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Papers by Patrick Hardman

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Mar 1, 1990

The journal of contemporary dental practice, 2005

Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, Nov 1, 1978

Quarterly Dental Revrew 265 drug. Of the patients taking levamisole without obvious benefit 11 of... more Quarterly Dental Revrew 265 drug. Of the patients taking levamisole without obvious benefit 11 of 15 showed improvement on the weekly schedule. Half of the patients who had been receiving the placebo improved when switched to the drug. In all 51 (of whom 46 were receiving active medication) patients showed some improvement. Side effects were reported in many cases and included dysgeusia, hyperosmia, nausea, vomiting and headache. One patient had an urticarial rash which was reproduced on rechallenge with levamisole. Granulocytopoenia was not reported. The authors considered that levamisole is an effective mode of treatment for aphthous ulceration in a significant number of patients, especially when used on a regular weekly basis.

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Jun 1, 1987

SEC rlON ON ORAL RADIOLOGY. DEPARTMENT OF ORAL DICNOSIS. C YIVERSITY OF MlSSOl RI-K:\NS;\S CIT\' ... more SEC rlON ON ORAL RADIOLOGY. DEPARTMENT OF ORAL DICNOSIS. C YIVERSITY OF MlSSOl RI-K:\NS;\S CIT\' SCHOOI. OF DENTISTRY. Contamination of processor solutions adversely affects the image quality of radiographic films. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of developer or fixer contaminant that was necessary to produce a significant densitometric change in the base plus fog, speed, or contrast optical density readings for panoramic flim. Significant differences in base plus fog (after 16 mL of fixer contaminant was added to developer), speed index (after 4 mL). and contrast index (after 8 mL) were observed in comparison with control values.

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Sep 1, 1985

Immunohematology / American Red Cross, 1991

Our purpose was to develop educational software that would simulate laboratory investigation of p... more Our purpose was to develop educational software that would simulate laboratory investigation of problems in Rh immune globulin prophylaxis and hemolytic disease of the newborn. An interactive, branching style program was developed using a 256K Penonal Computer (International Business Machines, Boca Raton, FL). The software has been used in over 125 institutions for preprofessional and continuing professional education. Immunohematology 1991;1:12-15 Although several abstracts1-10 and articles11-14 have reported the development of computer-assisted learning (CAL) software for blood bank education, prenatal/perinatal blood banking was not among the topics available for review Our purpose was to develop microcomputer educational software that would simulate problem solving in R h Immune globulin W I G) prophylaxis and hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Software Development and Description Hardware used in software development, software design, levels of difficulty, feedback, and documentation were similar to that of the previously reported transfusion reaction software.

Journal of Periodontology, Jun 1, 1983

The purpose of this study was to determine and to compare the titers of salivary anti-A and anti-... more The purpose of this study was to determine and to compare the titers of salivary anti-A and anti-B antibodies in two groups of patients with periodontal disease as measured by Russell's Periodontal Index (PI). Forty volunteer subjects, who were new patients assigned to a screening clinic, were selected for the study based on the following criteria: (1) blood group, (2) medical history, (3) age and (4) periodontal condition. One group of patients (TV = 20) had a PI of less than 2.0 and the other group of patients (TV = 20) had a PI of greater than 4.0. Following screening, a 10-ml sample of unstimulated whole saliva was collected, centrifuged and frozen. Within 30 days the saliva was thawed, titrated and tested for presence of anti-A and anti-B. Saliva agglutinin titers were determined using a variation of previous testing techniques. Statistically significant differences between the two groups were not obtained in the titers of salivary anti-A (U = 192.5; > 0.1) or the titers of salivary anti-B (U = 162.8; > 0.1). All 40 group O patients were found to have anti-A and anti-B in their saliva.

Seminars in Orthodontics, Sep 1, 2004

ABSTRACT Although digital radiographs and cephalometric analysis software are becoming increasing... more ABSTRACT Although digital radiographs and cephalometric analysis software are becoming increasingly popular in orthodontic offices, there is little information concerning their reliability of measurement of soft tissue or concerning comparison with conventional techniques. Our study shows good reliability of each imaging system (conventional and storage phosphor digital) and cephalometric analysis modality (manual tracing, Dolphin Imaging v. 7.0 and Vistadent Image Management system v. 8.0) with no statistical differences in reliability among the modalities. In the second part of our research comparing the means of the modalities using different subjects, there was no difference in mean Dolphin scanned values when compared with manual traced values whereas the other imaging modalities (Dolphin digital, Vistadent scanned, and Vistadent digital) were significantly different from the manual traced values. Dolphin digital was significantly different from Vistadent scanned and Vistadent digital, although there were no differences between Vistadent scanned and digital. In general, except for facial angle, these differences in modalities do not appear to be clinically significant.

Transfusion, May 1, 1983

Red cell samples from a patient who was suffering from massive hemolysis due to a brown recluse s... more Red cell samples from a patient who was suffering from massive hemolysis due to a brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) bite were found to be reactive by indirect antiglobulin test with most ABO-compatible serum samples. Spider venom, enzymes related to those in spider venom, and antisera to plasma proteins and Rh antigens were used to investigate the unusual reactivity of the patient's cells. IgG was detected on the patient's cells by indirect antiglobulin tests. Cells treated with brown recluse spider venom or phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase reacted similarly. These findings suggest that sphingomyelinase D, which has been identified in brown recluse spider venom, may be related to the unusual reactivity of the patient's cells. Unexpected reactions were observed when venom-treated cells were tested with Rh antibodies: O negative cells absorbed and eluted anti-D from Rh immune globulin; E negative cells were reactive with a commercial anti-E reagent.

International Endodontic Journal, 2012

To compare the radiopacity of five root filling materials as measured on digitized E-speed films,... more To compare the radiopacity of five root filling materials as measured on digitized E-speed films, storage phosphor plate and CCD sensor images. Radiopacity of Resilon cones and Epiphany, MM-Seal, EndoREZ and AH Plus sealers were investigated. Ten acrylic plates were prepared and filled with the materials. Samples were radiographed together with samples of dentine and an aluminium stepwedge. Images were obtained using E-speed films, Digora storage phosphor plates and Schick CDR CCD sensor. Conventional radiographs were digitized using a desktop scanner. Mean grey values of the materials, stepwedge and dentine were measured using the histogram analysis function of Photoshop 7.0. A graph of radiographic density versus thickness of the aluminium was drawn for each image from which the radiographic densities of the materials were determined in relation to the aluminium thickness. The mean was calculated, and the data were analysed using repeated measures anova and Bonferroni tests (P&amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). There were significant differences between different imaging modalities (P=0.018) and root filling materials (P&amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001). A statistically significant interaction between imaging modality and material was also observed (P&amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001). All materials had radiopacity above 3mm of aluminium regardless of the imaging technique. The radiopacity of Resilon and Epiphany was significantly higher on digital images compared with digitized E-speed film images (P&amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001). The choice of imaging system may effect radiopacity measurements. It is possible that radiopacity as recorded on traditional or digitized films is not indicative of the radiopacity as recorded on a digital sensor.

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, 2007

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of conventional film, unenhanced direct digital an... more Objectives: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of conventional film, unenhanced direct digital and inversion grayscale direct digital imaging in the detection of approximal caries. Methods: 150 approximal surfaces of extracted permanent molars and premolars were selected for the study on the basis of varying lesion depth. The teeth were radiographed using Ektaspeed Plus film; digital images were made with a Schick CMOS-APS sensor. 7 examiners evaluated 58 randomized images of each modality. Histological sectioning of the teeth was used to verify the presence and extent of decay. Results: No significant difference was found between the diagnostic accuracies of the three imaging modalities (P ¼ 0.226). Analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the three modalities on lesion depth showed no statistically significant interaction; however, the main effect of the lesion depth was significant (P , 0.001, h 2 ¼ 0.936). Conclusions: The overall diagnostic accuracy of the three modalities in the detection of approximal carious lesions was comparable. All three modalities performed poorly in the detection of enamel lesions.

Journal of Dentistry, 1979

Transfusion, 1983

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 1990

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2002

The aim of this study was to compare panoramic temporomandibular joint radiography, unenhanced an... more The aim of this study was to compare panoramic temporomandibular joint radiography, unenhanced and color-enhanced digital-subtraction radiography with respect to detectability of simulated osteophytic lesions of the mandibular condyle. Three dry human skulls with no obvious temporomandibular joint pathology were selected. Four sizes of bone chips were placed on the anterior aspect of the condyle at medial, central, and lateral locations. Panoramic radiographs were made with and without the chips in place. These paired radiographs were digitized, and unenhanced and color-enhanced digital-subtraction images of the original panoramic images were obtained. Eight observers evaluated 72 randomized images of each modality for the presence or absence of simulated osteophytic lesions of the mandibular condyle, grading the images on a 100-point scale. A(z) values for overall diagnostic accuracy of the three imaging modalities were 0.5376 for panoramic radiography, 0.7861 for unenhanced digital subtraction radiography, and 0.7923 for color-enhanced digital-subtraction radiography. Digital-subtraction radiography improved the detection accuracy of the original panoramic films. Panoramic radiographs were significantly less accurate in the detection of simulated osteophytic lesions of the mandibular condyle than the two digital-subtraction techniques.

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 1985

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 1987

The Lichenologist, 1983

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS REPORT ON ACTIVITY OF LICHEN LECTINS Agglutination or clumping of red blood ... more SHORT COMMUNICATIONS REPORT ON ACTIVITY OF LICHEN LECTINS Agglutination or clumping of red blood cells by plant extracts were reported by Stillmark (1888). Boyd & Shapleigh (1954) subsequently introduced the term lectin (from the Latin legere, to pick or choose) to describe haemagglutinins obtained from plants. Lectins in lichen extracts have been reported by Estola & Vartia (1955) and by Barrett & Howe (1968). Although these authors concluded that they were unable to demonstrate specificity in the lichen lectins, Barrett & Howe suggested that further testing was warranted, as did Gold & Balding (1975). Our purpose was to collect fresh lichen samples and then identify and test them for lectin activity. Materials and Methods Lichens were collected in the states of Alaska, Missouri and Washington, U.S.A. and in the Yukon Territory, Canada. Specimens of Cladonia coccifera, Dermazocarpon miriatum, Placynthium asperellum, (syn. P. aspralile) Punctelia rudecta (syn. Parmelia rudecta) and Xanthoria candelaria were collected in Missouri, Hypogymnia physodes in Washington, and Cetraria islandica, Cladina mitis (syn. Gadonia mitis), Cladonia deformis, Cladonia pleurota, Umbilicaria torrefacta and Xanthoparmelia centrifuga (syn. Parmelia centrifuga) in the Yukon Territory. The remaining species were collected in Denali and Glacier Bay National Parks, Alaska. Specimens were identified according to morphological and chemical criteria. Voucher material has been retained at the Smithsonian Institution (U.S.A.). Extracts of each species were prepared as 10% suspensions of ground or chopped material in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7 • 0. After 30 min incubation at 22°C, the suspensions were centrifuged and the supernatant removed for immediate testing. The extracts were then tested against 15 red cell samples including (1) group A and B cells; (2) group O cells positive for the antigens, M, N, P,, Le a , Le b , I and i; (3) T, Tn, Tk and NOR types of polyagglutinable cells; (4) Loxosceles reclusa venomtreated group O cells and ficin-treated group O and Tk polyagglutinable cells. Group A 2 cells and O h cells were used in selected tests. Serological tests were performed in 10 x 75 mm glass test tubes using equal volumes of extract and 2% red cell suspension in PBS. The tests were centrifuged after incubating for 10 and 60 min at room temperature and then examined for agglutination. Reactions were graded from negative to 4 + (maximum agglutination) and recorded. Lectin dilutions giving 1 + to 2 + reactions were selected for inhibition tests. These were performed using equal volumes of lectin and 0 1M solutions of the following carbohydrates: D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, L-fucose, D-fucose, iV-acetyl-D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, AT-acetylneuraminic acid. Lectin-carbohydrate mixtures and a lectin PBS-positive control were incubated for 60 min at room temperature before the addition of the indicator cells. Reactivity of tests was compared to the positive control as described above. Table 1 lists the non-reactive lichens. Haemolytic extracts were obtained from an example of Cetraria islandica, Lobaria pulmonaria, Solorina crocea and Xanthoparmelia centrifuga. Table 2 shows the agglutinating lichens, the agglutinated cells and the inhibiting carbohydrates. Discussion Although the presence of lectins in lichens was reported nearly 30 years ago, information on the specificity of lichen lectins is limited. Lockhart et al. (1978) reported that Peltigera canina extract bound group A red cells better than group B or O cells. Xavier Filho et al. (1980) reported that A and AB red cells were agglutinated by extracts of Dictyonema sericeum, but not B or O cells. Petit (1982) reported

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 1988

This article summarizes the use of rare earth screen technology to achieve high-quality panoramic... more This article summarizes the use of rare earth screen technology to achieve high-quality panoramic and cephalometric radiographs with sizable reductions in patient radiation dosage. Collimation, shielding, quality control, and darkroom procedures are reviewed to further reduce patient risk and improve image quality.

Journal of Periodontology, 1983