk-benefit ratio of such treatment where indicated is too high must be discouraged.
International Journal of Art & Design Education, 2012
is the home of the National Collection of Modern Arts in the North of England and one of the larg... more is the home of the National Collection of Modern Arts in the North of England and one of the largest galleries of modern and contemporary art in England outside of London. The rationale for this project was derived from the medical humanities position that art allows insight into the human condition; that 'the inclusion of a more humanistic approach to the training of healthcare staff could produce clinicians with a broader general approach, with resulting benefits to patients' (Geddes in Cowling 2004, 68); and that students can be helped to develop skills of observation, not only of physical representation but also of emotion and narrative. Previous research into the role of the arts within the medical humanities has claimed that it can enrich a variety of individual and group values, including emotional, social, psychological, cultural and educational values (Nuffield Trust 1998, 11). In order to be effective in translating ideas into practice, it has been suggested that there needs to be a cross-disciplinary approach which utilises both social and healthcare settings (Tilcock et al. 2005, 52). The project used the resources of the gallery and the experience of art educators to create a programme that explored the value of engaging with art, to enhance medical students' professionalism as future practitioners and as members of a healthcare team: 'challenging each other to form a cohesive idea about the art studied' whilst offering 'participants a creative model for linking feelings with reasoned observations and for testing, articulating, and arguing these perceptions' (Reilly et al. 2005, 252). As part of its Continuing Professional Development course portfolio, Tate Liverpool runs Opening Doors: the gallery as a resource for learning (Charnock & D'Silva 2003). Opening Doors is aimed at staff working in the social care and health professions and has attracted participants from a broad range of organisations in the health and social care fields.
Gerontology, 2008
levels of selenium in frail older individuals. Following 8 weeks of micronutrient supplementation... more levels of selenium in frail older individuals. Following 8 weeks of micronutrient supplementation, there was a significant increase in selenium levels and improved symptoms of depression occurred in a subgroup.
European Psychiatry, 1996
A screening scale for identification of depression in the acutely ill geriatric medical patient (... more A screening scale for identification of depression in the acutely ill geriatric medical patient (ELDRS) was developed. During validation studies prevalence of depression was found to be approximately 30%, and response to treatment in an open trial of fluoxetine was good. It ...
Eur Psychiat, 1996
A screening scale for identification of depression in the acutely ill geriatric medical patient (... more A screening scale for identification of depression in the acutely ill geriatric medical patient (ELDRS) was developed. During validation studies prevalence of depression was found to be approximately 30%, and response to treatment in an open trial of fluoxetine was good. It ...
‘Getting Real’: what happens when patients and medical students collaborate for learning Introduc... more ‘Getting Real’: what happens when patients and medical students collaborate for learning Introduction Bleakly and Bligh, in their 2008 paper ‘Students learning from patients: let’s get real in medical education’, suggest that current models of medical education increase the distance between doctors and patients by privileging the doctor’s interpretation over the patient’s. They propose a new model of collaboration between patients and students. Here we illustrate how this model might work: describing the results of a collaborative learning project developed, in partnership with patients, from an ideological and theoretical foundation to address issues of power and professional identity construction, and the dynamics of the doctor-patient relationship. Methods Unstructured written reflections collected from >90 students who attended learning events hosted by the Liverpool Pituitary Patients Support Group (LPPSG) from 2006-2011, and the verbatim transcripts from three semi-structur...
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
To determine the response to treatment of different subgroups within a sample of physically ill e... more To determine the response to treatment of different subgroups within a sample of physically ill elderly depressed patients. Acute geriatric medical inpatients with depression, randomly assigned to an 8-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine. Response rate as defined by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Data were analysed in subgroups according to diagnosed physical problems and concomitant medication. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify subgroups valid for separate analysis. Those reaching at least 5 weeks of treatment showed a significant improvement compared with the placebo group if they had serious life-threatening disease, cerebrovascular disease, were not demented, or were either on no analgesics or on analgesics stronger than paracetamol. While the response to treatment in these subgroups was encouraging, general physicians must not be led to believe that the answer to depression lies only in pharmacological intervention, jus...
Title of abstract: Liverpool Pituitary Patients Support Group: supporting medical students in the... more Title of abstract: Liverpool Pituitary Patients Support Group: supporting medical students in their learning Author/presenter names: Margaret F. Hammond (main contact) and David D. Parry Organisations represented: University of Liverpool School of Medicine, and the Liverpool Pituitary Patients Support Group Postal Address: University of Liverpool, Division of Clinical Psychology, Whelan Building, The Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GB Email contact: mhammond@liv.ac.uk ABSTRACT: This paper will describe how a patient support group (the Liverpool Pituitary Patients Support Group) has worked with students of the University of Liverpool Medical School to support them in developing their communication skills. Communication is a core clinical skill for doctors. Teaching communication skills usually includes small group work, role play, and working with actors, learning and practicing skills defined by the academic and clinical experts. The place for patients (service users) in t...
Patient education and counseling, 2009
Our objective was to dynamically engage with parents and carers of children treated in a large ch... more Our objective was to dynamically engage with parents and carers of children treated in a large children's hospital as experts by experience, to find out what they thought medical students should be learning about communicating with children and families in order to inform our communication teaching. We used focus groups to facilitate parents and carers in articulating the communication issues they felt were important for medical students to learn. These data were analysed, using qualitative and quantitative methods, to produce a survey for a Delphi consultation. The results of this stage were mapped onto the Calgary-Cambridge framework for the medical interview. There was considerable overlap of the data on the Calgary-Cambridge framework. There was, however, an emphasis by respondents on perceptual skills, self-awareness and partnership. Within the main tasks of the Calgary-Cambridge framework, new objectives emerged, including giving information in the right place, and the imp...
Care-Related Quality of Life in Old Age, 2008
... The theories focus in different ways on the human condition to which care is ... capacities, ... more ... The theories focus in different ways on the human condition to which care is ... capacities, but it includes also other supporting activities, which enhance the (relative) independence of the ... desirable outcomes like non-smoking, restrictions to assure safety, or just sharing of scarce ...
Care-Related Quality of Life in Old Age, 2008
Abstract (from the chapter) It is generally accepted that most old people prefer to live independ... more Abstract (from the chapter) It is generally accepted that most old people prefer to live independently in their own homes. However, institutional care in nursing or residential homes is often the only option available for frail and dependent people, who require ...
Care-Related Quality of Life in Old Age, 2008
... Research Marja Vaarama, Ene-Margit Tiit, Seija Muurinen, Richard Pieper, Kai Saks, Andrew Six... more ... Research Marja Vaarama, Ene-Margit Tiit, Seija Muurinen, Richard Pieper, Kai Saks, Andrew Sixsmith and Margaret Hammond Introduction Research ... Development of the Instrument for Client Interviews (CLINT) Measuring QoL and its Determinants To provide an overview of ...
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2000
OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that a micronutrient supplement can improve seroconversion aft... more OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that a micronutrient supplement can improve seroconversion after influenza immunization in older institutionalized people. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Nursing and residential homes in Liverpool, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty-four residents aged 60 and older from 31 homes were initially randomized; of these, 119 (72.6%) completed the study. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomized to receive a micronutrient supplement providing the reference nutrient intake for all vitamins and trace elements or identical placebo. Tablets were taken over an 8-week period during September and October 2000; influenza vaccine was administered 4 weeks after their commencement. MEASUREMENTS: The hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody response as defined by a fourfold or greater titer rise over 4 weeks and assessed separately for each of the three antigens contained in the 2000/2001 influenza vaccine (A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1), A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2), B/Beijing/184/93 (B)). RESULTS: Despite a significant increase in serum concentrations of vitamins A, C, D 3, E, folate, and selenium in the supplemented group, there was no significant difference between groups (supplemented vs placebo, respectively) in the proportion of participants seroconverting to H1N1 (41% vs 49%, P 5.374), H3N2 (49% vs 58%, P 5.343), or B (41% vs 40%, P 5.944). CONCLUSION: A micronutrient supplement providing the reference nutrient intake administered over 8 weeks had no beneficial effect on antibody response to influenza vaccine in older people living in long-term care.
Journal of Feline Medicine & Surgery, 2008
Questionnaires regarding the perceptions of chemotherapy and its impact on the quality of life (Q... more Questionnaires regarding the perceptions of chemotherapy and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) of their cat were received from owners of 31 cats treated for lymphoma between 2002 and 2006 with COP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone) chemotherapy. The QoL scores prior to the onset of cancer (mean 9.5, range 6e10) were significantly higher than the ratings given after the onset of cancer but before commencement of chemotherapy (mean 3.9, range 1e9.4). The QoL scores during chemotherapy (mean 6.3, range 1e10) were also significantly lower than prior to the onset of cancer, but significantly higher during treatment than prior to starting treatment. Adverse effects were experienced by 27 (87%) cats during the course of chemotherapy. Twenty-five (83%) of clients were happy they treated their cat and 27 owners (87%) would treat another cat. The results suggest that COP chemotherapy is perceived by owners to be tolerated by cats.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1993
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1997
To determine the response of physically ill elderly depressed patients to treatment. Acute geriat... more To determine the response of physically ill elderly depressed patients to treatment. Acute geriatric medical inpatients with depression, randomly assigned to an 8-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine. Response rate as defined by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Eighty-two patients entered the trial; 62 patients (all those who had completed at least 3 weeks of treatment) were included in the efficacy analysis. Forty-two completed the full 8 weeks (21 in each group) with response rates of 67% in the fluoxetine group and 38% in the placebo group. No significant difference was found between the responses of the two groups (p = 0.12). There was a trend for results in the fluoxetine group to continue to improve with time. On secondary analysis those patients with serious physical illness who completed 5 or more weeks (N = 37) showed a significant improvement in mood if treated with fluoxetine (p = 0.02). The main benefit of antidepressants is to approximately double the chances of recovery. This trial showed the response rate of the fluoxetine treated group was increased by a factor of 1.8 over the placebo group in an 8-week period. The presence of physical illness, often severe and/or multiple, did not reduce the effectiveness of the medication, which was well tolerated overall. Those with serious physical disease responded significantly better to drug treatment; this will require further work. Psychological support was also considered to be important.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1998
To assess the appropriateness of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Montgomery-Asberg D... more To assess the appropriateness of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale in depressed elderly physically ill patients. Depression scale scores from depressed medical inpatients were assessed for internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, and subjected to exploratory principal components factor analyses. 100 medical inpatients, aged 65 years and over (median age 80.5 years, range 66-99), 74 female, with Geriatric Mental State Schedule-AGECAT case level diagnoses of depression. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDS) and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Coefficient alpha for the HDS was 0.46; for the MADRS 0.61. Successive deletion of HDS items to maximize alpha resulted in a six-item scale (alpha = 0.60); after deletion of five MADRS items, alpha was 0.77. Factor analysis of the HDS yielded a four-factor solution accounting for 57% of the variance, the majority due to anxiety and insomnia items; the MADRS yielded a two-factor solution explaining 60% of the variance. Coefficient alpha for both scales is well below the minimum necessary for the total score to be used to represent a single construct. The HDS appears to be an unreliable measure of depression severity in elderly people with physical illness, as the major variance in the scores is due to anxiety and insomnia. The MADRS performs better, and with modification may be an appropriate measurement of depression severity in this population.
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1997
To determine the response to treatment of different subgroups within a sample of physically ill e... more To determine the response to treatment of different subgroups within a sample of physically ill elderly depressed patients. Acute geriatric medical inpatients with depression, randomly assigned to an 8-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine. Response rate as defined by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Data were analysed in subgroups according to diagnosed physical problems and concomitant medication. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify subgroups valid for separate analysis. Those reaching at least 5 weeks of treatment showed a significant improvement compared with the placebo group if they had serious life-threatening disease, cerebrovascular disease, were not demented, or were either on no analgesics or on analgesics stronger than paracetamol. While the response to treatment in these subgroups was encouraging, general physicians must not be led to believe that the answer to depression lies only in pharmacological intervention, just as the belief that the risk-benefit ratio of such treatment where indicated is too high must be discouraged.
International Journal of Art & Design Education, 2012
is the home of the National Collection of Modern Arts in the North of England and one of the larg... more is the home of the National Collection of Modern Arts in the North of England and one of the largest galleries of modern and contemporary art in England outside of London. The rationale for this project was derived from the medical humanities position that art allows insight into the human condition; that 'the inclusion of a more humanistic approach to the training of healthcare staff could produce clinicians with a broader general approach, with resulting benefits to patients' (Geddes in Cowling 2004, 68); and that students can be helped to develop skills of observation, not only of physical representation but also of emotion and narrative. Previous research into the role of the arts within the medical humanities has claimed that it can enrich a variety of individual and group values, including emotional, social, psychological, cultural and educational values (Nuffield Trust 1998, 11). In order to be effective in translating ideas into practice, it has been suggested that there needs to be a cross-disciplinary approach which utilises both social and healthcare settings (Tilcock et al. 2005, 52). The project used the resources of the gallery and the experience of art educators to create a programme that explored the value of engaging with art, to enhance medical students' professionalism as future practitioners and as members of a healthcare team: 'challenging each other to form a cohesive idea about the art studied' whilst offering 'participants a creative model for linking feelings with reasoned observations and for testing, articulating, and arguing these perceptions' (Reilly et al. 2005, 252). As part of its Continuing Professional Development course portfolio, Tate Liverpool runs Opening Doors: the gallery as a resource for learning (Charnock & D'Silva 2003). Opening Doors is aimed at staff working in the social care and health professions and has attracted participants from a broad range of organisations in the health and social care fields.
Gerontology, 2008
levels of selenium in frail older individuals. Following 8 weeks of micronutrient supplementation... more levels of selenium in frail older individuals. Following 8 weeks of micronutrient supplementation, there was a significant increase in selenium levels and improved symptoms of depression occurred in a subgroup.
European Psychiatry, 1996
A screening scale for identification of depression in the acutely ill geriatric medical patient (... more A screening scale for identification of depression in the acutely ill geriatric medical patient (ELDRS) was developed. During validation studies prevalence of depression was found to be approximately 30%, and response to treatment in an open trial of fluoxetine was good. It ...