Harry Archer - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Harry Archer
On poster: "Original music, songs, dances. A musical, singing, dancing triumph. Company of 4... more On poster: "Original music, songs, dances. A musical, singing, dancing triumph. Company of 45 people."
https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp-copyright/2997/thumbnail.jp
![Research paper thumbnail of [Who discovered general anesthesia?]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93087997/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Revista de la Federación Odontológica Ecuatoriana
have been accorded varying degrees of credit for the discovery and introduction of anesthesia. I ... more have been accorded varying degrees of credit for the discovery and introduction of anesthesia. I shall set forth briefly and objectively the part played by each so that the reader may judge the merits of each. Early Pioneers of conversation among Borlase and his associates, to all of which young Davy was an attentive listener. His interest was particularly aroused by the discussions of nitrous oxide which had been branded as dangerous by the American chemist and physician, Dr. Lantham Mitchell. The element of mystery and danger surrounding the gas intrigued Davy, and he began experimenting with it secretly. He first discovered that nitrous oxide induced a feeling of Humphrey Davy well being and cheerfulness which Humphrey Davy, at seventeen increased untilhe became convulsed years of age, became apprenticed with laughter. Hence the origin of to John Bingham Borlase, a promthe term "laughing gas." inent surgeon of Penzance. At this Davy's experimental work on time many newly discovered gases gases was brought to the attention were being used in medicine for the of Dr. Beddoes, head of the Pneutreatment of diseases and hence matic Institute of Clifton, who furnished the most frequent topicSpromptly offered him the post of
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2002
AIDS, 2003
Decreased expression of activation markers on CD4 T lymphocytes of HIV-infected long-term nonprog... more Decreased expression of activation markers on CD4 T lymphocytes of HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors Recent cross-sectional studies have reported strong CD4 T helper type 1 cell responses to viruses in HIVinfected long-term non progressors (LTNP) [1,2]. It has been suggested that the loss of CD4 Th1 cell function in HIV-infected individuals is related to a process of the activation-induced death of CD4 Th1 cells [3]. In a cohort of LTNP, we have focused on the characterization of activated CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets that have been reported to have independent prognostic value for progression to AIDS [4,5]. In a 6year prospective study, we compared the baseline levels of T-cell subsets in LTNP and controls when enrolled into the study. We studied six HIV LTNP (mean age at diagnosis of HIV infection 24 years; standard error of mean, SE 1.5) with the following criteria: asymptomatic status, at least 8 years of documented HIV infection, CD4 T-cell number over 500 cells 3 10 6 /l from the detection of HIV infection (baseline levels when enrolled into the study and latest CD4 T-cell count values at the end of follow-up: 1152, SE 160 and 1079, SE 78 cells 3 10 6 /l, respectively, P ¼ 0.29) and an absence of previous antiretroviral therapy. The disease control group consisted of 10 asymptomatic HIV patients (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention category A1, mean age 23 years, SE 1.2) with a progressive course to more advanced stages of asymptomatic HIV infection, measured by a significant decline in CD4 T cells (baseline and latest CD4 T-cell count values: 646, SE 61 and 461, SE 28 cells 3 10 6 /l, respectively, P ¼ 0.027). The mean time of HIV infection at the time of the baseline immunological study was 5.3 years in asymptomatic progressors. LTNP and A1 progressors had a history of injecting drug use. Twenty-seven HIV-uninfected injecting drug users and 39 HIV-negative age-matched healthy volunteers were included as HIV-negative controls [6]. Baseline levels of HIV RNA were 791, SE 712 copies/ml and 1293, SE 556 copies/ml in LTNP and progressors, respectively (P. 0.05). None of the A1 progressors were receiving antiretroviral therapy at study entry, but seven started treatment during follow-up. Activated CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets were quantitated using three-colour flow cytometry (FACScan, Becton and Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA). We enumerated T cell subsets using fluorescein isothiocyanate/phycoerythrin/ peridin chlorophyll protein combinations of CD38/ HLA-DR/CD4 or CD8; CD38/CD45RO/CD4 or CD8; HLA-DR/CD45RO/CD4 or CD8; CD3 fluorescein isothiocyanate/CD4 peridin chlorophyll protein or CD8; CD45/CD14 and isotype controls. The plasma HIV-RNA level was measured using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Ultrasensitive Amplicor HIV Test, Roche Molecular Systems, Branchburg, NJ, USA). Comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney test.
On poster: "Original music, songs, dances. A musical, singing, dancing triumph. Company of 4... more On poster: "Original music, songs, dances. A musical, singing, dancing triumph. Company of 45 people."
https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp-copyright/2997/thumbnail.jp
Revista de la Federación Odontológica Ecuatoriana
have been accorded varying degrees of credit for the discovery and introduction of anesthesia. I ... more have been accorded varying degrees of credit for the discovery and introduction of anesthesia. I shall set forth briefly and objectively the part played by each so that the reader may judge the merits of each. Early Pioneers of conversation among Borlase and his associates, to all of which young Davy was an attentive listener. His interest was particularly aroused by the discussions of nitrous oxide which had been branded as dangerous by the American chemist and physician, Dr. Lantham Mitchell. The element of mystery and danger surrounding the gas intrigued Davy, and he began experimenting with it secretly. He first discovered that nitrous oxide induced a feeling of Humphrey Davy well being and cheerfulness which Humphrey Davy, at seventeen increased untilhe became convulsed years of age, became apprenticed with laughter. Hence the origin of to John Bingham Borlase, a promthe term "laughing gas." inent surgeon of Penzance. At this Davy's experimental work on time many newly discovered gases gases was brought to the attention were being used in medicine for the of Dr. Beddoes, head of the Pneutreatment of diseases and hence matic Institute of Clifton, who furnished the most frequent topicSpromptly offered him the post of
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2002
AIDS, 2003
Decreased expression of activation markers on CD4 T lymphocytes of HIV-infected long-term nonprog... more Decreased expression of activation markers on CD4 T lymphocytes of HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors Recent cross-sectional studies have reported strong CD4 T helper type 1 cell responses to viruses in HIVinfected long-term non progressors (LTNP) [1,2]. It has been suggested that the loss of CD4 Th1 cell function in HIV-infected individuals is related to a process of the activation-induced death of CD4 Th1 cells [3]. In a cohort of LTNP, we have focused on the characterization of activated CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets that have been reported to have independent prognostic value for progression to AIDS [4,5]. In a 6year prospective study, we compared the baseline levels of T-cell subsets in LTNP and controls when enrolled into the study. We studied six HIV LTNP (mean age at diagnosis of HIV infection 24 years; standard error of mean, SE 1.5) with the following criteria: asymptomatic status, at least 8 years of documented HIV infection, CD4 T-cell number over 500 cells 3 10 6 /l from the detection of HIV infection (baseline levels when enrolled into the study and latest CD4 T-cell count values at the end of follow-up: 1152, SE 160 and 1079, SE 78 cells 3 10 6 /l, respectively, P ¼ 0.29) and an absence of previous antiretroviral therapy. The disease control group consisted of 10 asymptomatic HIV patients (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention category A1, mean age 23 years, SE 1.2) with a progressive course to more advanced stages of asymptomatic HIV infection, measured by a significant decline in CD4 T cells (baseline and latest CD4 T-cell count values: 646, SE 61 and 461, SE 28 cells 3 10 6 /l, respectively, P ¼ 0.027). The mean time of HIV infection at the time of the baseline immunological study was 5.3 years in asymptomatic progressors. LTNP and A1 progressors had a history of injecting drug use. Twenty-seven HIV-uninfected injecting drug users and 39 HIV-negative age-matched healthy volunteers were included as HIV-negative controls [6]. Baseline levels of HIV RNA were 791, SE 712 copies/ml and 1293, SE 556 copies/ml in LTNP and progressors, respectively (P. 0.05). None of the A1 progressors were receiving antiretroviral therapy at study entry, but seven started treatment during follow-up. Activated CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets were quantitated using three-colour flow cytometry (FACScan, Becton and Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA). We enumerated T cell subsets using fluorescein isothiocyanate/phycoerythrin/ peridin chlorophyll protein combinations of CD38/ HLA-DR/CD4 or CD8; CD38/CD45RO/CD4 or CD8; HLA-DR/CD45RO/CD4 or CD8; CD3 fluorescein isothiocyanate/CD4 peridin chlorophyll protein or CD8; CD45/CD14 and isotype controls. The plasma HIV-RNA level was measured using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Ultrasensitive Amplicor HIV Test, Roche Molecular Systems, Branchburg, NJ, USA). Comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney test.