Hannu Hausen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hannu Hausen

Research paper thumbnail of The role of sugar, xylitol, toothbrushing frequency, and use of fluoride toothpaste in maintenance of adults’ dental health: findings from the Finnish National Health 2000 Survey

European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Changes in children’s oral health-related behavior, knowledge and attitudes during a 3.4-yr randomized clinical trial and oral health-promotion program

European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2009

Change is a process that unfolds over time and progresses through different stages (1). Even thou... more Change is a process that unfolds over time and progresses through different stages (1). Even though several theoretical models of changing behaviors have been developed, their translation into a practical solution that actually works is a challenge (2). The results of various studies with different designs and implementations aiming to improve childrenÕs oral health-related behavior, knowledge, and attitudes indicate, in general, that knowledge can be improved and attitudes changed, but also that changing behaviors is more difficult (3). Education and motivation are not enough to achieve longterm changes (4). Behaviors are adopted when children are very young and these behaviors usually originate from home and from the surrounding environment (5-7). To change behaviors already established, children need to obtain knowledge from different sources and social support from their parents, peers, and other people in their daily environment .

Research paper thumbnail of Oral health impacts among adults in Finland: competing effects of age, number of teeth, and removable dentures

European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Sense of coherence as a determinant of the oral health-related quality of life: a national study in Finnish adults

European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2005

Antonovsky's general theory of salutogenesis is the key determinant of achieving and maintaining ... more Antonovsky's general theory of salutogenesis is the key determinant of achieving and maintaining good somatic health (1). The theory seeks to explain health-promoting factors as distinct from the factors that increase the risk of specific diseases. The theory's central construct is the sense of coherence (SOC), which seeks to explain the relationship between stressors and both subjective and objective evaluations of health. An individual with a strong SOC has the ability to define life events as less stressful (comprehensibility), to mobilize resources to deal with encountered stressors (manageability), and possesses the motivation, desire and commitment to cope (meaningfulness). The level of SOC that an individual achieves is developed before the age of 30 and remains relatively stable thereafter (1).

Research paper thumbnail of Post-trial costs, clinical outcomes, and dental service utilization after a randomized clinical trial for caries control among Finnish adolescents

European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Dental health of 9-10-year-old mentally retarded children in Eastern Finland

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 1982

All 9-10-year-old children in one Finnish county were screened with a standardized set of tasks f... more All 9-10-year-old children in one Finnish county were screened with a standardized set of tasks for their mental performance. 58 verified mentally retarded and 58 randomly selected healthy children were examined for dental and gingival status and level of oral hygiene. Comparisons were made between the retarded and the healthy, as well as between subgroups of the retarded. Similar DFS-values, higher DS-values and an inferior level of oral hygiene in terms of VPI were found in mentally retarded when compared with healthy children. No evident difference was found in gingival status (by GBI) between the retarded and the healthy. The mildly or moderately retarded found by the screening and not yet included in special welfare had the highest DFS-scores, the highest prevalence of untreated caries and the poorest gingival health among the retarded.

Research paper thumbnail of Children’s oral health-related behaviors: individual stability and stage transitions

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2010

Various interventions with different designs and implementations have been tried with the aim of ... more Various interventions with different designs and implementations have been tried with the aim of improving children's oral health-related behavior, knowledge, and attitudes. The results of most of these studies indicate that knowledge can be improved and attitudes changed, but changing behaviors is more difficult (1) because education and motivation are not enough to achieve longterm changes (2). There is no evidence that information or improvement in knowledge or attitudes alone would lead to health benefits (1, 3, 4). Similar (good or poor) health-and oral health-related behaviors, such as irregular toothbrushing and frequent consumption of sweets, cluster (5-12). Similar clustering has been observed in health-and oral health-related knowledge and attitudes . To improve behaviors, children need to receive social support from their parents, peers, and others in their daily environment (1, 13-17). According to present knowledge, change is a process that unfolds over time and progresses through different stages . Behaviors tend to be stable but when an attempt is made to improve them, temporary improvements and lapses occur before the final pattern of behavior is established.

Research paper thumbnail of Past caries recordings made in Public Dental Clinics as predictors of caries prevalence in early adolescence

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 1989

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the power of past caries experience in primary and p... more The aim of the present study was to evaluate the power of past caries experience in primary and permanent dentition in predicting caries prevalence at the age of 13 yr. Clinical and radiographical examination was performed in 512 13-yr-olds by a trained research team. The 6-12-yr dmfs and DMFS values were obtained from the Public Dental Care records. For evaluating the accuracy of predictions, the children were cross-classified according to each past caries score and the 13-yr score. The cutting points were selected to that the children in the upper quartile of caries experience formed the predicted and true high caries groups, leaving about 75% in the low caries groups. Pearson correlations were also calculated. Sensitivity and specificity of caries in primary teeth (6 yr) were 57% and 85%, respectively. For permanent dentition, sensitivity was the lowest (28%) at the age of 6, reached 68% at the age of 9 and remained at that level until age 12. Specificity decreased from 92% (6 yr) to 85% (9 yr) and then steadily increased to 93% (12 yr). Correlation increased with age from 0.37 to 0.82. When screening for high caries increment in young children, caries in primary dentition seems a better screening criterion than caries in permanent first molars. When the aim is to identify those subjects with high caries increment later on, screening at age 9 seems as accurate as that done later.

Research paper thumbnail of Application of the high-risk strategy to control dental caries

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2000

strategy to control dental caries Hausen H, Kärkkäinen S, Seppä L: Application of the high-risk s... more strategy to control dental caries Hausen H, Kärkkäinen S, Seppä L: Application of the high-risk strategy to control dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2000; 28: 26-34. C Munksgaard, 2000 Abstract -Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether a child population with low overall caries frequency benefits when prevention is targeted to high-risk individuals. Methods: Data from clinical examinations and salivary tests were used to assess caries risk in 12-year-olds (nΩ1465). Children who were regarded as being at high risk of developing caries were randomized into two groups. Half (HRI group) were offered intensive prevention (counseling, F-varnish applications, F-lozenges, sealants, chlorhexidine), and the other half (HRB group) were provided the same basic prevention given to low-risk children (counseling, one F-varnish application/year). A random sample of the low-risk children (LRB) was followed up for the same 3-year period as the high-risk children. The number of children completing the study was 216 in the LRB group, 199 in the HRI group and 174 in the HRB group. Results: The mean (SD) 3-year Key words: dental caries; high-risk strategy; DMFS increment was 2.0 (2.4), 4.4 (4.7) and 5.1 (5.0) in the LRB, HRI and HRB prevention; randomized clinical trial groups, respectively. Comparison between the LRB and HRB groups revealed that Hannu Hausen, University of Oulu, Institute risk assessment was fairly successful in terms of mean DMFS increment. Howof Dentistry, P.O. Box 5281, FIN-90401 Oulu, ever, 63% of the children in the LRB group developed at least one new lesion (max. Finland 12). Conclusions: The negligible difference between the HRI and HRB groups im-Tel: π358 8 537 5582 Fax: π358 8 537 5560

Research paper thumbnail of Caries in permanent dentition and social class of children participating in public dental care in fluoridated and nonfluoridated areas

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 1981

Garics in permanent denlition and soeial elass of ehiidien partieipating in public dental eare in... more Garics in permanent denlition and soeial elass of ehiidien partieipating in public dental eare in lluoridaled and nonfiuoridaled areas. C'ommiinity f3enl. Oral Epidemiol. 1981: 9: 289-291.

Research paper thumbnail of Parental influence on children's oral health-related behavior

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2006

The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences between oral health-related ... more The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences between oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of children and their parents, and to identify the family-related factors associated with children's poor or good oral health-related behavior. The data were gathered by means of questionnaires from 11-12-year-old schoolchildren and their parents who replied without having knowledge of the answers of the others. Differences between subgroups of children were analyzed by cross-tabulation, and the factors related to children's good or poor oral health-related behavior by logistic regression analyses. Parents of children who reported good oral health-related behavior had better knowledge and more favorable behaviors than those of other parents. Predictors for a child's poor oral health-related behavior were the child's poor knowledge, male gender, the parent's frequent consumption of sweets, and the parent's infrequent use of xylitol gum. When a less strict threshold for the child's poor oral health-related behavior was used, more predictors entered the model: the parent's unfavorable use of fluoride toothpaste; among girls, the parent's lack of knowledge; and among children whose mother's occupation level was high, the parent's infrequent use of xylitol gum. The parents of children whose oral health behavior was favorable were more likely to have a high level occupation and favorable oral health-related behaviors. Oral health-related knowledge of children and their parents seems to be associated with children's oral health-related behavior. Parents' behaviors, but not attitudes, were associated with children's oral health behavior.

Research paper thumbnail of Patterns of Oral Cleaning Habits and Use of Fluoride Among Dentate Adults in Finland

The aim of the present study was to identify the underlying patterns of oral cleaning habits and ... more The aim of the present study was to identify the underlying patterns of oral cleaning habits and the use of fluoride, and to investigate their variations by studying the socioeconomic characteristics among Finnish dentate adults aged 30 to 64 years. Participants of the nationwide Health 2000 survey who were dentate, aged 30 to 64 years, and underwent a health interview and a clinical oral examination, were included in the present study (n = 4419). In total, 79% of the women and 46% of the men reported to have brushed their teeth twice or more daily; 16% of the women and 14% of the men reported daily use of an electric toothbrush and 14% of the women and 5% of the men reported daily use of dental floss or an interdental brush. Factor analysis revealed five oral cleaning habit patterns, which were named modern, rational, before-breakfast, social and irrational. The modern cleaning pattern was associated with higher levels of education, and the rational cleaning with younger age, female gender and higher levels of education. The before-breakfast cleaning pattern was associated with male gender and lower levels of education, and the social cleaning with older age, female gender and higher levels of education. The irrational cleaning pattern was associated with older age. Adults have various oral cleaning habit patterns, each of which is associated with the subjects' socioeconomic characteristics.

Research paper thumbnail of Tuloksia koululaisten ruokatottumusten kartoituskyselystä

Viime aikoina yleisen keskustelun aiheeksi ovat nousseet koululaisten napostelutuotteiden käytön ... more Viime aikoina yleisen keskustelun aiheeksi ovat nousseet koululaisten napostelutuotteiden käytön selvä lisääntyminen, ruoka-aikojen muuttuminen epäsäännöllisiksi sekä kunnollisten aterioiden korvautuminen välipaloilla. Kouluihin tulleet limsa-ja makeisautomaatit ovat myös herättäneet keskustelua. Ruoka-ja ravitsemustottumusten muutokset ovat yhteydessä suun terveyden lisäksi myös koululaisten lihavuuden yleistymiseen. Artikkelissa kuvataan koululaisten ruokatottumusten kartoituskyselyn tuloksia. Kyselyn tarkoituksena on tuottaa yksityiskohtaista tietoa etenkin koululaisten napostelukäyttäytymisestä niin koulussa kuin vapaa-ajallakin. S uomessa koululaisten suun ter-veys on keskimäärin erittäin hy-vä. Lasten ja nuorten suun ter-veyden pitkään jatkunut myönteinen kehitys pysähtyi kuitenkin 1990-luvul-la. Vuonna 2000 lasten ja nuorten py-syvien hampaiden terveydentila oli sa-malla tasolla kuin 10 vuotta aikaisem-min (l.) Terveelliset ruokatottumukset ovat tärkeä osa suun terveyden edis...

Research paper thumbnail of The role of sugar, xylitol, toothbrushing frequency, and use of fluoride toothpaste in maintenance of adults’ dental health: findings from the Finnish National Health 2000 Survey

European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Changes in children’s oral health-related behavior, knowledge and attitudes during a 3.4-yr randomized clinical trial and oral health-promotion program

European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2009

Change is a process that unfolds over time and progresses through different stages (1). Even thou... more Change is a process that unfolds over time and progresses through different stages (1). Even though several theoretical models of changing behaviors have been developed, their translation into a practical solution that actually works is a challenge (2). The results of various studies with different designs and implementations aiming to improve childrenÕs oral health-related behavior, knowledge, and attitudes indicate, in general, that knowledge can be improved and attitudes changed, but also that changing behaviors is more difficult (3). Education and motivation are not enough to achieve longterm changes (4). Behaviors are adopted when children are very young and these behaviors usually originate from home and from the surrounding environment (5-7). To change behaviors already established, children need to obtain knowledge from different sources and social support from their parents, peers, and other people in their daily environment .

Research paper thumbnail of Oral health impacts among adults in Finland: competing effects of age, number of teeth, and removable dentures

European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Sense of coherence as a determinant of the oral health-related quality of life: a national study in Finnish adults

European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2005

Antonovsky's general theory of salutogenesis is the key determinant of achieving and maintaining ... more Antonovsky's general theory of salutogenesis is the key determinant of achieving and maintaining good somatic health (1). The theory seeks to explain health-promoting factors as distinct from the factors that increase the risk of specific diseases. The theory's central construct is the sense of coherence (SOC), which seeks to explain the relationship between stressors and both subjective and objective evaluations of health. An individual with a strong SOC has the ability to define life events as less stressful (comprehensibility), to mobilize resources to deal with encountered stressors (manageability), and possesses the motivation, desire and commitment to cope (meaningfulness). The level of SOC that an individual achieves is developed before the age of 30 and remains relatively stable thereafter (1).

Research paper thumbnail of Post-trial costs, clinical outcomes, and dental service utilization after a randomized clinical trial for caries control among Finnish adolescents

European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Dental health of 9-10-year-old mentally retarded children in Eastern Finland

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 1982

All 9-10-year-old children in one Finnish county were screened with a standardized set of tasks f... more All 9-10-year-old children in one Finnish county were screened with a standardized set of tasks for their mental performance. 58 verified mentally retarded and 58 randomly selected healthy children were examined for dental and gingival status and level of oral hygiene. Comparisons were made between the retarded and the healthy, as well as between subgroups of the retarded. Similar DFS-values, higher DS-values and an inferior level of oral hygiene in terms of VPI were found in mentally retarded when compared with healthy children. No evident difference was found in gingival status (by GBI) between the retarded and the healthy. The mildly or moderately retarded found by the screening and not yet included in special welfare had the highest DFS-scores, the highest prevalence of untreated caries and the poorest gingival health among the retarded.

Research paper thumbnail of Children’s oral health-related behaviors: individual stability and stage transitions

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2010

Various interventions with different designs and implementations have been tried with the aim of ... more Various interventions with different designs and implementations have been tried with the aim of improving children's oral health-related behavior, knowledge, and attitudes. The results of most of these studies indicate that knowledge can be improved and attitudes changed, but changing behaviors is more difficult (1) because education and motivation are not enough to achieve longterm changes (2). There is no evidence that information or improvement in knowledge or attitudes alone would lead to health benefits (1, 3, 4). Similar (good or poor) health-and oral health-related behaviors, such as irregular toothbrushing and frequent consumption of sweets, cluster (5-12). Similar clustering has been observed in health-and oral health-related knowledge and attitudes . To improve behaviors, children need to receive social support from their parents, peers, and others in their daily environment (1, 13-17). According to present knowledge, change is a process that unfolds over time and progresses through different stages . Behaviors tend to be stable but when an attempt is made to improve them, temporary improvements and lapses occur before the final pattern of behavior is established.

Research paper thumbnail of Past caries recordings made in Public Dental Clinics as predictors of caries prevalence in early adolescence

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 1989

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the power of past caries experience in primary and p... more The aim of the present study was to evaluate the power of past caries experience in primary and permanent dentition in predicting caries prevalence at the age of 13 yr. Clinical and radiographical examination was performed in 512 13-yr-olds by a trained research team. The 6-12-yr dmfs and DMFS values were obtained from the Public Dental Care records. For evaluating the accuracy of predictions, the children were cross-classified according to each past caries score and the 13-yr score. The cutting points were selected to that the children in the upper quartile of caries experience formed the predicted and true high caries groups, leaving about 75% in the low caries groups. Pearson correlations were also calculated. Sensitivity and specificity of caries in primary teeth (6 yr) were 57% and 85%, respectively. For permanent dentition, sensitivity was the lowest (28%) at the age of 6, reached 68% at the age of 9 and remained at that level until age 12. Specificity decreased from 92% (6 yr) to 85% (9 yr) and then steadily increased to 93% (12 yr). Correlation increased with age from 0.37 to 0.82. When screening for high caries increment in young children, caries in primary dentition seems a better screening criterion than caries in permanent first molars. When the aim is to identify those subjects with high caries increment later on, screening at age 9 seems as accurate as that done later.

Research paper thumbnail of Application of the high-risk strategy to control dental caries

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 2000

strategy to control dental caries Hausen H, Kärkkäinen S, Seppä L: Application of the high-risk s... more strategy to control dental caries Hausen H, Kärkkäinen S, Seppä L: Application of the high-risk strategy to control dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2000; 28: 26-34. C Munksgaard, 2000 Abstract -Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether a child population with low overall caries frequency benefits when prevention is targeted to high-risk individuals. Methods: Data from clinical examinations and salivary tests were used to assess caries risk in 12-year-olds (nΩ1465). Children who were regarded as being at high risk of developing caries were randomized into two groups. Half (HRI group) were offered intensive prevention (counseling, F-varnish applications, F-lozenges, sealants, chlorhexidine), and the other half (HRB group) were provided the same basic prevention given to low-risk children (counseling, one F-varnish application/year). A random sample of the low-risk children (LRB) was followed up for the same 3-year period as the high-risk children. The number of children completing the study was 216 in the LRB group, 199 in the HRI group and 174 in the HRB group. Results: The mean (SD) 3-year Key words: dental caries; high-risk strategy; DMFS increment was 2.0 (2.4), 4.4 (4.7) and 5.1 (5.0) in the LRB, HRI and HRB prevention; randomized clinical trial groups, respectively. Comparison between the LRB and HRB groups revealed that Hannu Hausen, University of Oulu, Institute risk assessment was fairly successful in terms of mean DMFS increment. Howof Dentistry, P.O. Box 5281, FIN-90401 Oulu, ever, 63% of the children in the LRB group developed at least one new lesion (max. Finland 12). Conclusions: The negligible difference between the HRI and HRB groups im-Tel: π358 8 537 5582 Fax: π358 8 537 5560

Research paper thumbnail of Caries in permanent dentition and social class of children participating in public dental care in fluoridated and nonfluoridated areas

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 1981

Garics in permanent denlition and soeial elass of ehiidien partieipating in public dental eare in... more Garics in permanent denlition and soeial elass of ehiidien partieipating in public dental eare in lluoridaled and nonfiuoridaled areas. C'ommiinity f3enl. Oral Epidemiol. 1981: 9: 289-291.

Research paper thumbnail of Parental influence on children's oral health-related behavior

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2006

The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences between oral health-related ... more The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences between oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of children and their parents, and to identify the family-related factors associated with children's poor or good oral health-related behavior. The data were gathered by means of questionnaires from 11-12-year-old schoolchildren and their parents who replied without having knowledge of the answers of the others. Differences between subgroups of children were analyzed by cross-tabulation, and the factors related to children's good or poor oral health-related behavior by logistic regression analyses. Parents of children who reported good oral health-related behavior had better knowledge and more favorable behaviors than those of other parents. Predictors for a child's poor oral health-related behavior were the child's poor knowledge, male gender, the parent's frequent consumption of sweets, and the parent's infrequent use of xylitol gum. When a less strict threshold for the child's poor oral health-related behavior was used, more predictors entered the model: the parent's unfavorable use of fluoride toothpaste; among girls, the parent's lack of knowledge; and among children whose mother's occupation level was high, the parent's infrequent use of xylitol gum. The parents of children whose oral health behavior was favorable were more likely to have a high level occupation and favorable oral health-related behaviors. Oral health-related knowledge of children and their parents seems to be associated with children's oral health-related behavior. Parents' behaviors, but not attitudes, were associated with children's oral health behavior.

Research paper thumbnail of Patterns of Oral Cleaning Habits and Use of Fluoride Among Dentate Adults in Finland

The aim of the present study was to identify the underlying patterns of oral cleaning habits and ... more The aim of the present study was to identify the underlying patterns of oral cleaning habits and the use of fluoride, and to investigate their variations by studying the socioeconomic characteristics among Finnish dentate adults aged 30 to 64 years. Participants of the nationwide Health 2000 survey who were dentate, aged 30 to 64 years, and underwent a health interview and a clinical oral examination, were included in the present study (n = 4419). In total, 79% of the women and 46% of the men reported to have brushed their teeth twice or more daily; 16% of the women and 14% of the men reported daily use of an electric toothbrush and 14% of the women and 5% of the men reported daily use of dental floss or an interdental brush. Factor analysis revealed five oral cleaning habit patterns, which were named modern, rational, before-breakfast, social and irrational. The modern cleaning pattern was associated with higher levels of education, and the rational cleaning with younger age, female gender and higher levels of education. The before-breakfast cleaning pattern was associated with male gender and lower levels of education, and the social cleaning with older age, female gender and higher levels of education. The irrational cleaning pattern was associated with older age. Adults have various oral cleaning habit patterns, each of which is associated with the subjects' socioeconomic characteristics.

Research paper thumbnail of Tuloksia koululaisten ruokatottumusten kartoituskyselystä

Viime aikoina yleisen keskustelun aiheeksi ovat nousseet koululaisten napostelutuotteiden käytön ... more Viime aikoina yleisen keskustelun aiheeksi ovat nousseet koululaisten napostelutuotteiden käytön selvä lisääntyminen, ruoka-aikojen muuttuminen epäsäännöllisiksi sekä kunnollisten aterioiden korvautuminen välipaloilla. Kouluihin tulleet limsa-ja makeisautomaatit ovat myös herättäneet keskustelua. Ruoka-ja ravitsemustottumusten muutokset ovat yhteydessä suun terveyden lisäksi myös koululaisten lihavuuden yleistymiseen. Artikkelissa kuvataan koululaisten ruokatottumusten kartoituskyselyn tuloksia. Kyselyn tarkoituksena on tuottaa yksityiskohtaista tietoa etenkin koululaisten napostelukäyttäytymisestä niin koulussa kuin vapaa-ajallakin. S uomessa koululaisten suun ter-veys on keskimäärin erittäin hy-vä. Lasten ja nuorten suun ter-veyden pitkään jatkunut myönteinen kehitys pysähtyi kuitenkin 1990-luvul-la. Vuonna 2000 lasten ja nuorten py-syvien hampaiden terveydentila oli sa-malla tasolla kuin 10 vuotta aikaisem-min (l.) Terveelliset ruokatottumukset ovat tärkeä osa suun terveyden edis...