Harry Cullinan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Harry Cullinan

Research paper thumbnail of The effect on sheet properties of residence time and impact distribution in flow - through refiners

In continuous refining operations, individual particles spend varying lengths of time in the refi... more In continuous refining operations, individual particles spend varying lengths of time in the refining zone and experience differing numbers of impacts (or discrete refining events). It is shown that, rather generally, the distributions of residence time and impacts have only a small effect on the development of sheet properties.

Research paper thumbnail of On the efficiency of brownstock washing on rotary filters

For brownstock washing on rotary filters, the local, stage and overall efficiencies are defined. ... more For brownstock washing on rotary filters, the local, stage and overall efficiencies are defined. These form a hierarchy beginning with the most fundamental, the local efficiency, which is directly related to the rates of the underlying separation processes. Next is the stage efficiency which is most useful in characterizing the performance of a given filter stage. Finally, there is the overall efficiency which contains no detail about the process, but is simply a ratio of numbers of hypothetical to actual stages. The three efficiencies are related one to another without ambiguity. Single stage material balances are performed. These allow calculation of the stage efficiency in terms of the wash ratio, the recycle ratio and the local efficiency. A detailed analysis of mass transfer and fluid displacement in the wash zone is performed. This yields a simple, direct relationship between the local efficiency and the number of transfer units. This equation is modified to account for possible air entrainment in the pad which can render a portion of the shower water ineffective with respect to displacement. Performance equations are developed which give the wash loss directly in terms of wash ratio, stage efficiency and number of stages. Graphical depictions of calculation procedures are presented based on the concepts of operating and "Norden" lines. A minimum wash ratio is defined, and design equations yielding the required actual stages in terms of stage efficiency, wash loss and actual wash ratio are developed. The results compare very favorably with actual mill data.

Research paper thumbnail of A unified treatment of brownstock washing on rotary filters

Countercurrent washing of pulp on rotary filters is a mass transfer process which is amenable to ... more Countercurrent washing of pulp on rotary filters is a mass transfer process which is amenable to analysis by the classical techniques of nonequilibrium staged operations. Such analysis establishes the connections among the overall-, stage-, and local-efficiencies and the underlying mass transfer rate in the wash zone. Performance and design equations result which are simple and straightforward. Associated graphical depictions of the calculation scheme serve to aid in visualizing the concepts. Currently accepted methods are seen to fit into the present analysis at different levels. The results make clear where fundamental research ought to be focused.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of optimal poultry litter biorefinery location in Alabama through minimization of feedstock transportation cost

Environmental Progress, Dec 1, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Investigation of the thermodynamic behavior of the system, acetone-carbontetrachloride, by the equilibrium sedimentation technique

AIChE Journal, 1972

Investigation of the Thermodynamic Behavior of the System, Acetone-Carbontetrachloride, by the Eq... more Investigation of the Thermodynamic Behavior of the System, Acetone-Carbontetrachloride, by the Equilibrium Sedimentation Technique The equilibrium sedimentation technique for the direct determination of the chemical potential composition derivatives of a liquid mixture is applied to the binary system acetone-carbontetrachloride. Equilibrium concentration profiles obtained in an ultracentrifuge are used with the Wilson equation to quantitatively determine the composition variation of the activity coefficients over the entire range of composition. Results agree well with previous data and indicate the technique to be accurate and reliable.

Research paper thumbnail of An explicit formulation of the theory of cluster diffusion

AIChE Journal, 1985

In this note, the cluster diffusion concept of Cussler (1980) is modified and extended to produce... more In this note, the cluster diffusion concept of Cussler (1980) is modified and extended to produce a comprehensive description of binary mutual diffusion in liquid solutions. The result is a complete prediction of the composition and temperature variations of the product of the mutual diffusion coefficient and solution viscosity. With no adjustable parameters, the theory provides a direct relationship, which is not phenomenological in origin, between transport behavior and solution thermodynamics. The concept of cluster diffusion has its basis in the representation of the binary mutual diffusion coefficient in terms of the velocity and concentration correlation functions:

Research paper thumbnail of Transport of mass in ternary liquid-liquid systems. Part II. Mass transfer and interfacial studies

AIChE Journal, 1975

were used for this investigation. NOTATION 0, = delay time = constants A = coefficient matrix who... more were used for this investigation. NOTATION 0, = delay time = constants A = coefficient matrix whose (i , i) th element is Uij B = constant matrix whose (i , j) th element is uij c = reactant concentration C = constant matrix whose (i , j) t h element is @j &j2/2 G Transport of Mass in Ternary Liquid-Liquid Systems The diffusional behavior of the ternary partially miscible liquid system acetonitrile-benzene-n-heptane is investigated at 25OC using the diaphragm cell technique. The mutual diffusivity of the partially miscible binary system acetonitrile-n-heptane is found to be a strong function of concentration; the concentration dependence is described using a linear relationship. The diffusion coefficient matrix of the ternary system acetonitrile-benzene-n-heptane is determined at a number of points, and the ternary diffusion matrices are found to be significantly coupled with the off-diagonal elements of about 10 to 4 w 0 of the main diffusion coefficients.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of Flux Equations of Multicomponent Diffusion

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 1965

Research paper thumbnail of A Systematic Framework to Calculate Economic Value and Environmental Impact of Biorefining Technology

Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2009

... 10th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering - PSE2009 Rita Maria de BritoAlve... more ... 10th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering - PSE2009 Rita Maria de BritoAlves, Claudio Augusto Oller do Nascimento and Evaristo Chalbaud ... a , Wei Yuan a , Susilpa Bommareddy a , Mario R. Eden a , Burak Aksoy b , Harry Cullinan ba Auburn University ...

Research paper thumbnail of A flexible framework for optimal biorefinery product allocation

Environmental Progress, 2007

The integrated biorefinery has the opportunity to provide a strong, self-dependent, sustainable a... more The integrated biorefinery has the opportunity to provide a strong, self-dependent, sustainable alternative for the production of bulk and fine chemicals from polymers, fiber composites and pharmaceuticals to energy, liquid fuels and hydrogen. With such a wide range of processing steps and possible products, it is obvious that identification of the optimum process structure can not be done based on heuristics or rules of thumb. Depending on market prices and trends, the optimum allocation of resources and production capacity may switch between the different products. Thus there is a need for systematic, reliable methods capable of incorporating different levels of process detail in the decision making framework. In this work a mathematical optimization based framework is being developed, which enables the inclusion of profitability measures and other techno-economic metrics along with process insights and performance characteristics obtained from experimental and modeling studies. By utilizing process integration methods, the processing steps can be optimized to ensure efficient use of energy and materials resources. An inherent benefit of the proposed framework is the ability to adapt to new developments within any of the processing steps and thus also incorporate novel innovative production processes in the decision-making framework. In this way, experimental and theoretical efforts can supplement each other in a synergistic manner, by providing direction and data for continued work. This contribution will illustrate the strategy for developing the decision making framework and highlight the applicability of the methods by proof of concept examples and case studies.

Research paper thumbnail of The concept of ultimate volume of liquid mixtures

Research paper thumbnail of A principle of equivalent states for transport properties of multicomponent liquid systems

The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1971

number of solute components flow rate of foam liquid from cell (cc/min.) flow rate of gas to cell... more number of solute components flow rate of foam liquid from cell (cc/min.) flow rate of gas to cell (cc/min) flow rate of outlet stream from cell (cc/min) flow rateof inlet stream to cell (cc/min) gas constant (ergs/g-mole "K) absolute temperature (OK) distance along the path of the bubble in the liquid (m) Greek symbols y = interfacial tension (dynes/cm) r = surface excess of Mg on bubble a t arbitrary point in solution (g-moles/cm2) ri = surface excess of e"h component (g-moles/cm2) ro = surface excess of Mg in the oyerhead (g-moles/cmZ) r05 = surface excess of surfactant in the overhead (g-moles/ cma) rosxo = surface excess of surfactant in the overhead attributable to the M Z (O H)~ particles (g-moles/cm*) r s = surface excess (g-mo1es/cm2)

Research paper thumbnail of Polysulfide-borohydride modification of southern pine alkaline pulping integrated with hydrothermal pre-extraction of hemicelluloses

July 2011

We studied three process modifications to investigate their effects on the property and yield rec... more We studied three process modifications to investigate their effects on the property and yield recovery capabilities of kraft pulping integrated with hemicellulose pre-extraction of southern pine. Loblolly pine chips were pre-extracted with hot water until the sugar extraction yield reached the targeted value of 10% and then subjected to conventional and modified kraft pulping. Modification included polysulfide pretreatment; polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment, and polysulfide followed by polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment two-stage pretreatments prior to kraft pulping. In the first modification, about 5% of the lost pulp yield (total 7%) caused by hemicellulose pre-extraction could be recovered with 15%-20% polysulfide pretreatment. Complete recovery (7%) was achieved with simultaneous pretreatment using 15% polysulfide and 0.5% sodium borohydride with 0.1% anthraquinone in polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment. Two-stage pretreatment using recy...

Research paper thumbnail of Composition Dependence of Viscosity of Binary Liquid Systems

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals

ABSTRACT The statistical mechanical theory of transport in liquid mixtures is used to develop a p... more ABSTRACT The statistical mechanical theory of transport in liquid mixtures is used to develop a predictive relationship for the variation of the shear viscosity of binary liquid systems based on previous work on the binary diffusion coefficient. The relationship is expected to be valid for systems which are approximately regular in the thermodynamic sense. Comparison with experimental data indicates excellent agreement for a variety of binary systems.

Research paper thumbnail of Concentration Dependence of the Binary Diffusion Coefficient

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals

Research paper thumbnail of Composition Dependence of Binary Diffusion Coefficient

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals

Research paper thumbnail of Stagewise Countercurrent Washing of Chemical Pulp: A Multicomponent Mass Transfer Analysis

Chem Eng Commun, 1979

... Teollisuus, 23, 586 (1966). 8. Norden, HV, and Tiainen, P., "Proceedings of the Symposiu... more ... Teollisuus, 23, 586 (1966). 8. Norden, HV, and Tiainen, P., "Proceedings of the Symposium on Recovery of Pulping Chemicals," p. 47, Helsinki, 1968. 9. Norden, HV, Pohjola, VJ, and Seppanen, R., Pulp Paper Mag. Can., 74 (10), T329 (1973). 10. ...

Research paper thumbnail of The efficiency of pulp washing with regard to lignin removal

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of the Thermodynamic Contribution to the Diffusion Coefficient Matrix of a Ternary Liquid System

Industrial Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 1971

Research paper thumbnail of Variation of Liquid Diffusion Coefficients with Composition. Dilute Ternary Systems

Industrial Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 1970

Research paper thumbnail of The effect on sheet properties of residence time and impact distribution in flow - through refiners

In continuous refining operations, individual particles spend varying lengths of time in the refi... more In continuous refining operations, individual particles spend varying lengths of time in the refining zone and experience differing numbers of impacts (or discrete refining events). It is shown that, rather generally, the distributions of residence time and impacts have only a small effect on the development of sheet properties.

Research paper thumbnail of On the efficiency of brownstock washing on rotary filters

For brownstock washing on rotary filters, the local, stage and overall efficiencies are defined. ... more For brownstock washing on rotary filters, the local, stage and overall efficiencies are defined. These form a hierarchy beginning with the most fundamental, the local efficiency, which is directly related to the rates of the underlying separation processes. Next is the stage efficiency which is most useful in characterizing the performance of a given filter stage. Finally, there is the overall efficiency which contains no detail about the process, but is simply a ratio of numbers of hypothetical to actual stages. The three efficiencies are related one to another without ambiguity. Single stage material balances are performed. These allow calculation of the stage efficiency in terms of the wash ratio, the recycle ratio and the local efficiency. A detailed analysis of mass transfer and fluid displacement in the wash zone is performed. This yields a simple, direct relationship between the local efficiency and the number of transfer units. This equation is modified to account for possible air entrainment in the pad which can render a portion of the shower water ineffective with respect to displacement. Performance equations are developed which give the wash loss directly in terms of wash ratio, stage efficiency and number of stages. Graphical depictions of calculation procedures are presented based on the concepts of operating and "Norden" lines. A minimum wash ratio is defined, and design equations yielding the required actual stages in terms of stage efficiency, wash loss and actual wash ratio are developed. The results compare very favorably with actual mill data.

Research paper thumbnail of A unified treatment of brownstock washing on rotary filters

Countercurrent washing of pulp on rotary filters is a mass transfer process which is amenable to ... more Countercurrent washing of pulp on rotary filters is a mass transfer process which is amenable to analysis by the classical techniques of nonequilibrium staged operations. Such analysis establishes the connections among the overall-, stage-, and local-efficiencies and the underlying mass transfer rate in the wash zone. Performance and design equations result which are simple and straightforward. Associated graphical depictions of the calculation scheme serve to aid in visualizing the concepts. Currently accepted methods are seen to fit into the present analysis at different levels. The results make clear where fundamental research ought to be focused.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of optimal poultry litter biorefinery location in Alabama through minimization of feedstock transportation cost

Environmental Progress, Dec 1, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Investigation of the thermodynamic behavior of the system, acetone-carbontetrachloride, by the equilibrium sedimentation technique

AIChE Journal, 1972

Investigation of the Thermodynamic Behavior of the System, Acetone-Carbontetrachloride, by the Eq... more Investigation of the Thermodynamic Behavior of the System, Acetone-Carbontetrachloride, by the Equilibrium Sedimentation Technique The equilibrium sedimentation technique for the direct determination of the chemical potential composition derivatives of a liquid mixture is applied to the binary system acetone-carbontetrachloride. Equilibrium concentration profiles obtained in an ultracentrifuge are used with the Wilson equation to quantitatively determine the composition variation of the activity coefficients over the entire range of composition. Results agree well with previous data and indicate the technique to be accurate and reliable.

Research paper thumbnail of An explicit formulation of the theory of cluster diffusion

AIChE Journal, 1985

In this note, the cluster diffusion concept of Cussler (1980) is modified and extended to produce... more In this note, the cluster diffusion concept of Cussler (1980) is modified and extended to produce a comprehensive description of binary mutual diffusion in liquid solutions. The result is a complete prediction of the composition and temperature variations of the product of the mutual diffusion coefficient and solution viscosity. With no adjustable parameters, the theory provides a direct relationship, which is not phenomenological in origin, between transport behavior and solution thermodynamics. The concept of cluster diffusion has its basis in the representation of the binary mutual diffusion coefficient in terms of the velocity and concentration correlation functions:

Research paper thumbnail of Transport of mass in ternary liquid-liquid systems. Part II. Mass transfer and interfacial studies

AIChE Journal, 1975

were used for this investigation. NOTATION 0, = delay time = constants A = coefficient matrix who... more were used for this investigation. NOTATION 0, = delay time = constants A = coefficient matrix whose (i , i) th element is Uij B = constant matrix whose (i , j) th element is uij c = reactant concentration C = constant matrix whose (i , j) t h element is @j &j2/2 G Transport of Mass in Ternary Liquid-Liquid Systems The diffusional behavior of the ternary partially miscible liquid system acetonitrile-benzene-n-heptane is investigated at 25OC using the diaphragm cell technique. The mutual diffusivity of the partially miscible binary system acetonitrile-n-heptane is found to be a strong function of concentration; the concentration dependence is described using a linear relationship. The diffusion coefficient matrix of the ternary system acetonitrile-benzene-n-heptane is determined at a number of points, and the ternary diffusion matrices are found to be significantly coupled with the off-diagonal elements of about 10 to 4 w 0 of the main diffusion coefficients.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of Flux Equations of Multicomponent Diffusion

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 1965

Research paper thumbnail of A Systematic Framework to Calculate Economic Value and Environmental Impact of Biorefining Technology

Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2009

... 10th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering - PSE2009 Rita Maria de BritoAlve... more ... 10th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering - PSE2009 Rita Maria de BritoAlves, Claudio Augusto Oller do Nascimento and Evaristo Chalbaud ... a , Wei Yuan a , Susilpa Bommareddy a , Mario R. Eden a , Burak Aksoy b , Harry Cullinan ba Auburn University ...

Research paper thumbnail of A flexible framework for optimal biorefinery product allocation

Environmental Progress, 2007

The integrated biorefinery has the opportunity to provide a strong, self-dependent, sustainable a... more The integrated biorefinery has the opportunity to provide a strong, self-dependent, sustainable alternative for the production of bulk and fine chemicals from polymers, fiber composites and pharmaceuticals to energy, liquid fuels and hydrogen. With such a wide range of processing steps and possible products, it is obvious that identification of the optimum process structure can not be done based on heuristics or rules of thumb. Depending on market prices and trends, the optimum allocation of resources and production capacity may switch between the different products. Thus there is a need for systematic, reliable methods capable of incorporating different levels of process detail in the decision making framework. In this work a mathematical optimization based framework is being developed, which enables the inclusion of profitability measures and other techno-economic metrics along with process insights and performance characteristics obtained from experimental and modeling studies. By utilizing process integration methods, the processing steps can be optimized to ensure efficient use of energy and materials resources. An inherent benefit of the proposed framework is the ability to adapt to new developments within any of the processing steps and thus also incorporate novel innovative production processes in the decision-making framework. In this way, experimental and theoretical efforts can supplement each other in a synergistic manner, by providing direction and data for continued work. This contribution will illustrate the strategy for developing the decision making framework and highlight the applicability of the methods by proof of concept examples and case studies.

Research paper thumbnail of The concept of ultimate volume of liquid mixtures

Research paper thumbnail of A principle of equivalent states for transport properties of multicomponent liquid systems

The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1971

number of solute components flow rate of foam liquid from cell (cc/min.) flow rate of gas to cell... more number of solute components flow rate of foam liquid from cell (cc/min.) flow rate of gas to cell (cc/min) flow rate of outlet stream from cell (cc/min) flow rateof inlet stream to cell (cc/min) gas constant (ergs/g-mole "K) absolute temperature (OK) distance along the path of the bubble in the liquid (m) Greek symbols y = interfacial tension (dynes/cm) r = surface excess of Mg on bubble a t arbitrary point in solution (g-moles/cm2) ri = surface excess of e"h component (g-moles/cm2) ro = surface excess of Mg in the oyerhead (g-moles/cmZ) r05 = surface excess of surfactant in the overhead (g-moles/ cma) rosxo = surface excess of surfactant in the overhead attributable to the M Z (O H)~ particles (g-moles/cm*) r s = surface excess (g-mo1es/cm2)

Research paper thumbnail of Polysulfide-borohydride modification of southern pine alkaline pulping integrated with hydrothermal pre-extraction of hemicelluloses

July 2011

We studied three process modifications to investigate their effects on the property and yield rec... more We studied three process modifications to investigate their effects on the property and yield recovery capabilities of kraft pulping integrated with hemicellulose pre-extraction of southern pine. Loblolly pine chips were pre-extracted with hot water until the sugar extraction yield reached the targeted value of 10% and then subjected to conventional and modified kraft pulping. Modification included polysulfide pretreatment; polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment, and polysulfide followed by polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment two-stage pretreatments prior to kraft pulping. In the first modification, about 5% of the lost pulp yield (total 7%) caused by hemicellulose pre-extraction could be recovered with 15%-20% polysulfide pretreatment. Complete recovery (7%) was achieved with simultaneous pretreatment using 15% polysulfide and 0.5% sodium borohydride with 0.1% anthraquinone in polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment. Two-stage pretreatment using recy...

Research paper thumbnail of Composition Dependence of Viscosity of Binary Liquid Systems

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals

ABSTRACT The statistical mechanical theory of transport in liquid mixtures is used to develop a p... more ABSTRACT The statistical mechanical theory of transport in liquid mixtures is used to develop a predictive relationship for the variation of the shear viscosity of binary liquid systems based on previous work on the binary diffusion coefficient. The relationship is expected to be valid for systems which are approximately regular in the thermodynamic sense. Comparison with experimental data indicates excellent agreement for a variety of binary systems.

Research paper thumbnail of Concentration Dependence of the Binary Diffusion Coefficient

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals

Research paper thumbnail of Composition Dependence of Binary Diffusion Coefficient

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals

Research paper thumbnail of Stagewise Countercurrent Washing of Chemical Pulp: A Multicomponent Mass Transfer Analysis

Chem Eng Commun, 1979

... Teollisuus, 23, 586 (1966). 8. Norden, HV, and Tiainen, P., "Proceedings of the Symposiu... more ... Teollisuus, 23, 586 (1966). 8. Norden, HV, and Tiainen, P., "Proceedings of the Symposium on Recovery of Pulping Chemicals," p. 47, Helsinki, 1968. 9. Norden, HV, Pohjola, VJ, and Seppanen, R., Pulp Paper Mag. Can., 74 (10), T329 (1973). 10. ...

Research paper thumbnail of The efficiency of pulp washing with regard to lignin removal

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of the Thermodynamic Contribution to the Diffusion Coefficient Matrix of a Ternary Liquid System

Industrial Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 1971

Research paper thumbnail of Variation of Liquid Diffusion Coefficients with Composition. Dilute Ternary Systems

Industrial Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 1970