Handan Kamış - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Handan Kamış
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008
Manganese-doped and undoped ZnO photocatalysts were synthesized via wet-chemical techniques. Dopi... more Manganese-doped and undoped ZnO photocatalysts were synthesized via wet-chemical techniques. Doping of ZnO with manganese (Mn(2+)) was intended to create tail states within the band gap of ZnO. These can subsequently be used as efficient photocatalysts which can effectively degrade organic contaminants only with visible light irradiation. Photocatalysts prepared with these techniques, which were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), photo-co-relation spectroscopy (PCS) and UV-vis-spectroscopy showed significant difference in the optical absorption of Mn-doped ZnO. Enhancement in optical absorption of Mn-doped ZnO indicates that it can be used as an efficient photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. The photo-reduction activities of photocatalysts were evaluated using a basic aniline dye, methylene blue (MB) as organic contaminant irradiated only with visible light from tungsten bulb. It was found that manganese-doped ZnO (ZnO:Mn(2+)) bleaches MB much faster than undoped ZnO upon its exposure to the visible light. The experiment demonstrated that the photo-degradation efficiency of ZnO:Mn(2+) was significantly higher than that of undoped ZnO and might also be better than the conventional metal oxide semiconductor such as TiO(2) using MB as a contaminant.
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2013
ChemistrySelect
Photocatalysis is the most environmentally benign and efficient method for degrading organic dyes... more Photocatalysis is the most environmentally benign and efficient method for degrading organic dyes in water purification. Herein, the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was achieved by simple homogeneous chemical precipitation via the support of adipic acid and followed the calcination process at elevated temperatures. Based on the physical and morphological characterization analysis, the high crystallinity hexagonal structure with uniform granular shape morphology of the ZnO nanoparticles was formed with a band gap of 3.2 eV. The photocatalytic performance of the ZnO nanoparticles was investigated with the degradation of methylene blue (M.B.) dye as a model compound in an aqueous medium under UV light irradiation. The optimal ZnO‐700 nanoparticles demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity thanks to their large surface area and numerous oxygen vacancies. More importantly, a small amount of photocatalyst (0.4 g/L) successfully degraded M.B. dye from an aqueous solution with 100 % e...
Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2019
Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Ag deposited ZnO (ZnO@Ag) core-shell nanorods produced electrochemically on ... more Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Ag deposited ZnO (ZnO@Ag) core-shell nanorods produced electrochemically on indium tin oxide coated glass (ITO) substrate for the first time without any organic surfactants or high annealing temperature. Nanorod films were synthesized two-step synthesis procedure. Firstly, ZnO nanorods electrodeposited at low temperature, in second step, in situ electrochemically etching of deposited ZnO nanorod was carried out. Characterizations of electrochemically produced films have been carried by using morphologic, spectroscopic and structural analysis methods by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Elemental mapping, UV-visible diffuse absorption spectra and photoluminesance spectroscopy (PL). The photocatalytic performance of the obtained films was determined by degradation of methylene blue and malachite green dyes under UV light illumination. Methylene blue and ...
DergiPark (Istanbul University), Mar 1, 2004
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Mar 1, 2012
ABSTRACT Electrooxidation of methanol have been studied on the poly(vinylferrocene) (PVF) coated ... more ABSTRACT Electrooxidation of methanol have been studied on the poly(vinylferrocene) (PVF) coated Pt substrate electrode and uncoated Pt substrate electrode in aqueous HClO4 solutions and the results have been compared. The effects of various parameters such as polymeric films thickness, potential scan rates, methanol concentration and media temperature on the electrooxidation of methanol have been investigated. The results have showed that the current values obtained for the electrooxidation of methanol have been up to 19 times higher than the current values obtained with bare Pt substrate under the same conditions. The Ea values for forward scan oxidation of methanol at PVF coated Pt substrate and Pt substrate electrode have been found to be 8.2 kJ mol−1 and 32.7 kJ mol−1, respectively. The Ea values for reverse scan oxidation at the PVF coated Pt substrate and Pt substrate electrode have also been calculated as 21.7 kJ mol−1 and 49.8 kJ mol−1, respectively. The Ea values for the PVF coated Pt substrate electrode are lower than Pt substrate electrode for methanol electrooxidation indicating that electrocatalytic activity of PVF. Electrooxidation of methanol in this system shows no significant effects of site poisoning by chemisorbed CO. Furthermore, our results suggest that the important role of OH chemisorbed onto polymer matrix in electrocatalysis of methanol on modified electrode. The catalytic efficiency of PVF towards oxidation of methanol has been determined and it has been found to be higher than 100% at all scan rates. The results suggest that the electrooxidation of methanol proceeds on the PVF modified Pt substrate electrode with good catalytic efficiency. Chronoamperometry experiments have been also confirmed electrocatalytic performance of the PVF coating.
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Mar 1, 2006
The preparations and performances of the novel amperometric biosensors for glucose based on immob... more The preparations and performances of the novel amperometric biosensors for glucose based on immobilized glucose oxidase (GOD) on modified Pt electrodes are described. Two types of modified electrodes for the enzyme immobilization were used in this study, polyvinylferrocene (PVF) coated Pt electrode and gold deposited PVF coated Pt electrode. A simple method for the immobilization of GOD enzyme on the modified electrodes was described. The enzyme electrodes developed in this study were called as PVF-GOD enzyme electrode and PVF-Au-GOD enzyme electrode, respectively. The amperometric responses of the enzyme electrodes were measured at constant potential, which was due to the electrooxidation of enzymatically produced H2O2. The electrocatalytic effects of the polymer, PVF, and the gold particles towards the electrooxidation of the enzymatically generated H2O2 offers sensitive and selective monitoring of glucose. The biosensor based on PVF-Au-GOD electrode has 6.6 times larger maximum current, 3.8 times higher sensitivity and 1.6 times larger linear working portion than those of the biosensor based on PVF-GOD electrode. The effects of the applied potential, the thickness of the polymeric film, the amount of the immobilized enzyme, pH, the amount of the deposited Au, temperature and substrate concentration on the responses of the biosensors were investigated. The optimum pH was found to be pH 7.4 at 25 degrees C. Finally the effects of interferents, stability of the biosensors and applicability to serum analysis of the biosensor were also investigated.
Energy & Fuels, Sep 1, 1993
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of a Bełchatów lignite (R o) 0.26%) was carried out with fou... more Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of a Bełchatów lignite (R o) 0.26%) was carried out with four different solvents, i.e., a toluene, 2-propanol, toluene/2-propanol, and toluene/THF mixtures, at 360°C and 10 MPa in an apparatus with continuous flow of solvent. The type of solvent has an influence not only on the extract yield but also on the sulfur extractability. For the 2-propanol/ toluene mixture the highest process yield was obtained, 43.1%. The toluene/THF mixture was shown to be the most effective solvent in terms of the extraction of organosulfur compounds (OSC). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to study the distribution of OSC in the extract obtained on the SFE process. The results demonstrate that the preparation of a sample prior to GC-MS analysis has a great influence on the OSC distribution of the extract. For the raw extract with solvent, aliphatic and aromatic thiols, aliphatic sulfides, polysulfides, and the C 1-C 4 alkylthiophenes were detected, whereas only diphenyl sulfide, benzothiophene, and dibenzothiophene were identified after solvent removal by evaporating and final drying of the sample in a vacuum oven. Methyl thiol and methyl mono-, di-, and trisulfides seem to be originally present in the lignite. The presence of thiol and mono-, di-, and trisulfides substituted with an isopropyl group in the extract can be explained as due to the reaction of elemental sulfur with the 2-propanol used for the extraction
Electrochimica Acta, Mar 1, 2014
ABSTRACT A new biosensor based on immobilization of glucose oxidase (Gox) using enzyme solution c... more ABSTRACT A new biosensor based on immobilization of glucose oxidase (Gox) using enzyme solution containing o-phenylenediamine(oPD) on platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) electrodeposited polyvinylferrocenium perchlorate matrix (PVF+ClO4−) was fabricated for the bioelectrochemical determination of glucose. Firstly, PVF+ClO4− film was electroprecipitated on Pt electrode by electrooxidation of polyvinylferrocene, and then PtNPs were electrodeposited on PVF+ClO4−/Pt. Finally, Gox was immobilized simultaneously with the electropolymerization of oPD on PtNPs/PVF+ClO4−/Pt. The biosensor showed excellent anti-interference ability to ascorbic acid and uric acid due to the permselectivity of PoPD in the structure of the proposed biosensor. The linear range of Gox-PoPD/PtNPs/PVF+ClO4−/Pt was from 0.06 mM to 9.64 mM with a sensitivity of 17.40 μA mM−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 0.018 mM. The effects of applied potential, PVF+ClO4− film thickness, oPD concentration, Gox concentration, electropolymerization time and temperature on the response current of the biosensor were investigated in detail. The electrocatalytic effect of PtNPs as well as repeatability, reproducibility and stability of the biosensor were also studied. PtNPs modified PVF+ClO4−/Pt exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity to the electrooxidation of H2O2. In addition, the biosensor was successfully applied for the determination of glucose concentration in human blood serum samples.
Particulate Science and Technology, 2016
ABSTRACT Polyaniline (PANI) has been successively synthesized in aqueous diethylene glycol soluti... more ABSTRACT Polyaniline (PANI) has been successively synthesized in aqueous diethylene glycol solution medium by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium peroxidisulfate [(NH4)2S2O8] as an oxidant in an aqueous solution of 0.5 M acetic acid (CH3COOH) as a dopant. Polyaniline–lead (PANI–Pb) and polyaniline–copper (PANI–Cu) nanocomposites have been chemically prepared for the first time by oxidative polymerization of aniline in aqueous diethylene glycol/acetic acidic medium. The synthesized PANI and nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Conductivity measurements of the polymer and nanocomposites were performed using the four-probe technique. Morphology changes of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PANI nanotubes were formed without added codopant, but when Pb(CH3COO)2 or Cu(CH3COO)2 was added as a codopant, the morphology of PANI obviously changed. The PANI–Cu and PANI–Pb nanocomposites exhibit higher conductivity than the PANI homopolymer, but the conductivity of the composites slightly decreased on increasing the metal concentrations.
Turkish Journal of Chemistry
The development of nanostructures with designed complex morphologies and compositions offers new ... more The development of nanostructures with designed complex morphologies and compositions offers new potential for improving the properties of the neat structure by the synergistic combination. Due to their potential for several functionalities, such as catalytic, magnetic, and optoelectronic ones, nanoparticle hybridization has gained considerable attention lately [1]. For instance, electrical conduction can be increased by incorporating various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles into graphene [2]. The hybridization-developed features enable applications in various industries like electronics, sensors, and energy [3,4]. Recently, Wide-band-gap nanoscale semiconductors with superior carrier density and mobility can operate at high temperatures, and voltages have attracted much attention [5-9]. The III group-nitride semiconductor material GaN, which exhibits a wide bandgap at the nanoscale, is one of the most promising ones (3.4 eV at room temperature) [10]. Great success has already been achieved in many optoelectronic and electronic devices, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [11], solar cells [11], chemical sensors [12-14], and biosensors [15] with the implementation of GaN nanostructures. The wide-band-gap metal oxides can be used as a photocatalyst for decomposing dyes, organic molecules, and different contaminates, reducing CO 2 and splitting water [16,17]. One of the most critical parameters in the photocatalytic degradation process is chemical stability due to prolonged contact time. To improve the chemical stability of metal oxides like ZnO and TiO 2 can be coupled with GaN [18]. Photoconductive metal-oxide-semiconductors are attracted materials because of their active surface and UV sensing processes [19]. ZnO is a broadband gap material and holds a significant place within the semiconductor group (3.37 eV) [20]. This oxide creates potential applications in optoelectronics due to its physical properties [21,22]. ZnO nanostructures show excellent photocatalytic activity in reducing environmental pollution [23]. The direct energy gap of ZnO exhibits similar properties as in GaN, and it is expected to use ZnO in applications using GaN [24]. Therefore, it is also possible to use GaN and ZnO to improve the properties of materials [25]. The combination of GaN and ZnO nanostructures has led to lower band gaps (2.6-2.9 eV Abstract: Nanostructured semiconductor materials are considered potential candidates for the degradation of textile wastewater via the photocatalytic process. This study aims to produce hexagonal gallium nitride (GaN) nanoplates and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in a deionized water environment utilizing a one-step arc discharge process. Detailed characterization of samples has been completed via scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV visible spectroscopy methods. The hybrid nanostructure morphologies consist of nanoplates and nanorods of different sizes. The photoperformance of GaN/ZnO hybrid nanostructures was assessed via the malachite green (MG) dye degradation under UV exposure. Under UV exposure, the degradation yield reached 98% in 60 min. Compared to individual ZnO and GaN nanoparticles, the photocatalytic reaction rate of the GaN/ZnO photocatalyst is 2.2 and 3.6 times faster, respectively. Besides, the GaN/ZnO hybrid nanostructures show excellent photocatalytic stability. The energy consumption of the photocatalytic degradation in the presence of GaN/ZnO hybrid nanostructures was 1.688 kWhL-1. These results demonstrate that the GaN/ZnO hybrid nanostructures with improved photocatalytic activity are a reasonable option for the decomposition of textile wastewater under UV light exposure.
International Journal of Phytoremediation
Selcuk University Journal of Engineering ,Science and Technology, 2014
In this study, the polypyrrole(Ppy) was synthesized firstly in aqueous diethylene glycol solution... more In this study, the polypyrrole(Ppy) was synthesized firstly in aqueous diethylene glycol solution via chemical oxidative polymerization. Synthesized polymer was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy(UV-vis) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and electrical conductivity of the samples was measured by four point AC conductivity method. It was found that the synthesized Ppy has homogeneous spherical shaped and its electrical conductivity was 3.64x10-3 Scm-1 .
Bu calismada; yapisinda pirol (Py) ve antrakinonu bir arada bulunduran yeni 1,5-(1-pirolil)-9,10-... more Bu calismada; yapisinda pirol (Py) ve antrakinonu bir arada bulunduran yeni 1,5-(1-pirolil)-9,10-antrakinon monomeri sentezlenmistir. Sentezlenen bu yeni monomerin yapisal karakterizasyonu Fourier Transform Infrared Spektroskopisi (FTIR) ve 1H-NMR Spektroskopisi yontemleriyle gerceklestirilmis, elektrokimyasal davranisi ise donusumlu voltametri (CV) yontemiyle incelenmistir. 1,5-(1-pirolil)-9,10-antrakinon monomeri TBAPF destek elektroliti iceren nitrobenzen cozucu ortaminda surekli gerilim taramasi yapilarak ITO (indiyum kalay oksit) kapli cam elektrot yuzeyinde elektrokimyasal olarak polimerlestirilmistir. Uretilen yeni polimer filmin elektrokimyasal karakterizasyonu donusumlu voltametri ve kronoamperometri (CA) yontemleriyle gerceklestirilmistir. Polimer filmin iletkenligi dort nokta iletkenlik olcum yontemi ile olculmus, morfolojik yapisi Taramali Elektron Mikroskopisi (SEM) ile incelenmistir. FTIR spektroskopisi ve UV gorunur bolge absorpsiyon spektroskopisi ile spektroskopik a...
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy, 2021
A series of disazobenzo[c]cinnoline dyes was prepared by coupling reaction of 3,8-dihydroxybenzo[... more A series of disazobenzo[c]cinnoline dyes was prepared by coupling reaction of 3,8-dihydroxybenzo[c]cinnoline with diazotised aromatic amines. The structures of these dyes were confirmed using UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H NMR, LC-MS/MS and LC-MS/TOF spectroscopic techniques. 13C NMR, 13C-DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C HMQC and 1H-13C HMBC spectra of dye 12 were demonstrated in this study. In addition, the effects of the substituent attached to the phenyl ring, solvent and acid-base on the UV-Vis spectra of the dyes were investigated. Besides, voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical behaviours of four disazobenzo[c]cinnolines (2, 8, 11 and 13) in acetonitrile (ACN) solution were also evaluated. It was observed that the disazobenzo[c]cinnoline derivatives indicated reversible voltammetric behaviour in acetonitrile-tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (ACN-TBAP) solution. A square-wave potential step method coupled with optical spectroscopy was used to probe switching times and optic contrast of the dyes.
Chemistry of Materials, 2009
Iron pyrite (FeS 2) has long been a material of interest for photovoltaic devices. 1 With an indi... more Iron pyrite (FeS 2) has long been a material of interest for photovoltaic devices. 1 With an indirect energy transition at 0.95eV, a direct transition at 1.03eV, 1b and an integrated absorption coefficient of 3.3×10 5 cm-1 for the energy spectrum of wavelength values (λ) between 300 nm and 750 nm, it is ideally suited for photovoltaic applications. This coupled with low procurement costs and vast abundance gives pyrite the potential to be a disruptive photovoltaic material when compared to many other candidate. 2 (1) (a) Ellmer, K.; Tributsch H. In Iron Disulfide(Pyrite) as Photovoltaic Material: Problems and Opportunities,
S U Muhendislik Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, Oct 17, 2012
Polianilin (PANI) ve PANI/ZnO nanokompozitleri, sirasiyla anilin ve ZnO nanoparcacik ilave edilmi... more Polianilin (PANI) ve PANI/ZnO nanokompozitleri, sirasiyla anilin ve ZnO nanoparcacik ilave edilmis anilinin kimyasal oksidatif polimerizasyonu ile sentezlenmistir. ZnO nanoparcaciklari ark-desarj yontemi ile sentezlenerek PANI/ZnO nanokompozitlerinin hazirlanmasinda kullanilmistir. ZnO nanoparcaciklarinin PANI’nin karakteristigi uzerindeki etkisini incelemek amaciyla Anilin/ZnO nanoparcacik molar orani degistirilmistir. Taramali elektron mikroskopisi analizlerine gore, ZnO nanoparcaciklari PANI matriks icerisinde homojen bir sekilde dagitilmistir. PANI/ZnO nanokompozitlerinin Fourier donusumlu Infrared spektroskopisi ile yapilan incelemelerinde, PANI matriks icerisindeki ZnO nanoparcacik miktari arttikca PANI’ye ait karakteristik bantlarin daha yuksek dalga boylarina kaydigi tespit edilmistir. Ayrica, hazirlanan nanokompozitler ile malahit yesili sulu boya cozeltisinin ultraviole isik etkisi altinda bozunmasi arastirilmistir. Deneysel olarak elde edilen sonuclara gore, malahit yesili sulu cozeltisi icerisine 1,2 g/L PANI/ZnO nanokompozit katalizoru katildiginda 180 dakika sonunda %98’in uzerinde bozunma gerceklestigi bulunmustur.
Conjugated polymers exhibiting adjustable color changes under an electric field have been receivi... more Conjugated polymers exhibiting adjustable color changes under an electric field have been receiving great research interest due to their potential use in electrochromic applications. High-performance electrochromic materials are required to have well-defined donor-acceptor (D-A) units, a low optical bandgap, and fast response time. To fulfill these demands, herein, for the first time, two conducting macromolecules poly-3,8-diaminobenzo[c]cinnoline (P1) and poly-4,7-bis(phenyldiazenyl)benzo[c]cinnoline-3,8-diamine (P2) were successfully fabricated on the ITO substrate via electrochemical polymerization from their corresponding monomers in 0.1 M TBAP/acetonitrile solution. Consequently, two conjugated polymeric films show well-defined azo and amine functional groups, which are responsible for electron-withdrawing and electron-donating, respectively. The optical bandgaps (Eg) of P1 and P2 films were found 1.87 eV and 1.81 eV, respectively. The P1 exhibited a yellowish-brown color in ne...
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008
Manganese-doped and undoped ZnO photocatalysts were synthesized via wet-chemical techniques. Dopi... more Manganese-doped and undoped ZnO photocatalysts were synthesized via wet-chemical techniques. Doping of ZnO with manganese (Mn(2+)) was intended to create tail states within the band gap of ZnO. These can subsequently be used as efficient photocatalysts which can effectively degrade organic contaminants only with visible light irradiation. Photocatalysts prepared with these techniques, which were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), photo-co-relation spectroscopy (PCS) and UV-vis-spectroscopy showed significant difference in the optical absorption of Mn-doped ZnO. Enhancement in optical absorption of Mn-doped ZnO indicates that it can be used as an efficient photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. The photo-reduction activities of photocatalysts were evaluated using a basic aniline dye, methylene blue (MB) as organic contaminant irradiated only with visible light from tungsten bulb. It was found that manganese-doped ZnO (ZnO:Mn(2+)) bleaches MB much faster than undoped ZnO upon its exposure to the visible light. The experiment demonstrated that the photo-degradation efficiency of ZnO:Mn(2+) was significantly higher than that of undoped ZnO and might also be better than the conventional metal oxide semiconductor such as TiO(2) using MB as a contaminant.
Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2013
ChemistrySelect
Photocatalysis is the most environmentally benign and efficient method for degrading organic dyes... more Photocatalysis is the most environmentally benign and efficient method for degrading organic dyes in water purification. Herein, the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was achieved by simple homogeneous chemical precipitation via the support of adipic acid and followed the calcination process at elevated temperatures. Based on the physical and morphological characterization analysis, the high crystallinity hexagonal structure with uniform granular shape morphology of the ZnO nanoparticles was formed with a band gap of 3.2 eV. The photocatalytic performance of the ZnO nanoparticles was investigated with the degradation of methylene blue (M.B.) dye as a model compound in an aqueous medium under UV light irradiation. The optimal ZnO‐700 nanoparticles demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity thanks to their large surface area and numerous oxygen vacancies. More importantly, a small amount of photocatalyst (0.4 g/L) successfully degraded M.B. dye from an aqueous solution with 100 % e...
Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2019
Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Ag deposited ZnO (ZnO@Ag) core-shell nanorods produced electrochemically on ... more Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Ag deposited ZnO (ZnO@Ag) core-shell nanorods produced electrochemically on indium tin oxide coated glass (ITO) substrate for the first time without any organic surfactants or high annealing temperature. Nanorod films were synthesized two-step synthesis procedure. Firstly, ZnO nanorods electrodeposited at low temperature, in second step, in situ electrochemically etching of deposited ZnO nanorod was carried out. Characterizations of electrochemically produced films have been carried by using morphologic, spectroscopic and structural analysis methods by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Elemental mapping, UV-visible diffuse absorption spectra and photoluminesance spectroscopy (PL). The photocatalytic performance of the obtained films was determined by degradation of methylene blue and malachite green dyes under UV light illumination. Methylene blue and ...
DergiPark (Istanbul University), Mar 1, 2004
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Mar 1, 2012
ABSTRACT Electrooxidation of methanol have been studied on the poly(vinylferrocene) (PVF) coated ... more ABSTRACT Electrooxidation of methanol have been studied on the poly(vinylferrocene) (PVF) coated Pt substrate electrode and uncoated Pt substrate electrode in aqueous HClO4 solutions and the results have been compared. The effects of various parameters such as polymeric films thickness, potential scan rates, methanol concentration and media temperature on the electrooxidation of methanol have been investigated. The results have showed that the current values obtained for the electrooxidation of methanol have been up to 19 times higher than the current values obtained with bare Pt substrate under the same conditions. The Ea values for forward scan oxidation of methanol at PVF coated Pt substrate and Pt substrate electrode have been found to be 8.2 kJ mol−1 and 32.7 kJ mol−1, respectively. The Ea values for reverse scan oxidation at the PVF coated Pt substrate and Pt substrate electrode have also been calculated as 21.7 kJ mol−1 and 49.8 kJ mol−1, respectively. The Ea values for the PVF coated Pt substrate electrode are lower than Pt substrate electrode for methanol electrooxidation indicating that electrocatalytic activity of PVF. Electrooxidation of methanol in this system shows no significant effects of site poisoning by chemisorbed CO. Furthermore, our results suggest that the important role of OH chemisorbed onto polymer matrix in electrocatalysis of methanol on modified electrode. The catalytic efficiency of PVF towards oxidation of methanol has been determined and it has been found to be higher than 100% at all scan rates. The results suggest that the electrooxidation of methanol proceeds on the PVF modified Pt substrate electrode with good catalytic efficiency. Chronoamperometry experiments have been also confirmed electrocatalytic performance of the PVF coating.
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Mar 1, 2006
The preparations and performances of the novel amperometric biosensors for glucose based on immob... more The preparations and performances of the novel amperometric biosensors for glucose based on immobilized glucose oxidase (GOD) on modified Pt electrodes are described. Two types of modified electrodes for the enzyme immobilization were used in this study, polyvinylferrocene (PVF) coated Pt electrode and gold deposited PVF coated Pt electrode. A simple method for the immobilization of GOD enzyme on the modified electrodes was described. The enzyme electrodes developed in this study were called as PVF-GOD enzyme electrode and PVF-Au-GOD enzyme electrode, respectively. The amperometric responses of the enzyme electrodes were measured at constant potential, which was due to the electrooxidation of enzymatically produced H2O2. The electrocatalytic effects of the polymer, PVF, and the gold particles towards the electrooxidation of the enzymatically generated H2O2 offers sensitive and selective monitoring of glucose. The biosensor based on PVF-Au-GOD electrode has 6.6 times larger maximum current, 3.8 times higher sensitivity and 1.6 times larger linear working portion than those of the biosensor based on PVF-GOD electrode. The effects of the applied potential, the thickness of the polymeric film, the amount of the immobilized enzyme, pH, the amount of the deposited Au, temperature and substrate concentration on the responses of the biosensors were investigated. The optimum pH was found to be pH 7.4 at 25 degrees C. Finally the effects of interferents, stability of the biosensors and applicability to serum analysis of the biosensor were also investigated.
Energy & Fuels, Sep 1, 1993
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of a Bełchatów lignite (R o) 0.26%) was carried out with fou... more Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of a Bełchatów lignite (R o) 0.26%) was carried out with four different solvents, i.e., a toluene, 2-propanol, toluene/2-propanol, and toluene/THF mixtures, at 360°C and 10 MPa in an apparatus with continuous flow of solvent. The type of solvent has an influence not only on the extract yield but also on the sulfur extractability. For the 2-propanol/ toluene mixture the highest process yield was obtained, 43.1%. The toluene/THF mixture was shown to be the most effective solvent in terms of the extraction of organosulfur compounds (OSC). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to study the distribution of OSC in the extract obtained on the SFE process. The results demonstrate that the preparation of a sample prior to GC-MS analysis has a great influence on the OSC distribution of the extract. For the raw extract with solvent, aliphatic and aromatic thiols, aliphatic sulfides, polysulfides, and the C 1-C 4 alkylthiophenes were detected, whereas only diphenyl sulfide, benzothiophene, and dibenzothiophene were identified after solvent removal by evaporating and final drying of the sample in a vacuum oven. Methyl thiol and methyl mono-, di-, and trisulfides seem to be originally present in the lignite. The presence of thiol and mono-, di-, and trisulfides substituted with an isopropyl group in the extract can be explained as due to the reaction of elemental sulfur with the 2-propanol used for the extraction
Electrochimica Acta, Mar 1, 2014
ABSTRACT A new biosensor based on immobilization of glucose oxidase (Gox) using enzyme solution c... more ABSTRACT A new biosensor based on immobilization of glucose oxidase (Gox) using enzyme solution containing o-phenylenediamine(oPD) on platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) electrodeposited polyvinylferrocenium perchlorate matrix (PVF+ClO4−) was fabricated for the bioelectrochemical determination of glucose. Firstly, PVF+ClO4− film was electroprecipitated on Pt electrode by electrooxidation of polyvinylferrocene, and then PtNPs were electrodeposited on PVF+ClO4−/Pt. Finally, Gox was immobilized simultaneously with the electropolymerization of oPD on PtNPs/PVF+ClO4−/Pt. The biosensor showed excellent anti-interference ability to ascorbic acid and uric acid due to the permselectivity of PoPD in the structure of the proposed biosensor. The linear range of Gox-PoPD/PtNPs/PVF+ClO4−/Pt was from 0.06 mM to 9.64 mM with a sensitivity of 17.40 μA mM−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 0.018 mM. The effects of applied potential, PVF+ClO4− film thickness, oPD concentration, Gox concentration, electropolymerization time and temperature on the response current of the biosensor were investigated in detail. The electrocatalytic effect of PtNPs as well as repeatability, reproducibility and stability of the biosensor were also studied. PtNPs modified PVF+ClO4−/Pt exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity to the electrooxidation of H2O2. In addition, the biosensor was successfully applied for the determination of glucose concentration in human blood serum samples.
Particulate Science and Technology, 2016
ABSTRACT Polyaniline (PANI) has been successively synthesized in aqueous diethylene glycol soluti... more ABSTRACT Polyaniline (PANI) has been successively synthesized in aqueous diethylene glycol solution medium by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium peroxidisulfate [(NH4)2S2O8] as an oxidant in an aqueous solution of 0.5 M acetic acid (CH3COOH) as a dopant. Polyaniline–lead (PANI–Pb) and polyaniline–copper (PANI–Cu) nanocomposites have been chemically prepared for the first time by oxidative polymerization of aniline in aqueous diethylene glycol/acetic acidic medium. The synthesized PANI and nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Conductivity measurements of the polymer and nanocomposites were performed using the four-probe technique. Morphology changes of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PANI nanotubes were formed without added codopant, but when Pb(CH3COO)2 or Cu(CH3COO)2 was added as a codopant, the morphology of PANI obviously changed. The PANI–Cu and PANI–Pb nanocomposites exhibit higher conductivity than the PANI homopolymer, but the conductivity of the composites slightly decreased on increasing the metal concentrations.
Turkish Journal of Chemistry
The development of nanostructures with designed complex morphologies and compositions offers new ... more The development of nanostructures with designed complex morphologies and compositions offers new potential for improving the properties of the neat structure by the synergistic combination. Due to their potential for several functionalities, such as catalytic, magnetic, and optoelectronic ones, nanoparticle hybridization has gained considerable attention lately [1]. For instance, electrical conduction can be increased by incorporating various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles into graphene [2]. The hybridization-developed features enable applications in various industries like electronics, sensors, and energy [3,4]. Recently, Wide-band-gap nanoscale semiconductors with superior carrier density and mobility can operate at high temperatures, and voltages have attracted much attention [5-9]. The III group-nitride semiconductor material GaN, which exhibits a wide bandgap at the nanoscale, is one of the most promising ones (3.4 eV at room temperature) [10]. Great success has already been achieved in many optoelectronic and electronic devices, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [11], solar cells [11], chemical sensors [12-14], and biosensors [15] with the implementation of GaN nanostructures. The wide-band-gap metal oxides can be used as a photocatalyst for decomposing dyes, organic molecules, and different contaminates, reducing CO 2 and splitting water [16,17]. One of the most critical parameters in the photocatalytic degradation process is chemical stability due to prolonged contact time. To improve the chemical stability of metal oxides like ZnO and TiO 2 can be coupled with GaN [18]. Photoconductive metal-oxide-semiconductors are attracted materials because of their active surface and UV sensing processes [19]. ZnO is a broadband gap material and holds a significant place within the semiconductor group (3.37 eV) [20]. This oxide creates potential applications in optoelectronics due to its physical properties [21,22]. ZnO nanostructures show excellent photocatalytic activity in reducing environmental pollution [23]. The direct energy gap of ZnO exhibits similar properties as in GaN, and it is expected to use ZnO in applications using GaN [24]. Therefore, it is also possible to use GaN and ZnO to improve the properties of materials [25]. The combination of GaN and ZnO nanostructures has led to lower band gaps (2.6-2.9 eV Abstract: Nanostructured semiconductor materials are considered potential candidates for the degradation of textile wastewater via the photocatalytic process. This study aims to produce hexagonal gallium nitride (GaN) nanoplates and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in a deionized water environment utilizing a one-step arc discharge process. Detailed characterization of samples has been completed via scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV visible spectroscopy methods. The hybrid nanostructure morphologies consist of nanoplates and nanorods of different sizes. The photoperformance of GaN/ZnO hybrid nanostructures was assessed via the malachite green (MG) dye degradation under UV exposure. Under UV exposure, the degradation yield reached 98% in 60 min. Compared to individual ZnO and GaN nanoparticles, the photocatalytic reaction rate of the GaN/ZnO photocatalyst is 2.2 and 3.6 times faster, respectively. Besides, the GaN/ZnO hybrid nanostructures show excellent photocatalytic stability. The energy consumption of the photocatalytic degradation in the presence of GaN/ZnO hybrid nanostructures was 1.688 kWhL-1. These results demonstrate that the GaN/ZnO hybrid nanostructures with improved photocatalytic activity are a reasonable option for the decomposition of textile wastewater under UV light exposure.
International Journal of Phytoremediation
Selcuk University Journal of Engineering ,Science and Technology, 2014
In this study, the polypyrrole(Ppy) was synthesized firstly in aqueous diethylene glycol solution... more In this study, the polypyrrole(Ppy) was synthesized firstly in aqueous diethylene glycol solution via chemical oxidative polymerization. Synthesized polymer was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy(UV-vis) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and electrical conductivity of the samples was measured by four point AC conductivity method. It was found that the synthesized Ppy has homogeneous spherical shaped and its electrical conductivity was 3.64x10-3 Scm-1 .
Bu calismada; yapisinda pirol (Py) ve antrakinonu bir arada bulunduran yeni 1,5-(1-pirolil)-9,10-... more Bu calismada; yapisinda pirol (Py) ve antrakinonu bir arada bulunduran yeni 1,5-(1-pirolil)-9,10-antrakinon monomeri sentezlenmistir. Sentezlenen bu yeni monomerin yapisal karakterizasyonu Fourier Transform Infrared Spektroskopisi (FTIR) ve 1H-NMR Spektroskopisi yontemleriyle gerceklestirilmis, elektrokimyasal davranisi ise donusumlu voltametri (CV) yontemiyle incelenmistir. 1,5-(1-pirolil)-9,10-antrakinon monomeri TBAPF destek elektroliti iceren nitrobenzen cozucu ortaminda surekli gerilim taramasi yapilarak ITO (indiyum kalay oksit) kapli cam elektrot yuzeyinde elektrokimyasal olarak polimerlestirilmistir. Uretilen yeni polimer filmin elektrokimyasal karakterizasyonu donusumlu voltametri ve kronoamperometri (CA) yontemleriyle gerceklestirilmistir. Polimer filmin iletkenligi dort nokta iletkenlik olcum yontemi ile olculmus, morfolojik yapisi Taramali Elektron Mikroskopisi (SEM) ile incelenmistir. FTIR spektroskopisi ve UV gorunur bolge absorpsiyon spektroskopisi ile spektroskopik a...
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy, 2021
A series of disazobenzo[c]cinnoline dyes was prepared by coupling reaction of 3,8-dihydroxybenzo[... more A series of disazobenzo[c]cinnoline dyes was prepared by coupling reaction of 3,8-dihydroxybenzo[c]cinnoline with diazotised aromatic amines. The structures of these dyes were confirmed using UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H NMR, LC-MS/MS and LC-MS/TOF spectroscopic techniques. 13C NMR, 13C-DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C HMQC and 1H-13C HMBC spectra of dye 12 were demonstrated in this study. In addition, the effects of the substituent attached to the phenyl ring, solvent and acid-base on the UV-Vis spectra of the dyes were investigated. Besides, voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical behaviours of four disazobenzo[c]cinnolines (2, 8, 11 and 13) in acetonitrile (ACN) solution were also evaluated. It was observed that the disazobenzo[c]cinnoline derivatives indicated reversible voltammetric behaviour in acetonitrile-tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (ACN-TBAP) solution. A square-wave potential step method coupled with optical spectroscopy was used to probe switching times and optic contrast of the dyes.
Chemistry of Materials, 2009
Iron pyrite (FeS 2) has long been a material of interest for photovoltaic devices. 1 With an indi... more Iron pyrite (FeS 2) has long been a material of interest for photovoltaic devices. 1 With an indirect energy transition at 0.95eV, a direct transition at 1.03eV, 1b and an integrated absorption coefficient of 3.3×10 5 cm-1 for the energy spectrum of wavelength values (λ) between 300 nm and 750 nm, it is ideally suited for photovoltaic applications. This coupled with low procurement costs and vast abundance gives pyrite the potential to be a disruptive photovoltaic material when compared to many other candidate. 2 (1) (a) Ellmer, K.; Tributsch H. In Iron Disulfide(Pyrite) as Photovoltaic Material: Problems and Opportunities,
S U Muhendislik Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, Oct 17, 2012
Polianilin (PANI) ve PANI/ZnO nanokompozitleri, sirasiyla anilin ve ZnO nanoparcacik ilave edilmi... more Polianilin (PANI) ve PANI/ZnO nanokompozitleri, sirasiyla anilin ve ZnO nanoparcacik ilave edilmis anilinin kimyasal oksidatif polimerizasyonu ile sentezlenmistir. ZnO nanoparcaciklari ark-desarj yontemi ile sentezlenerek PANI/ZnO nanokompozitlerinin hazirlanmasinda kullanilmistir. ZnO nanoparcaciklarinin PANI’nin karakteristigi uzerindeki etkisini incelemek amaciyla Anilin/ZnO nanoparcacik molar orani degistirilmistir. Taramali elektron mikroskopisi analizlerine gore, ZnO nanoparcaciklari PANI matriks icerisinde homojen bir sekilde dagitilmistir. PANI/ZnO nanokompozitlerinin Fourier donusumlu Infrared spektroskopisi ile yapilan incelemelerinde, PANI matriks icerisindeki ZnO nanoparcacik miktari arttikca PANI’ye ait karakteristik bantlarin daha yuksek dalga boylarina kaydigi tespit edilmistir. Ayrica, hazirlanan nanokompozitler ile malahit yesili sulu boya cozeltisinin ultraviole isik etkisi altinda bozunmasi arastirilmistir. Deneysel olarak elde edilen sonuclara gore, malahit yesili sulu cozeltisi icerisine 1,2 g/L PANI/ZnO nanokompozit katalizoru katildiginda 180 dakika sonunda %98’in uzerinde bozunma gerceklestigi bulunmustur.
Conjugated polymers exhibiting adjustable color changes under an electric field have been receivi... more Conjugated polymers exhibiting adjustable color changes under an electric field have been receiving great research interest due to their potential use in electrochromic applications. High-performance electrochromic materials are required to have well-defined donor-acceptor (D-A) units, a low optical bandgap, and fast response time. To fulfill these demands, herein, for the first time, two conducting macromolecules poly-3,8-diaminobenzo[c]cinnoline (P1) and poly-4,7-bis(phenyldiazenyl)benzo[c]cinnoline-3,8-diamine (P2) were successfully fabricated on the ITO substrate via electrochemical polymerization from their corresponding monomers in 0.1 M TBAP/acetonitrile solution. Consequently, two conjugated polymeric films show well-defined azo and amine functional groups, which are responsible for electron-withdrawing and electron-donating, respectively. The optical bandgaps (Eg) of P1 and P2 films were found 1.87 eV and 1.81 eV, respectively. The P1 exhibited a yellowish-brown color in ne...