Haniza Yazid - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Haniza Yazid

International Journal on Robotics Automation and Sciences, Sep 29, 2023

Prostate cancer is a significant health concern, ranking as the third most common cancer in Malay... more Prostate cancer is a significant health concern, ranking as the third most common cancer in Malaysian men, with increasing incidence in Asia. The importance of automating the prostate cancer classification process lies in its potential to significantly improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce subjectivity, and enhance overall efficiency compared to the manual approach. The objective of this thesis is twofold: firstly, to effectively enhance and segment crucial features in the images to aid in the classification process, and secondly, to implement a binary classification task that indicates the presence or absence of malignant tissue on histopathology images. The study compares the performance of two image enhancement approaches, stain normalization with adaptive histogram equalization (AHE) and sharpening, and stain normalization with traditional histogram equalization (HE) and sharpening. Additionally, three machine learning models, namely SVM, DenseNet121, and InceptionResNetV2, are implemented and evaluated for prostate cancer binary classification. The findings reveal that AHE contributes to better contrast enhancement and image quality preservation. Moreover, the InceptionResNetV2 model demonstrates superior performance in terms of accuracy (97.25%), sensitivity (97.5%), specificity (97.5%), and area under the curve (AUC) (97.5%).

Image enhancement is an important topic in image analysis in order to help humans and computer vi... more Image enhancement is an important topic in image analysis in order to help humans and computer vision algorithms to obtain an accuracy information for analysis. The visual quality and certain image properties, such as brightness, contrast, signal to noise ratio, resolution, edge sharpness, and colour accuracy were improved through the enhancement process. In this paper, a comprehensive study of image enhancement based on spatial domain (Homomorphic Filtering) is presented. The improvement and modification of methods were explained systematically. The objective of this work was to study the advantages and drawbacks for each of the method based on a comparison of the results performance. Besides that, this research focuses on various types of applications, emphasizing the importance of contrast enhancement for the improvement of its performance, especially in terms of accuracy and sensitivity. Previous studies were reviewed and critically compared to gain a better understanding of image enhancement. New ideas for further research improvement in image enhancement were proposed.

IOP conference series, Jun 1, 2019

Image enhancement is an important topic in image analysis in order to help humans and computer vi... more Image enhancement is an important topic in image analysis in order to help humans and computer vision algorithms to obtain an accuracy information for analysis. The visual quality and certain image properties, such as brightness, contrast, signal to noise ratio, resolution, edge sharpness, and colour accuracy were improved through the enhancement process. The goal of image enhancement is to improve the quality of an image to become more suitable for a particular application. Till today, numerous image enhancement methods have been proposed for various applications and efforts have been directed to further increase the quality of the enhancement results and minimize the computational complexity and memory usage. In this paper, an image enhancement method based on Discrete Cosine Transforms (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) was studied. This paper presents an exhaustive review of these studies and suggests a direction for future developments of image enhancement methods. Each method shows the owned advantages and drawbacks. In future, this work will give the direction to other researchers in order to propose new advanced enhancement techniques.

Patients with diabetes need annual screening to circumvent vision loss which may lead to blindnes... more Patients with diabetes need annual screening to circumvent vision loss which may lead to blindness. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic complication that causes structural changes in the retina. Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is a common, usually mild form of retinopathy that generally does not interfere with vision. However, the diabetic retinopathy can progress from non-proliferative to proliferative retinopathy (PDR) if left untreated. To prevent this situation, the automatic computer system is introduced to identify the early stages of DR. There are a lot of studies and research of DR but yet to achieve the accurate result. In order to achieve the target, numerous image segmentation methods were used for comparison performance. In this paper, three datasets namely of DRIVE, E-Optha and Messidor were used as input images. There are three methods from thresholding-based category were used in order to identify the microaneurysms (MAs) and the blood vessel. For DRIVE database, Otsu obtained an accuracy of 92.09%, 93.38% in sensitivity followed by specificity of 64.82%. While Entropy method obtained an accuracy of 92.03%, 94.65% in term of sensitivity followed by 62.38% in specificity. For Fuzzy C Mean (FCM) the accuracy was 92.42%, 94.46% in term of sensitivity and 63.09% in specificity.

Applied Mechanics and Materials, Apr 1, 2015

In this paper, a simple yet robust algorithm for texture identification using 1 Dimensional Discr... more In this paper, a simple yet robust algorithm for texture identification using 1 Dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform (1-D DFT) and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is presented with illumination variations. In the first stage, several image processing techniques namely Fuzzy C means (FCM) clustering, edge detection, Otsu thresholding and inverse surface thresholding method are utilized to locate the region of interest (ROI) where defects might exist. Next, the image undergoes the feature extraction process using 1-D DFT and finally, the features are classified using DTW. Several defect images consist of 2 types of defect namely the porosity and crack are experimented and classified using the DTW.

Early detection of a lesion in the retinal image is becoming very important in order to reduce hu... more Early detection of a lesion in the retinal image is becoming very important in order to reduce human misclassification for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) detection and also helping the ophthalmologists to reduce their burden. In DR, the earliest lesion presents in the retinal image is the microaneurysms (MAs). In this paper, the main goal is to propose the best pre-processing combination method to enhance the retinal image. In this work, seven pre-processing steps were combined and presented in pre-processing stage. Two dataset namely Messidor and E-optha were used as the input image. The image within the dataset were divided into two classes namely, dark image and bright image. Based on the result, the best value of power law function is set to 0.7 for the dark image and 0.9 for the bright image followed by the log transformation as the final method in the pre-processing stage.

Microaneurysms (MAs) are the earliest clinical sign of Diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is known as ... more Microaneurysms (MAs) are the earliest clinical sign of Diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is known as microvascular complication of diabetes due to the damage of blood vessel (RBVs) in human retina. In extreme cases, DR may cause visual impairment such as temporary or permanent vision loss if untreated at the early stage. The detection of MAs can be done by processing the retinal images of DR patients captured by digital fundus photography. However, some of the retinal images have low image quality due to some imperfections such as low contrast, illumination and noises issues. Thus, some of the formation of MAs in retinal images is in visibly poor contrast regions, affecting the visual appearance of MAs. This study aims to enhance the quality of colour fundus retinal images for better detection of MAs. The Morphological Enhancement (ME) by combination of top and bottom hat was proposed in this study. The proposed method was compared with other existing method such as Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) and Contrast Adjustment Method (CA). The performance was evaluated using Image Quality Assessment (IQA) e.g. Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM). The ME method achieved 36.67, 17.56 and 0.93 for the MSE, PSNR and SSIM respectively.

Springer eBooks, Jul 29, 2008

Resumen-La Transformada Watershed, T.W., es una herramienta morfológica poderosa que permite la s... more Resumen-La Transformada Watershed, T.W., es una herramienta morfológica poderosa que permite la segmentación de estructuras complejas que no pueden ser procesadas mediante otros métodos convencionales de procesamiento digital de imágenes. El éxito de esta transformada depende de la elección de marcadores unívocos para cada uno de objetos de interés que eviten la sobresegmentación que presentan las imágenes de alto contenido de textura. La obtención de marcadores de objetos de gran variabilidad de textura, forma y tamaño requiere un planteamiento complejo y altamente dependiente de cada aplicación en particular. El presente trabajo propone un sistema de inferencia basado en lógica difusa (tipo Mamdani) para la identificación automática de los marcadores para la T.W. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el método propuesto, además de simple y robusto, es fácilmente adaptable a las características particulares de cada imagen. Palabras clave-Lógica difusa, Marcadores, Segmentación de imágenes, transformada Watershed.

Spinal deformity refers to a range of disorders that are defined by anomalous curvature of the sp... more Spinal deformity refers to a range of disorders that are defined by anomalous curvature of the spine and may be classified as scoliosis, lordosis, or kyphosis. Among these, scoliosis stands out as the most common type of spinal deformity in human beings, and it can be distinguished by abnormal lateral spine curvature accompanied by axial rotation. Accurate identification of spinal deformity is crucial for a person's diagnosis, and numerous assessment methods have been developed by researchers. Therefore, the present study aims to systematically review recent works on spinal deformity as-assessment for scoliosis diagnosis, utilizing image processing techniques. To gather relevant studies, a search strategy was conducted on three electronic databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed) between 2012 and 2022, using specific keywords and focusing on scoliosis cases. A total of 17 papers fully satisfied the established criteria and were extensively evaluated. Despite variations in me...

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Over the year, contact lens detection has attracted attention and interest from many researchers ... more Over the year, contact lens detection has attracted attention and interest from many researchers to study further in this field of inspection. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature surrounding contact lens inspection methods. In this paper, contact lens-related, defects-related, and inspection methods related are described in detail. To detect contact lenses in a single image and also multi-image, numerous techniques have been developed and this paper is aimed at classifying and evaluating these algorithms. Also, contact lens inspection based on conventional and artificial intelligence methods will be discussed in detail. The industrial production process of contact lenses probably needs to be constructed with advanced tools based on recent technologies so that they can help in the inspection system to achieve accurate results of the inspection and reduce processing time.

JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO

This paper aims to design a semi-circular patch microstrip antenna that can work at a frequency o... more This paper aims to design a semi-circular patch microstrip antenna that can work at a frequency of 2.4 GHz (band 2360 MHz - 2400 MHz) to support Wireless Body Area Network technology (WBAN). One of the devices connected to WBAN technology is a Holter monitor and medical data recorder that forms a medical network for post-operative or monitoring ICU patients (Intensive Care Unit). To support one of the WBAN technologies, an antenna is needed that has considerable gain and bandwidth characteristics. To increase the gain and bandwidth, the array method is used on antennas with inset feed unification. The antenna design was simulated using CST Studio Suite 2019. The use of array methods on microstrip antennas can increase the gain by 132.9%, which is 5.73 dB. The simulation results obtained a return loss of -17.223 dB with a bandwidth of 88.3 MHz in the frequency range of 2357.6 MHz - 2445.9 MHz

2022 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Speech Technology (AIST)

Journal of Healthcare Engineering, Oct 12, 2022

is study aims to investigate the gait stability response during incline and decline walking for v... more is study aims to investigate the gait stability response during incline and decline walking for various surface inclination angles in terms of the required coe cient of friction (RCOF), postural stability index (PSI), and center of pressure (COP)-center of mass (COM) distance. A customized platform with di erent surface inclinations (0°, 5°, 7.5°, and 10°) was designed. Twenty-three male volunteers participated by walking on an inclined platform for each inclination. e process was then repeated for declined platform as well. Qualysis motion capture system was used to capture and collect the trajectories motion of ten re ective markers that attached to the subjects before being exported to a visual three-dimensional (3D) software and executed in Matlab to obtain the RCOF, PSI, as well as dynamic PSI (DPSI) and COP-COM distance parameters. According to the result for incline walking, during initial contact, the RCOF was not a ected to inclination. However, it was a ected during peak ground reaction force (GRF) starting at 7.5°towards 10°for both walking conditions. e most a ected PSI was found at anterior-posterior PSI (APSI) even as low as 5°inclination during both incline and decline walking. On the other hand, DPSI was not a ected during both walking conditions. Furthermore, COP-COM distance was most a ected during decline walking in anterior-posterior direction. e ndings of this research indicate that in order to decrease the risk of falling and manage the inclination demand, a suitable walking strategy and improved safety measures should be applied during slope walking, particularly for decline and anterior-posterior orientations. is study also provides additional understanding on the best incline walking technique for secure and practical incline locomotion.

Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, May 30, 2018

Rice diseases have caused a major production and economic losses in the agricultural industry. To... more Rice diseases have caused a major production and economic losses in the agricultural industry. To control and minimise the impacts of the attacks, the diseases need to be identified in the early stage. Early detection for estimation of severity effect or incidence of diseases can save the production from quantitative and qualitative losses, reduce the use of pesticide, and increase country's economic growth. This paper describes an integrated method for detection of diseases on leaves called Rice Leaf Blast (RLB) using image processing technique. It includes the image pre-processing, image segmentation and image analysis where Hue Saturation Value (HSV) colour space is used. To extract the region of interest, image segmentation (the most critical task in image processing) is applied, and pattern recognition based on Multi-Level Thresholding approach is proposed. As a result, the severity of RLB disease is classified into three categories such as infection stage, spreading stage and worst stage.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021

Visual defects detection is one of the main problems in the post-harvest processing caused a majo... more Visual defects detection is one of the main problems in the post-harvest processing caused a major production and economic losses in agricultural industry. Manual fruits detection become easy when it is done in small amount, but the result is not consistent which will generate issue in fruit grading. A new fruit quality assessment system is necessary in order to increase the accuracy of classification, more consistencies, efficient and cost effective that would enable the industry to grow accordingly. In this paper, a method based on colour feature extraction for the quality assessment of Harumanis mango is proposed and experimentally validated. This method, including image background removal, defects segmentation and recognition and finally quality classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM) was developed. The results show that the experimental hardware system is practical and feasible, and that the proposed algorithm of defects detection is effective.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020

Visual appearance is the main source of information that can be used for quality assessment of ma... more Visual appearance is the main source of information that can be used for quality assessment of mango. In this study, a non-destructive ripeness level estimation for mango of the cultivar Harumanis based on digital image analysis was employed. The changing peel and flesh colour of mango is strongly correlated to ripeness that can be measured as a sensual quality parameter. This measurement of ripeness level has been determined by image analysis technique which needs to attribute external and internal colour feature from image segmentation Multilevel thresholding technique is proposed for colour image segmentation to extract the mango region from the background which every channel of five colour spaces have been applied. Colour analysis technique and Total soluble solids (TSS) is used to compare and evaluate for the prediction. The optimal results were obtained that a* channel from L*a*b colour space has given more logical and better performance of prediction which is more than 92% ac...

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021

In this paper, an image SR reconstruction scheme by using k-Singular Value Decomposition (k-SVD) ... more In this paper, an image SR reconstruction scheme by using k-Singular Value Decomposition (k-SVD) with Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) as sparse coding method was proposed to obtain the High-Resolution (HR) image. The system conducted in this paper consists of two parts: image SR reconstruction algorithm and also the backprojection process. Since this paper is focused on analysing the effect of parameters in backprojection on the performance of final images produced at the end of the process, therefore, the flow of backprojection is discussed. Generally, the backprojection algorithm is added to the approach to improve the image quality by sharpening the edges of the HR image. However, the parameters used in backprojection could be the factor that caused decrease in the image quality. Thus, the main idea of this paper is to analyse these parameters throughout the flow of backprojection algorithm. The parameters include the predefined 2D filter and interpolation method. Based on the ...

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021

Thresholding is one of the powerful methods in segmentation phase. Numerous methods were proposed... more Thresholding is one of the powerful methods in segmentation phase. Numerous methods were proposed to segment the foreground from the background but there is limited number of studies that analyse the effect of noise since the present of noise will affect the performance of the thresholding method. In this paper, the main idea is to analyse the effect of noise in Inverse Surface Adaptive Thresholding (ISAT) method. ISAT method is known as an excellent method to segment the image with the present of noise. The result of this analysis can be a guideline to researcher when implementing ISAT method especially in medical image diagnosis. Initially, several images with different noise variations were prepared and underwent ISAT method. In ISAT method, several image processing methods were incorporated namely edge detection, Otsu thresholding and inverse surface construction. The resulting images were evaluated using Misclassification Error (ME) to evaluate the performance of the segmentati...

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021

Synthetic data by various algorithms that resemble actual data in terms of statistical features. ... more Synthetic data by various algorithms that resemble actual data in terms of statistical features. Computer-aided medical applications have been extensively applied to model specific scenarios, such as medical imaging of retinal images for diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection. The available data and annotated medical data are typically rare and costly due to the difficulties of conducting medical screening and rely on highly trained doctors to review and diagnose. The modelling of retinal images for DR analysis is essential since it will provide a model to guide and test DR detection algorithms. This paper aims to model normal retina and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) stages (mild, moderate, and severe) data models with the variation of dynamic models. The Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction (DRIVE), The Standard Diabetic Retinopathy Database, Calibration Level 1 (DIARETDB1), and E-OPHTHA datasets are analyzed to obtain the specification of the human retina and ...

Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2018

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is the bone fragility disorder that leads to long bone bowing. Finit... more Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is the bone fragility disorder that leads to long bone bowing. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has become the tool of choice to assess behaviour structural within bones. Currently, the FEA performed on the tibia is based on the bone constructed without considering different components of the bone, where the bone was created as a single material. In an attempt to further investigate the bone with OI, the present study was conducted to investigate the mechanical stress distribution using finite element model of the OI affected tibia. The model was reconstructed from the CT images composed of cortical and cancellous bones obtained from Osirix database. The segmentation of the cortical and cancellous of the tibia was performed on 346 images using two different methods which are global thresholding and the selection of the binary object. The segmented images were used to develop a three-dimensional model of the tibia using VOXELCON software. The boundary condit...

International Journal on Robotics Automation and Sciences, Sep 29, 2023

Prostate cancer is a significant health concern, ranking as the third most common cancer in Malay... more Prostate cancer is a significant health concern, ranking as the third most common cancer in Malaysian men, with increasing incidence in Asia. The importance of automating the prostate cancer classification process lies in its potential to significantly improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce subjectivity, and enhance overall efficiency compared to the manual approach. The objective of this thesis is twofold: firstly, to effectively enhance and segment crucial features in the images to aid in the classification process, and secondly, to implement a binary classification task that indicates the presence or absence of malignant tissue on histopathology images. The study compares the performance of two image enhancement approaches, stain normalization with adaptive histogram equalization (AHE) and sharpening, and stain normalization with traditional histogram equalization (HE) and sharpening. Additionally, three machine learning models, namely SVM, DenseNet121, and InceptionResNetV2, are implemented and evaluated for prostate cancer binary classification. The findings reveal that AHE contributes to better contrast enhancement and image quality preservation. Moreover, the InceptionResNetV2 model demonstrates superior performance in terms of accuracy (97.25%), sensitivity (97.5%), specificity (97.5%), and area under the curve (AUC) (97.5%).

Image enhancement is an important topic in image analysis in order to help humans and computer vi... more Image enhancement is an important topic in image analysis in order to help humans and computer vision algorithms to obtain an accuracy information for analysis. The visual quality and certain image properties, such as brightness, contrast, signal to noise ratio, resolution, edge sharpness, and colour accuracy were improved through the enhancement process. In this paper, a comprehensive study of image enhancement based on spatial domain (Homomorphic Filtering) is presented. The improvement and modification of methods were explained systematically. The objective of this work was to study the advantages and drawbacks for each of the method based on a comparison of the results performance. Besides that, this research focuses on various types of applications, emphasizing the importance of contrast enhancement for the improvement of its performance, especially in terms of accuracy and sensitivity. Previous studies were reviewed and critically compared to gain a better understanding of image enhancement. New ideas for further research improvement in image enhancement were proposed.

IOP conference series, Jun 1, 2019

Image enhancement is an important topic in image analysis in order to help humans and computer vi... more Image enhancement is an important topic in image analysis in order to help humans and computer vision algorithms to obtain an accuracy information for analysis. The visual quality and certain image properties, such as brightness, contrast, signal to noise ratio, resolution, edge sharpness, and colour accuracy were improved through the enhancement process. The goal of image enhancement is to improve the quality of an image to become more suitable for a particular application. Till today, numerous image enhancement methods have been proposed for various applications and efforts have been directed to further increase the quality of the enhancement results and minimize the computational complexity and memory usage. In this paper, an image enhancement method based on Discrete Cosine Transforms (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) was studied. This paper presents an exhaustive review of these studies and suggests a direction for future developments of image enhancement methods. Each method shows the owned advantages and drawbacks. In future, this work will give the direction to other researchers in order to propose new advanced enhancement techniques.

Patients with diabetes need annual screening to circumvent vision loss which may lead to blindnes... more Patients with diabetes need annual screening to circumvent vision loss which may lead to blindness. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic complication that causes structural changes in the retina. Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is a common, usually mild form of retinopathy that generally does not interfere with vision. However, the diabetic retinopathy can progress from non-proliferative to proliferative retinopathy (PDR) if left untreated. To prevent this situation, the automatic computer system is introduced to identify the early stages of DR. There are a lot of studies and research of DR but yet to achieve the accurate result. In order to achieve the target, numerous image segmentation methods were used for comparison performance. In this paper, three datasets namely of DRIVE, E-Optha and Messidor were used as input images. There are three methods from thresholding-based category were used in order to identify the microaneurysms (MAs) and the blood vessel. For DRIVE database, Otsu obtained an accuracy of 92.09%, 93.38% in sensitivity followed by specificity of 64.82%. While Entropy method obtained an accuracy of 92.03%, 94.65% in term of sensitivity followed by 62.38% in specificity. For Fuzzy C Mean (FCM) the accuracy was 92.42%, 94.46% in term of sensitivity and 63.09% in specificity.

Applied Mechanics and Materials, Apr 1, 2015

In this paper, a simple yet robust algorithm for texture identification using 1 Dimensional Discr... more In this paper, a simple yet robust algorithm for texture identification using 1 Dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform (1-D DFT) and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is presented with illumination variations. In the first stage, several image processing techniques namely Fuzzy C means (FCM) clustering, edge detection, Otsu thresholding and inverse surface thresholding method are utilized to locate the region of interest (ROI) where defects might exist. Next, the image undergoes the feature extraction process using 1-D DFT and finally, the features are classified using DTW. Several defect images consist of 2 types of defect namely the porosity and crack are experimented and classified using the DTW.

Early detection of a lesion in the retinal image is becoming very important in order to reduce hu... more Early detection of a lesion in the retinal image is becoming very important in order to reduce human misclassification for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) detection and also helping the ophthalmologists to reduce their burden. In DR, the earliest lesion presents in the retinal image is the microaneurysms (MAs). In this paper, the main goal is to propose the best pre-processing combination method to enhance the retinal image. In this work, seven pre-processing steps were combined and presented in pre-processing stage. Two dataset namely Messidor and E-optha were used as the input image. The image within the dataset were divided into two classes namely, dark image and bright image. Based on the result, the best value of power law function is set to 0.7 for the dark image and 0.9 for the bright image followed by the log transformation as the final method in the pre-processing stage.

Microaneurysms (MAs) are the earliest clinical sign of Diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is known as ... more Microaneurysms (MAs) are the earliest clinical sign of Diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is known as microvascular complication of diabetes due to the damage of blood vessel (RBVs) in human retina. In extreme cases, DR may cause visual impairment such as temporary or permanent vision loss if untreated at the early stage. The detection of MAs can be done by processing the retinal images of DR patients captured by digital fundus photography. However, some of the retinal images have low image quality due to some imperfections such as low contrast, illumination and noises issues. Thus, some of the formation of MAs in retinal images is in visibly poor contrast regions, affecting the visual appearance of MAs. This study aims to enhance the quality of colour fundus retinal images for better detection of MAs. The Morphological Enhancement (ME) by combination of top and bottom hat was proposed in this study. The proposed method was compared with other existing method such as Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) and Contrast Adjustment Method (CA). The performance was evaluated using Image Quality Assessment (IQA) e.g. Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM). The ME method achieved 36.67, 17.56 and 0.93 for the MSE, PSNR and SSIM respectively.

Springer eBooks, Jul 29, 2008

Resumen-La Transformada Watershed, T.W., es una herramienta morfológica poderosa que permite la s... more Resumen-La Transformada Watershed, T.W., es una herramienta morfológica poderosa que permite la segmentación de estructuras complejas que no pueden ser procesadas mediante otros métodos convencionales de procesamiento digital de imágenes. El éxito de esta transformada depende de la elección de marcadores unívocos para cada uno de objetos de interés que eviten la sobresegmentación que presentan las imágenes de alto contenido de textura. La obtención de marcadores de objetos de gran variabilidad de textura, forma y tamaño requiere un planteamiento complejo y altamente dependiente de cada aplicación en particular. El presente trabajo propone un sistema de inferencia basado en lógica difusa (tipo Mamdani) para la identificación automática de los marcadores para la T.W. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el método propuesto, además de simple y robusto, es fácilmente adaptable a las características particulares de cada imagen. Palabras clave-Lógica difusa, Marcadores, Segmentación de imágenes, transformada Watershed.

Spinal deformity refers to a range of disorders that are defined by anomalous curvature of the sp... more Spinal deformity refers to a range of disorders that are defined by anomalous curvature of the spine and may be classified as scoliosis, lordosis, or kyphosis. Among these, scoliosis stands out as the most common type of spinal deformity in human beings, and it can be distinguished by abnormal lateral spine curvature accompanied by axial rotation. Accurate identification of spinal deformity is crucial for a person's diagnosis, and numerous assessment methods have been developed by researchers. Therefore, the present study aims to systematically review recent works on spinal deformity as-assessment for scoliosis diagnosis, utilizing image processing techniques. To gather relevant studies, a search strategy was conducted on three electronic databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed) between 2012 and 2022, using specific keywords and focusing on scoliosis cases. A total of 17 papers fully satisfied the established criteria and were extensively evaluated. Despite variations in me...

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Over the year, contact lens detection has attracted attention and interest from many researchers ... more Over the year, contact lens detection has attracted attention and interest from many researchers to study further in this field of inspection. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature surrounding contact lens inspection methods. In this paper, contact lens-related, defects-related, and inspection methods related are described in detail. To detect contact lenses in a single image and also multi-image, numerous techniques have been developed and this paper is aimed at classifying and evaluating these algorithms. Also, contact lens inspection based on conventional and artificial intelligence methods will be discussed in detail. The industrial production process of contact lenses probably needs to be constructed with advanced tools based on recent technologies so that they can help in the inspection system to achieve accurate results of the inspection and reduce processing time.

JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO

This paper aims to design a semi-circular patch microstrip antenna that can work at a frequency o... more This paper aims to design a semi-circular patch microstrip antenna that can work at a frequency of 2.4 GHz (band 2360 MHz - 2400 MHz) to support Wireless Body Area Network technology (WBAN). One of the devices connected to WBAN technology is a Holter monitor and medical data recorder that forms a medical network for post-operative or monitoring ICU patients (Intensive Care Unit). To support one of the WBAN technologies, an antenna is needed that has considerable gain and bandwidth characteristics. To increase the gain and bandwidth, the array method is used on antennas with inset feed unification. The antenna design was simulated using CST Studio Suite 2019. The use of array methods on microstrip antennas can increase the gain by 132.9%, which is 5.73 dB. The simulation results obtained a return loss of -17.223 dB with a bandwidth of 88.3 MHz in the frequency range of 2357.6 MHz - 2445.9 MHz

2022 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Speech Technology (AIST)

Journal of Healthcare Engineering, Oct 12, 2022

is study aims to investigate the gait stability response during incline and decline walking for v... more is study aims to investigate the gait stability response during incline and decline walking for various surface inclination angles in terms of the required coe cient of friction (RCOF), postural stability index (PSI), and center of pressure (COP)-center of mass (COM) distance. A customized platform with di erent surface inclinations (0°, 5°, 7.5°, and 10°) was designed. Twenty-three male volunteers participated by walking on an inclined platform for each inclination. e process was then repeated for declined platform as well. Qualysis motion capture system was used to capture and collect the trajectories motion of ten re ective markers that attached to the subjects before being exported to a visual three-dimensional (3D) software and executed in Matlab to obtain the RCOF, PSI, as well as dynamic PSI (DPSI) and COP-COM distance parameters. According to the result for incline walking, during initial contact, the RCOF was not a ected to inclination. However, it was a ected during peak ground reaction force (GRF) starting at 7.5°towards 10°for both walking conditions. e most a ected PSI was found at anterior-posterior PSI (APSI) even as low as 5°inclination during both incline and decline walking. On the other hand, DPSI was not a ected during both walking conditions. Furthermore, COP-COM distance was most a ected during decline walking in anterior-posterior direction. e ndings of this research indicate that in order to decrease the risk of falling and manage the inclination demand, a suitable walking strategy and improved safety measures should be applied during slope walking, particularly for decline and anterior-posterior orientations. is study also provides additional understanding on the best incline walking technique for secure and practical incline locomotion.

Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, May 30, 2018

Rice diseases have caused a major production and economic losses in the agricultural industry. To... more Rice diseases have caused a major production and economic losses in the agricultural industry. To control and minimise the impacts of the attacks, the diseases need to be identified in the early stage. Early detection for estimation of severity effect or incidence of diseases can save the production from quantitative and qualitative losses, reduce the use of pesticide, and increase country's economic growth. This paper describes an integrated method for detection of diseases on leaves called Rice Leaf Blast (RLB) using image processing technique. It includes the image pre-processing, image segmentation and image analysis where Hue Saturation Value (HSV) colour space is used. To extract the region of interest, image segmentation (the most critical task in image processing) is applied, and pattern recognition based on Multi-Level Thresholding approach is proposed. As a result, the severity of RLB disease is classified into three categories such as infection stage, spreading stage and worst stage.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021

Visual defects detection is one of the main problems in the post-harvest processing caused a majo... more Visual defects detection is one of the main problems in the post-harvest processing caused a major production and economic losses in agricultural industry. Manual fruits detection become easy when it is done in small amount, but the result is not consistent which will generate issue in fruit grading. A new fruit quality assessment system is necessary in order to increase the accuracy of classification, more consistencies, efficient and cost effective that would enable the industry to grow accordingly. In this paper, a method based on colour feature extraction for the quality assessment of Harumanis mango is proposed and experimentally validated. This method, including image background removal, defects segmentation and recognition and finally quality classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM) was developed. The results show that the experimental hardware system is practical and feasible, and that the proposed algorithm of defects detection is effective.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020

Visual appearance is the main source of information that can be used for quality assessment of ma... more Visual appearance is the main source of information that can be used for quality assessment of mango. In this study, a non-destructive ripeness level estimation for mango of the cultivar Harumanis based on digital image analysis was employed. The changing peel and flesh colour of mango is strongly correlated to ripeness that can be measured as a sensual quality parameter. This measurement of ripeness level has been determined by image analysis technique which needs to attribute external and internal colour feature from image segmentation Multilevel thresholding technique is proposed for colour image segmentation to extract the mango region from the background which every channel of five colour spaces have been applied. Colour analysis technique and Total soluble solids (TSS) is used to compare and evaluate for the prediction. The optimal results were obtained that a* channel from L*a*b colour space has given more logical and better performance of prediction which is more than 92% ac...

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021

In this paper, an image SR reconstruction scheme by using k-Singular Value Decomposition (k-SVD) ... more In this paper, an image SR reconstruction scheme by using k-Singular Value Decomposition (k-SVD) with Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) as sparse coding method was proposed to obtain the High-Resolution (HR) image. The system conducted in this paper consists of two parts: image SR reconstruction algorithm and also the backprojection process. Since this paper is focused on analysing the effect of parameters in backprojection on the performance of final images produced at the end of the process, therefore, the flow of backprojection is discussed. Generally, the backprojection algorithm is added to the approach to improve the image quality by sharpening the edges of the HR image. However, the parameters used in backprojection could be the factor that caused decrease in the image quality. Thus, the main idea of this paper is to analyse these parameters throughout the flow of backprojection algorithm. The parameters include the predefined 2D filter and interpolation method. Based on the ...

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021

Thresholding is one of the powerful methods in segmentation phase. Numerous methods were proposed... more Thresholding is one of the powerful methods in segmentation phase. Numerous methods were proposed to segment the foreground from the background but there is limited number of studies that analyse the effect of noise since the present of noise will affect the performance of the thresholding method. In this paper, the main idea is to analyse the effect of noise in Inverse Surface Adaptive Thresholding (ISAT) method. ISAT method is known as an excellent method to segment the image with the present of noise. The result of this analysis can be a guideline to researcher when implementing ISAT method especially in medical image diagnosis. Initially, several images with different noise variations were prepared and underwent ISAT method. In ISAT method, several image processing methods were incorporated namely edge detection, Otsu thresholding and inverse surface construction. The resulting images were evaluated using Misclassification Error (ME) to evaluate the performance of the segmentati...

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021

Synthetic data by various algorithms that resemble actual data in terms of statistical features. ... more Synthetic data by various algorithms that resemble actual data in terms of statistical features. Computer-aided medical applications have been extensively applied to model specific scenarios, such as medical imaging of retinal images for diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection. The available data and annotated medical data are typically rare and costly due to the difficulties of conducting medical screening and rely on highly trained doctors to review and diagnose. The modelling of retinal images for DR analysis is essential since it will provide a model to guide and test DR detection algorithms. This paper aims to model normal retina and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) stages (mild, moderate, and severe) data models with the variation of dynamic models. The Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction (DRIVE), The Standard Diabetic Retinopathy Database, Calibration Level 1 (DIARETDB1), and E-OPHTHA datasets are analyzed to obtain the specification of the human retina and ...

Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2018

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is the bone fragility disorder that leads to long bone bowing. Finit... more Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is the bone fragility disorder that leads to long bone bowing. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has become the tool of choice to assess behaviour structural within bones. Currently, the FEA performed on the tibia is based on the bone constructed without considering different components of the bone, where the bone was created as a single material. In an attempt to further investigate the bone with OI, the present study was conducted to investigate the mechanical stress distribution using finite element model of the OI affected tibia. The model was reconstructed from the CT images composed of cortical and cancellous bones obtained from Osirix database. The segmentation of the cortical and cancellous of the tibia was performed on 346 images using two different methods which are global thresholding and the selection of the binary object. The segmented images were used to develop a three-dimensional model of the tibia using VOXELCON software. The boundary condit...