Harald Heymann - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Harald Heymann
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2006
Tooth whitening products containing hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide were evaluated in thi... more Tooth whitening products containing hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide were evaluated in this review for potential oral cancer risk from their use. Hydrogen peroxide is genotoxic in vitro, but not in vivo. Hydrogen peroxide was not considered to pose a genotoxic risk to humans. The animal toxicology data relevant to the assessment of the carcinogenicity of hydrogen peroxide do not indicate that it has significant carcinogenic activity at any site, including the oral cavity. Hydrogen peroxide was found to enhance the carcinogenic effects of potent DNA reactive carcinogens in experimental animals. However, these experimental conditions are artificial as they are related to high exposures and are of no relevance to potential human exposures to low quantities of hydrogen peroxide from the use of tooth whitening products. Clinical data on hydrogen peroxide-containing tooth whitening products show no evidence for the development of preneoplastic or neoplastic oral lesions. Exposures to hydrogen peroxide received by the oral cavity are exceedingly low, of short duration (30-60 minutes), and could not plausibly enhance any carcinogenic risk associated with exposure of the oral cavity to chemicals in cigarette smoke or to alcohol, both known risk factors for the development of oral cancer.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 1994
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2011
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2010
Injury, 1988
A total of 57 consecutive cases of complete acromioclavicular dislocations are reported. They wer... more A total of 57 consecutive cases of complete acromioclavicular dislocations are reported. They were treated by open reduction and Balser's hook plate fixation supplemented by ligament suture.
Dental Materials, 1988
analysis Haywood VB, Heymann HO, Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Andreaus SB. Polishing porcelain veneers: a... more analysis Haywood VB, Heymann HO, Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Andreaus SB. Polishing porcelain veneers: an SEM and specular reflectance analysis. Dent Mater 1988: 4: 116--121.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2015
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal integrity of resin-based composite (RBC an... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal integrity of resin-based composite (RBC and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) restorations as a function of finishing technique and location of the tooth. Forty extracted third molars were assigned to four groups (N = 10) according to finishing instruments (aluminum oxide discs, fluted carbides, fine diamonds, and coarse diamond). Each specimen received standardized Class V preparations on the facial and lingual surfaces with occlusal margins on enamel and gingival margins on dentin. Each preparation was randomly assigned to be restored with either RBC or RMGIC. Specimens were finished with standardized pressure at approximately 0.16 N and evaluated at a magnification of 600× using an environmental scanning electron microscope. Occlusal and gingival margins were analyzed using an imaging software, and means for all measured gaps were calculated. Data were analyzed with a factorial analysis of variance. All possible two-way interactions were included, and the level of significance was set at 0.05. There were no statistically significant differences among the four types of finishing instruments used in the study. RBC-restored specimens exhibited significantly smaller mean marginal gaps (1.70-7.56 μm) than RMGI-restored specimens (5.24-14.24 μm) in enamel and dentin margins, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between enamel and dentin with regard to marginal gap formation. Under the conditions of this study, marginal gap formation was not affected by finishing technique. RBC margins exhibited significantly less marginal gap than RMGI margins, whereas enamel margins resulted in significantly less marginal gap than did dentin margins. Multiple factors can affect the marginal integrity and the longevity of direct restorations. From these, the finishing and polishing techniques are critical steps that are under the clinician's control, and proper finishing and polishing techniques should be applied for avoiding introduction of stress to the margin of the restoration. It seems that instrumentation do not play a significant role, as much as the restorative material and the substrate to bond.
American journal of dentistry, 2008
To compare the clinical performance of a self-etching adhesive with that of a popular etch-and-ri... more To compare the clinical performance of a self-etching adhesive with that of a popular etch-and-rinse adhesive in Class I posterior composite restorations. 60 Class I resin composite restorations (30 per group) were placed in matched pairs using either the self-etch adhesive Xeno III and the microhybrid resin composite Esthet-X or the etch-and-rinse adhesive OptiBond Solo Plus and Point 4 microhybrid resin composite. Subjects were interviewed via telephone 1 week after restoration placement to assess early post-operative sensitivity. In addition, the restorations were evaluated clinically for post-operative sensitivity, marginal quality, wear, and other characteristics immediately after placement and at 6, 12, 18, and 36 months from baseline. During the first week after placement, subjects reported that 23% of restorations in each group had post-operative sensitivity. Sensitivity decreased greatly with time, and differences between the two groups were never statistically significant....
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 1991
This study evaluated the clinical performance of dentinal adhesives in seven various material/tec... more This study evaluated the clinical performance of dentinal adhesives in seven various material/technique combinations. No statistically significant differences were observed among the restorative combinations, or among technique variables after two years in terms of retention, sensitivity or USPHS categories. However, other factors related to tooth flexure--such as occlusal stress, patient age, restorative material and restoration location--showed statistically significant associations with retention failures. These results support a tooth flexural theory of restoration retention.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2014
Journal of Dentistry, 2014
j o u r n a l o f d e n t i s t r y 4 2 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 1 5 9 2 -1 6 0 2 Fluoride White spot lesions ... more j o u r n a l o f d e n t i s t r y 4 2 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 1 5 9 2 -1 6 0 2 Fluoride White spot lesions Remineralization QLF a b s t r a c t Objectives: This in vitro study compared the remineralization effect on white spot lesions of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crè me, or CPP-ACP (MI Paste TM ), 1.1% NaF dentifrice containing 5000 ppm of fluoride (ControlRX TM ), or CPP-ACP crè me with 900 ppm of fluoride (MI Paste Plus TM ) with that of a control. Methods: Artificial white spot lesions were created on smooth enamel surfaces of sound molars using a previously reported demineralization model. Specimens were randomly assigned to four treatments (n = 35) with a pH-cycling model over 30 days: Control (no treatment); MI Paste (10% CPP-ACP crè me); F5000 (1.1% NaF dentifrice); or MI Paste Plus (10% CPP-ACP plus 900 ppm fluoride crè me). Products were applied following manufacturers' directions. Changes in mean lesion depth expressed by percent fluorescence loss (DF%), and lesion area (mm 2 ) from baseline to after treatment were measured with light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Mean values of each parameter were compared between groups ( p < 0.05).
Operative Dentistry, 2008
This randomized clinical trial compared the performance of an all-in-one adhesive (iBond) applied... more This randomized clinical trial compared the performance of an all-in-one adhesive (iBond) applied in sclerotic and non-sclerotic non-carious cervical lesions with that of a three-step etch-prime-bond adhesive (Gluma Solid Bond, SB). One-hundred and five lesions were randomly assigned to four groups according to adhesive, sclerosis scale and technique: 1) SB applied to lesions with sclerosis scale 1 and 2 (n=26); 2) iBond applied to lesions with sclerosis scale 1 and 2 (n=28); 3) iBond applied to lesions with sclerosis scale 3 and 4 (n=25) and 4) iBond applied with prior acid-etching to lesions with sclerosis scale 3 and 4 (n=26). A microfilled composite (Durafill VS) was used as the restorative material. The restorations were evaluated for retention, color match, marginal adaptation, anatomic form, cavosurface margin discoloration, secondary caries, pre- and post-operative sensitivity, surface texture and fracture at insertion (baseline), 6, 18 months and at 3 years using modified USPHS evaluation criteria (Alfa=excellent; Bravo=clinically acceptable; Charlie=clinically unacceptable). There was a high percentage of Bravo scores for marginal adaptation (4%-32%) and marginal discoloration (18%-60%) in Groups 2, 3 and 4, but all groups had &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;5% Charlie scores at 6 months and &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;10% Charlie scores at 18 months for retention and marginal discoloration, respectively. However, it should be noted that 13% of the restorations in Group 4 were not retained at three years.
Operative Dentistry, 2007
Bond F were tested against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilu... more Bond F were tested against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Actinomyces viscosus. The inhibition of growth by calibrated preparations was quantified by the measurement of zones of inhibition on bacterial lawns. Bactericidal activity was determined as reductions in recoverable colony-forming units in bacterial suspensions exposed to test preparations. Results: All the preparations exhibited detectable zones of inhibition for all target bacteria through six months. When the bactericidal action was evaluated, all the materials were able to kill all the tested bacteria when tested immediately after polymerization. After one week of aging, iBond was the only material that continued to kill all of the test strains.
Journal of the American Dental Association, 2009
The authors conducted a study to evaluate the clinical performance of a dual-cured, three-step de... more The authors conducted a study to evaluate the clinical performance of a dual-cured, three-step dentin adhesive (OptiBond Dual Cure, Kerr, a subsidiary of Sybron Dental Specialties, Orange, Calif.; no longer on the market) at 12 years. The authors restored 100 noncarious cervical lesions without use of macromechanical retention or enamel bevels. In one-half of the lesions (group A), the authors etched only the enamel; in the other half (group B), they etched both enamel and dentin. After etching, they applied a light-cured primer and dual-cured adhesive to enamel and dentin in both groups. They restored the preparations with a resin-based composite. They performed direct evaluations by using modified U.S. Public Health Service criteria at insertion (baseline) and at one year and 12 years after insertion. The 12-year retention rates were 93 percent in group A and 84 percent in group B, for an overall retention rate of 89 percent. Except for marginal discoloration in both groups and retention in group B, the restorations in both groups had Alfa ratings of 88 percent or greater in all of the direct clinical evaluation categories. The 12-year clinical performance, including retention rate, of a dual-cured dental adhesive was excellent and was not affected by dentin acid-etching. This clinical study provides additional evidence for the long-term durability of a three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions.
Journal of the American Dental Association, 2009
The strategies for accomplishing resin adhesion to dentin involve surface conditioning, priming a... more The strategies for accomplishing resin adhesion to dentin involve surface conditioning, priming and bonding. One-bottle adhesives combine the priming and bonding functions in a single solution. In this study, the authors compared the eight-year clinical performance of two one-bottle adhesives made by different manufacturers. The authors placed a total of 99 Class V restorations using either a filled, ethanol-based adhesive (OptiBond Solo [OS], SDS Kerr, Orange, Calif.) or an unfilled, acetone-based adhesive (Prime &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Bond 2.1 [PB] Dentsply Caulk, Milford, Del.) and a hybrid resin-based composite in 33 subjects with noncarious cervical lesions. The authors did not bevel the enamel margins and used no mechanical retention. They evaluated the restorations at baseline and for as long as eight years after placement using modified U.S. Public Health Service criteria. They analyzed differences between groups using appropriate statistical tests. The authors examined 56 restorations after eight years and found retention rates of 69 percent for OS and 59 percent for PB. These rates did not differ statistically (P = .449) and were not significantly affected by subject or lesion characteristics. The authors noted marginal discoloration on 55 percent of the retained OS restorations and on 31 percent of the retained PB restorations, but they detected no secondary caries around any restoration. They noted poor anatomical form and poor marginal adaptation in 15 percent and 40 percent of the retained OS restorations, respectively. The performance of both adhesives was good during this eight-year clinical trial. The filled, ethanol-based adhesive OS demonstrated slightly better bond durability than did the unfilled, acetone-based adhesive PB, but the difference between the two materials was not statistically significant. Despite a high incidence of marginal discoloration, the one-bottle adhesives evaluated in this study provided good clinical retention of Class V restorations without mechanical retention. When the materials are used properly, restorations are retained at an acceptable rate through at least eight years of clinical service.
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1996
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2000
Purpose: For contemporary hydrophilic resin adhesive systems, bonding to dentin is improved if th... more Purpose: For contemporary hydrophilic resin adhesive systems, bonding to dentin is improved if the substrate is maintained in a hydrated state following acid-etching. The purpose of this study was to compare the dentin shear bond strengths of two single-bottle adhesives (one acetonebased and one ethanol-based) applied under different etched-dentin conditions: dry, wet, or dry and re-wetted with different solutions.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 1999
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 2-year effectiveness of a carbamide peroxide at-hom... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 2-year effectiveness of a carbamide peroxide at-home bleaching gel used to provide tooth lightening treatment.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2009
The apparent contact dimension (ACD), a determinant of dental esthetics, has been purported to ex... more The apparent contact dimension (ACD), a determinant of dental esthetics, has been purported to exhibit an esthetic relationship termed the "50:40:30" rule, implying that in an esthetic smile, the ACD between the central incisors, central and lateral incisors, and lateral incisor and canine would be 50, 40, and 30% of the height of a central incisor, respectively. This study assessed the existence of this proportion using casts of orthodontically treated (N = 40) and nontreated (N = 27) subjects deemed to possess excellent occlusion. Covariates studied included tooth size, tooth shape, tip, and torque. The average ACD proportions in this study, relative to the height of an ipsilateral central incisor, were found to be 49, 38, and 27% between the central incisors, central and lateral incisors, and the lateral incisor and canine, respectively. The ACD exhibited a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the height of the clinical crown and a negative correlation (p < 0.05) with the width/height ratios of the corresponding teeth. No statistically significant correlations were evident between the ACD with the shape of the clinical crown, tip, and torque. However, the tip and torque did exhibit a statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation with the height of the clinical crown. This study is the first to validate the existence and proportions of the ACD.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2006
The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface roughness (Ra) of different esthetic res... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface roughness (Ra) of different esthetic restorative materials following simulated toothbrushing using different whitening dentifrices. Cylinders of Esthet-X (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), Durafil VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany), and Vitremer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were made using molds (4 mm in diameter for 2 mm in height). The superficial roughness was evaluated using a profilometer (Ra) with a cutoff length of 0.25 mm and a speed of 0.1 mm/s. The specimens (N=13) were submitted to 7,500 brushing cycles using five different toothpastes: (1) Crest Regular (control; Procter &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Gamble): silica abrasive (C); (2) Crest Extra Whitening (Procter &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA): bicarbonate+calcium pyrophosphate (CE); (3) Dental Care A &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; H (Arm &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Hammer, Camilla, GA, USA): bicarbonate (DC); (4) Rembrandt Plus Whitening (Oral B Laboratories, Belmont, CA, USA): carbamide peroxide+alumina/silica (RP); and (5) experimental: hydrogen peroxide+calcium carbonate (EX). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s test (alpha=.05) for each restorative material, and the results [difference between final and initial roughness: Ra(F)-Ra(I) in microm] were as follows: Esthet-X: EX=0.15+0.07a; RP=0.29+0.16a; CE=0.96+0.33b; C=1.03+0.29b; DC=1.48+0.37b; Durafil VS: RP=0.09+0.07a; EX=0.55+0.23abc; C=0.96+0.26bc; CE=1.03+0.33cd; DC=1.09+0.37d; and Vitremer: EX=0.10+0.08a; RP=0.26+0.19a; CE=0.94+0.27b; DC=1.13+0.46bc; C=1.50+0.32c (different letters mean differences among groups). It was verified that the dentifrices containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide along with alumina+silica and calcium carbonate, respectively (groups 4 and 5), produced minor changes in Ra when compared with the control group and with those dentifrices containing bicarbonate (groups 2 and 3). CLINICAL significance The results of this study indicate that whitening dentifrices evaluated containing silica or calcium carbonate were less abrasive when used on the resin-based esthetic restorative materials than those that contain sodium bicarbonate.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2006
Tooth whitening products containing hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide were evaluated in thi... more Tooth whitening products containing hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide were evaluated in this review for potential oral cancer risk from their use. Hydrogen peroxide is genotoxic in vitro, but not in vivo. Hydrogen peroxide was not considered to pose a genotoxic risk to humans. The animal toxicology data relevant to the assessment of the carcinogenicity of hydrogen peroxide do not indicate that it has significant carcinogenic activity at any site, including the oral cavity. Hydrogen peroxide was found to enhance the carcinogenic effects of potent DNA reactive carcinogens in experimental animals. However, these experimental conditions are artificial as they are related to high exposures and are of no relevance to potential human exposures to low quantities of hydrogen peroxide from the use of tooth whitening products. Clinical data on hydrogen peroxide-containing tooth whitening products show no evidence for the development of preneoplastic or neoplastic oral lesions. Exposures to hydrogen peroxide received by the oral cavity are exceedingly low, of short duration (30-60 minutes), and could not plausibly enhance any carcinogenic risk associated with exposure of the oral cavity to chemicals in cigarette smoke or to alcohol, both known risk factors for the development of oral cancer.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 1994
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2011
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2010
Injury, 1988
A total of 57 consecutive cases of complete acromioclavicular dislocations are reported. They wer... more A total of 57 consecutive cases of complete acromioclavicular dislocations are reported. They were treated by open reduction and Balser's hook plate fixation supplemented by ligament suture.
Dental Materials, 1988
analysis Haywood VB, Heymann HO, Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Andreaus SB. Polishing porcelain veneers: a... more analysis Haywood VB, Heymann HO, Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Andreaus SB. Polishing porcelain veneers: an SEM and specular reflectance analysis. Dent Mater 1988: 4: 116--121.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2015
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal integrity of resin-based composite (RBC an... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal integrity of resin-based composite (RBC and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) restorations as a function of finishing technique and location of the tooth. Forty extracted third molars were assigned to four groups (N = 10) according to finishing instruments (aluminum oxide discs, fluted carbides, fine diamonds, and coarse diamond). Each specimen received standardized Class V preparations on the facial and lingual surfaces with occlusal margins on enamel and gingival margins on dentin. Each preparation was randomly assigned to be restored with either RBC or RMGIC. Specimens were finished with standardized pressure at approximately 0.16 N and evaluated at a magnification of 600× using an environmental scanning electron microscope. Occlusal and gingival margins were analyzed using an imaging software, and means for all measured gaps were calculated. Data were analyzed with a factorial analysis of variance. All possible two-way interactions were included, and the level of significance was set at 0.05. There were no statistically significant differences among the four types of finishing instruments used in the study. RBC-restored specimens exhibited significantly smaller mean marginal gaps (1.70-7.56 μm) than RMGI-restored specimens (5.24-14.24 μm) in enamel and dentin margins, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between enamel and dentin with regard to marginal gap formation. Under the conditions of this study, marginal gap formation was not affected by finishing technique. RBC margins exhibited significantly less marginal gap than RMGI margins, whereas enamel margins resulted in significantly less marginal gap than did dentin margins. Multiple factors can affect the marginal integrity and the longevity of direct restorations. From these, the finishing and polishing techniques are critical steps that are under the clinician&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s control, and proper finishing and polishing techniques should be applied for avoiding introduction of stress to the margin of the restoration. It seems that instrumentation do not play a significant role, as much as the restorative material and the substrate to bond.
American journal of dentistry, 2008
To compare the clinical performance of a self-etching adhesive with that of a popular etch-and-ri... more To compare the clinical performance of a self-etching adhesive with that of a popular etch-and-rinse adhesive in Class I posterior composite restorations. 60 Class I resin composite restorations (30 per group) were placed in matched pairs using either the self-etch adhesive Xeno III and the microhybrid resin composite Esthet-X or the etch-and-rinse adhesive OptiBond Solo Plus and Point 4 microhybrid resin composite. Subjects were interviewed via telephone 1 week after restoration placement to assess early post-operative sensitivity. In addition, the restorations were evaluated clinically for post-operative sensitivity, marginal quality, wear, and other characteristics immediately after placement and at 6, 12, 18, and 36 months from baseline. During the first week after placement, subjects reported that 23% of restorations in each group had post-operative sensitivity. Sensitivity decreased greatly with time, and differences between the two groups were never statistically significant....
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 1991
This study evaluated the clinical performance of dentinal adhesives in seven various material/tec... more This study evaluated the clinical performance of dentinal adhesives in seven various material/technique combinations. No statistically significant differences were observed among the restorative combinations, or among technique variables after two years in terms of retention, sensitivity or USPHS categories. However, other factors related to tooth flexure--such as occlusal stress, patient age, restorative material and restoration location--showed statistically significant associations with retention failures. These results support a tooth flexural theory of restoration retention.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2014
Journal of Dentistry, 2014
j o u r n a l o f d e n t i s t r y 4 2 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 1 5 9 2 -1 6 0 2 Fluoride White spot lesions ... more j o u r n a l o f d e n t i s t r y 4 2 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 1 5 9 2 -1 6 0 2 Fluoride White spot lesions Remineralization QLF a b s t r a c t Objectives: This in vitro study compared the remineralization effect on white spot lesions of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crè me, or CPP-ACP (MI Paste TM ), 1.1% NaF dentifrice containing 5000 ppm of fluoride (ControlRX TM ), or CPP-ACP crè me with 900 ppm of fluoride (MI Paste Plus TM ) with that of a control. Methods: Artificial white spot lesions were created on smooth enamel surfaces of sound molars using a previously reported demineralization model. Specimens were randomly assigned to four treatments (n = 35) with a pH-cycling model over 30 days: Control (no treatment); MI Paste (10% CPP-ACP crè me); F5000 (1.1% NaF dentifrice); or MI Paste Plus (10% CPP-ACP plus 900 ppm fluoride crè me). Products were applied following manufacturers' directions. Changes in mean lesion depth expressed by percent fluorescence loss (DF%), and lesion area (mm 2 ) from baseline to after treatment were measured with light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Mean values of each parameter were compared between groups ( p < 0.05).
Operative Dentistry, 2008
This randomized clinical trial compared the performance of an all-in-one adhesive (iBond) applied... more This randomized clinical trial compared the performance of an all-in-one adhesive (iBond) applied in sclerotic and non-sclerotic non-carious cervical lesions with that of a three-step etch-prime-bond adhesive (Gluma Solid Bond, SB). One-hundred and five lesions were randomly assigned to four groups according to adhesive, sclerosis scale and technique: 1) SB applied to lesions with sclerosis scale 1 and 2 (n=26); 2) iBond applied to lesions with sclerosis scale 1 and 2 (n=28); 3) iBond applied to lesions with sclerosis scale 3 and 4 (n=25) and 4) iBond applied with prior acid-etching to lesions with sclerosis scale 3 and 4 (n=26). A microfilled composite (Durafill VS) was used as the restorative material. The restorations were evaluated for retention, color match, marginal adaptation, anatomic form, cavosurface margin discoloration, secondary caries, pre- and post-operative sensitivity, surface texture and fracture at insertion (baseline), 6, 18 months and at 3 years using modified USPHS evaluation criteria (Alfa=excellent; Bravo=clinically acceptable; Charlie=clinically unacceptable). There was a high percentage of Bravo scores for marginal adaptation (4%-32%) and marginal discoloration (18%-60%) in Groups 2, 3 and 4, but all groups had &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;5% Charlie scores at 6 months and &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;10% Charlie scores at 18 months for retention and marginal discoloration, respectively. However, it should be noted that 13% of the restorations in Group 4 were not retained at three years.
Operative Dentistry, 2007
Bond F were tested against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilu... more Bond F were tested against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Actinomyces viscosus. The inhibition of growth by calibrated preparations was quantified by the measurement of zones of inhibition on bacterial lawns. Bactericidal activity was determined as reductions in recoverable colony-forming units in bacterial suspensions exposed to test preparations. Results: All the preparations exhibited detectable zones of inhibition for all target bacteria through six months. When the bactericidal action was evaluated, all the materials were able to kill all the tested bacteria when tested immediately after polymerization. After one week of aging, iBond was the only material that continued to kill all of the test strains.
Journal of the American Dental Association, 2009
The authors conducted a study to evaluate the clinical performance of a dual-cured, three-step de... more The authors conducted a study to evaluate the clinical performance of a dual-cured, three-step dentin adhesive (OptiBond Dual Cure, Kerr, a subsidiary of Sybron Dental Specialties, Orange, Calif.; no longer on the market) at 12 years. The authors restored 100 noncarious cervical lesions without use of macromechanical retention or enamel bevels. In one-half of the lesions (group A), the authors etched only the enamel; in the other half (group B), they etched both enamel and dentin. After etching, they applied a light-cured primer and dual-cured adhesive to enamel and dentin in both groups. They restored the preparations with a resin-based composite. They performed direct evaluations by using modified U.S. Public Health Service criteria at insertion (baseline) and at one year and 12 years after insertion. The 12-year retention rates were 93 percent in group A and 84 percent in group B, for an overall retention rate of 89 percent. Except for marginal discoloration in both groups and retention in group B, the restorations in both groups had Alfa ratings of 88 percent or greater in all of the direct clinical evaluation categories. The 12-year clinical performance, including retention rate, of a dual-cured dental adhesive was excellent and was not affected by dentin acid-etching. This clinical study provides additional evidence for the long-term durability of a three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions.
Journal of the American Dental Association, 2009
The strategies for accomplishing resin adhesion to dentin involve surface conditioning, priming a... more The strategies for accomplishing resin adhesion to dentin involve surface conditioning, priming and bonding. One-bottle adhesives combine the priming and bonding functions in a single solution. In this study, the authors compared the eight-year clinical performance of two one-bottle adhesives made by different manufacturers. The authors placed a total of 99 Class V restorations using either a filled, ethanol-based adhesive (OptiBond Solo [OS], SDS Kerr, Orange, Calif.) or an unfilled, acetone-based adhesive (Prime &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Bond 2.1 [PB] Dentsply Caulk, Milford, Del.) and a hybrid resin-based composite in 33 subjects with noncarious cervical lesions. The authors did not bevel the enamel margins and used no mechanical retention. They evaluated the restorations at baseline and for as long as eight years after placement using modified U.S. Public Health Service criteria. They analyzed differences between groups using appropriate statistical tests. The authors examined 56 restorations after eight years and found retention rates of 69 percent for OS and 59 percent for PB. These rates did not differ statistically (P = .449) and were not significantly affected by subject or lesion characteristics. The authors noted marginal discoloration on 55 percent of the retained OS restorations and on 31 percent of the retained PB restorations, but they detected no secondary caries around any restoration. They noted poor anatomical form and poor marginal adaptation in 15 percent and 40 percent of the retained OS restorations, respectively. The performance of both adhesives was good during this eight-year clinical trial. The filled, ethanol-based adhesive OS demonstrated slightly better bond durability than did the unfilled, acetone-based adhesive PB, but the difference between the two materials was not statistically significant. Despite a high incidence of marginal discoloration, the one-bottle adhesives evaluated in this study provided good clinical retention of Class V restorations without mechanical retention. When the materials are used properly, restorations are retained at an acceptable rate through at least eight years of clinical service.
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1996
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2000
Purpose: For contemporary hydrophilic resin adhesive systems, bonding to dentin is improved if th... more Purpose: For contemporary hydrophilic resin adhesive systems, bonding to dentin is improved if the substrate is maintained in a hydrated state following acid-etching. The purpose of this study was to compare the dentin shear bond strengths of two single-bottle adhesives (one acetonebased and one ethanol-based) applied under different etched-dentin conditions: dry, wet, or dry and re-wetted with different solutions.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 1999
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 2-year effectiveness of a carbamide peroxide at-hom... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 2-year effectiveness of a carbamide peroxide at-home bleaching gel used to provide tooth lightening treatment.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2009
The apparent contact dimension (ACD), a determinant of dental esthetics, has been purported to ex... more The apparent contact dimension (ACD), a determinant of dental esthetics, has been purported to exhibit an esthetic relationship termed the "50:40:30" rule, implying that in an esthetic smile, the ACD between the central incisors, central and lateral incisors, and lateral incisor and canine would be 50, 40, and 30% of the height of a central incisor, respectively. This study assessed the existence of this proportion using casts of orthodontically treated (N = 40) and nontreated (N = 27) subjects deemed to possess excellent occlusion. Covariates studied included tooth size, tooth shape, tip, and torque. The average ACD proportions in this study, relative to the height of an ipsilateral central incisor, were found to be 49, 38, and 27% between the central incisors, central and lateral incisors, and the lateral incisor and canine, respectively. The ACD exhibited a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the height of the clinical crown and a negative correlation (p < 0.05) with the width/height ratios of the corresponding teeth. No statistically significant correlations were evident between the ACD with the shape of the clinical crown, tip, and torque. However, the tip and torque did exhibit a statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation with the height of the clinical crown. This study is the first to validate the existence and proportions of the ACD.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2006
The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface roughness (Ra) of different esthetic res... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface roughness (Ra) of different esthetic restorative materials following simulated toothbrushing using different whitening dentifrices. Cylinders of Esthet-X (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), Durafil VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany), and Vitremer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were made using molds (4 mm in diameter for 2 mm in height). The superficial roughness was evaluated using a profilometer (Ra) with a cutoff length of 0.25 mm and a speed of 0.1 mm/s. The specimens (N=13) were submitted to 7,500 brushing cycles using five different toothpastes: (1) Crest Regular (control; Procter &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Gamble): silica abrasive (C); (2) Crest Extra Whitening (Procter &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA): bicarbonate+calcium pyrophosphate (CE); (3) Dental Care A &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; H (Arm &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Hammer, Camilla, GA, USA): bicarbonate (DC); (4) Rembrandt Plus Whitening (Oral B Laboratories, Belmont, CA, USA): carbamide peroxide+alumina/silica (RP); and (5) experimental: hydrogen peroxide+calcium carbonate (EX). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s test (alpha=.05) for each restorative material, and the results [difference between final and initial roughness: Ra(F)-Ra(I) in microm] were as follows: Esthet-X: EX=0.15+0.07a; RP=0.29+0.16a; CE=0.96+0.33b; C=1.03+0.29b; DC=1.48+0.37b; Durafil VS: RP=0.09+0.07a; EX=0.55+0.23abc; C=0.96+0.26bc; CE=1.03+0.33cd; DC=1.09+0.37d; and Vitremer: EX=0.10+0.08a; RP=0.26+0.19a; CE=0.94+0.27b; DC=1.13+0.46bc; C=1.50+0.32c (different letters mean differences among groups). It was verified that the dentifrices containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide along with alumina+silica and calcium carbonate, respectively (groups 4 and 5), produced minor changes in Ra when compared with the control group and with those dentifrices containing bicarbonate (groups 2 and 3). CLINICAL significance The results of this study indicate that whitening dentifrices evaluated containing silica or calcium carbonate were less abrasive when used on the resin-based esthetic restorative materials than those that contain sodium bicarbonate.