Hartmut Gaese - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Hartmut Gaese
Agricultural Engineering International Cigr Journal, Dec 30, 2008
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Iahs Red Book Series Iahs Publication, 2010
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Land use intensification, urbanisation processes and the construction of the largest Brazilian pe... more Land use intensification, urbanisation processes and the construction of the largest Brazilian petrochemical complex in Rio de Janeiro are driving ecosystem services degradation in the Guapi-Macacu watershed. This watershed supplies 2.5 million urban water users and sustains farming systems, relevant for national and local food supply-related governmental programmes. Development pressures will probably increase further the demand for watershed services and threaten local food production by rising labour costs in the agricultural sector. Paying farmers to restore watershed services has been proposed to secure long-term water supply. This study quantifies the costs of changing current land use patterns to enhance watershed services and compares these to avoided water treatment costs considering tradeoffs with food provision. We use farm-household data to estimate the opportunity costs of land use changes that are known to improve water quality. Opportunity cost estimates are extrapola...
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Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2014
ABSTRACT Runoff water management is among the inherent challenges which face the sustainability o... more ABSTRACT Runoff water management is among the inherent challenges which face the sustainability of the development of arid urban centers. These areas are particularly at risk from flooding due to rainfall concentration in few heavy showers. On the other hand, they are susceptible to drought. The capital of Sudan (Khartoum) stands as exemplary for these issues. Hence, this research study aims at investigating the potential of applying rainwater harvesting (RWH) in Khartoum City Center as a potential urban runoff management tool. Rapid urbanization coupled with the extension of impervious surfaces has intensified the heat island in Khartoum. Consequently, increased frequency of heat waves and dust storms during the dry summer and streets flooding during the rainy season have led to environmental, economical, and health problems. The study starts with exposing the rainfall behavior in Khartoum by investigating rainfall variability, number of raindays, distribution of rain over the season, probability of daily rainfall, maximum daily rainfall and deficit/surplus of rain through time. The daily rainfall data show that very strong falls of >30 mm occur almost once every wet season. Decreased intra- and inter-annual rainfall surpluses as well as increased rainfall concentration in the month of August have been taking place. The 30-year rainfall variability is calculated at decade interval since 1941. Increasing variability is revealed with 1981–2010 having coefficients of variation of 66.6% for the annual values and 108.8–118.0% for the wettest months (July–September). Under the aforementioned rainfall conditions, this paper then explores the potential of RWH in Khartoum City Center as an option for storm water management since the drainage system covers only 40% of the study area. The potential runoff from the 6.5 km2 center area is computed using the United States Natural Resources Conservation Services method (US-NRCS), where a weighted Curve Number (CN) of 94% is found, confirming dominant imperviousness. Rainfall threshold for runoff generation is found to be 3.3 mm. A 24,000 m3 runoff generated from a 13.1 mm rainfall (with 80% probability and one year return period) equals the drainage system capacity. An extreme rainfall of 30 mm produces a runoff equivalent to fourfold the drainage capacity. It is suggested that the former and latter volumes mentioned above could be harvested by applying the rational method from 18% and 80% rooftops of the commercial and business district area, respectively. Based on the above results, six potential sites can be chosen for RWH with a total roof catchment area of 39,558 m2 and potential rooftop RWH per unit area of 0.033 m3. These results reflect the RWH potential for effective urban runoff management and better water resources utilization. RWH would provide an alternative source of water to tackle the drought phenomenon.
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Manmade fragmentation of the Brazilian Atlantic forest poses a serious threat to the biodiversity... more Manmade fragmentation of the Brazilian Atlantic forest poses a serious threat to the biodiversity of the various ecosystems of this unique biome. To counteract this fragmentation process, the Serra dos Órgãos National Park initiated an expansion project aiming at the inclusion of the adjacent Serra da Estrela mountain range into the National Park area. This work analyzes this region from two different points of view to define the most suitable expansion possibility. The protection suitability evaluation assesses the individual landscape patches according to their ecological value. The urbanization suitability evaluation assesses the same landscape patches according to their suitability for future urban growth. To calculate the suitability for protection, as well as urbanization, the method of Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) is applied. The results of the two suitability evaluations are combined and analyzed to identify core areas and conflict zones of the potential expansion area of...
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Natural resources journal
In this paper, different aspects of development sustainability will be highlighted by stressing t... more In this paper, different aspects of development sustainability will be highlighted by stressing the fact that even the smartest drivers are necessarily characterized by the continuous uncertainty we all must live with. Different development drivers will be illustrated in the field of agriculture, nature and environment, all attempting to weigh the contradicting, even conflicting parameters of life and decay. Agricultural sustainability drivers will encompass human, cultural, social and political aspects together with components of metabolism, genetics, energy, environment and farm management. It will be concluded that each sustainability approach should be precisely documented using exact parameters and not unproven social or emotional attributes. Quantitative cost to benefit ratios will be proposed as sustainability indicators. In short, sustainability is an ideal state in the area of conflict between environmental change, evolution of life and thermodynamic laws. It cannot be defi...
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Ecological Processes, 2014
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Water Resources Management, 2010
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Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2012
Changes in hydro-meteorological historical records are of considerable importance for future plan... more Changes in hydro-meteorological historical records are of considerable importance for future planning. This study analyses trends of hydro-climatological indices of annual and seasonal precipitation, temperature and discharge in the “Norte Chico” region of Chile (29–32°S), located in the Central Andes. It addresses how these trends possibly impacted on the water resources in a nival regime, typical for arid mountainous regions.
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Hydrological Sciences Journal-journal Des Sciences Hydrologiques, 2010
Downscaling of atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) is necessary to transfer pred... more Downscaling of atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) is necessary to transfer predictions of potential climate change scenarios to local levels. This is of special interest in dry mountainous areas, which are particularly vulnerable to climate change due to risks of reduced freshwater availability. These areas play a key role in hydrology, since they usually receive the highest local precipitation amounts,
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tropentag.de
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Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2011
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Agricultural Engineering International Cigr Journal, Dec 30, 2008
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Iahs Red Book Series Iahs Publication, 2010
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Land use intensification, urbanisation processes and the construction of the largest Brazilian pe... more Land use intensification, urbanisation processes and the construction of the largest Brazilian petrochemical complex in Rio de Janeiro are driving ecosystem services degradation in the Guapi-Macacu watershed. This watershed supplies 2.5 million urban water users and sustains farming systems, relevant for national and local food supply-related governmental programmes. Development pressures will probably increase further the demand for watershed services and threaten local food production by rising labour costs in the agricultural sector. Paying farmers to restore watershed services has been proposed to secure long-term water supply. This study quantifies the costs of changing current land use patterns to enhance watershed services and compares these to avoided water treatment costs considering tradeoffs with food provision. We use farm-household data to estimate the opportunity costs of land use changes that are known to improve water quality. Opportunity cost estimates are extrapola...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2014
ABSTRACT Runoff water management is among the inherent challenges which face the sustainability o... more ABSTRACT Runoff water management is among the inherent challenges which face the sustainability of the development of arid urban centers. These areas are particularly at risk from flooding due to rainfall concentration in few heavy showers. On the other hand, they are susceptible to drought. The capital of Sudan (Khartoum) stands as exemplary for these issues. Hence, this research study aims at investigating the potential of applying rainwater harvesting (RWH) in Khartoum City Center as a potential urban runoff management tool. Rapid urbanization coupled with the extension of impervious surfaces has intensified the heat island in Khartoum. Consequently, increased frequency of heat waves and dust storms during the dry summer and streets flooding during the rainy season have led to environmental, economical, and health problems. The study starts with exposing the rainfall behavior in Khartoum by investigating rainfall variability, number of raindays, distribution of rain over the season, probability of daily rainfall, maximum daily rainfall and deficit/surplus of rain through time. The daily rainfall data show that very strong falls of >30 mm occur almost once every wet season. Decreased intra- and inter-annual rainfall surpluses as well as increased rainfall concentration in the month of August have been taking place. The 30-year rainfall variability is calculated at decade interval since 1941. Increasing variability is revealed with 1981–2010 having coefficients of variation of 66.6% for the annual values and 108.8–118.0% for the wettest months (July–September). Under the aforementioned rainfall conditions, this paper then explores the potential of RWH in Khartoum City Center as an option for storm water management since the drainage system covers only 40% of the study area. The potential runoff from the 6.5 km2 center area is computed using the United States Natural Resources Conservation Services method (US-NRCS), where a weighted Curve Number (CN) of 94% is found, confirming dominant imperviousness. Rainfall threshold for runoff generation is found to be 3.3 mm. A 24,000 m3 runoff generated from a 13.1 mm rainfall (with 80% probability and one year return period) equals the drainage system capacity. An extreme rainfall of 30 mm produces a runoff equivalent to fourfold the drainage capacity. It is suggested that the former and latter volumes mentioned above could be harvested by applying the rational method from 18% and 80% rooftops of the commercial and business district area, respectively. Based on the above results, six potential sites can be chosen for RWH with a total roof catchment area of 39,558 m2 and potential rooftop RWH per unit area of 0.033 m3. These results reflect the RWH potential for effective urban runoff management and better water resources utilization. RWH would provide an alternative source of water to tackle the drought phenomenon.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Manmade fragmentation of the Brazilian Atlantic forest poses a serious threat to the biodiversity... more Manmade fragmentation of the Brazilian Atlantic forest poses a serious threat to the biodiversity of the various ecosystems of this unique biome. To counteract this fragmentation process, the Serra dos Órgãos National Park initiated an expansion project aiming at the inclusion of the adjacent Serra da Estrela mountain range into the National Park area. This work analyzes this region from two different points of view to define the most suitable expansion possibility. The protection suitability evaluation assesses the individual landscape patches according to their ecological value. The urbanization suitability evaluation assesses the same landscape patches according to their suitability for future urban growth. To calculate the suitability for protection, as well as urbanization, the method of Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) is applied. The results of the two suitability evaluations are combined and analyzed to identify core areas and conflict zones of the potential expansion area of...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Natural resources journal
In this paper, different aspects of development sustainability will be highlighted by stressing t... more In this paper, different aspects of development sustainability will be highlighted by stressing the fact that even the smartest drivers are necessarily characterized by the continuous uncertainty we all must live with. Different development drivers will be illustrated in the field of agriculture, nature and environment, all attempting to weigh the contradicting, even conflicting parameters of life and decay. Agricultural sustainability drivers will encompass human, cultural, social and political aspects together with components of metabolism, genetics, energy, environment and farm management. It will be concluded that each sustainability approach should be precisely documented using exact parameters and not unproven social or emotional attributes. Quantitative cost to benefit ratios will be proposed as sustainability indicators. In short, sustainability is an ideal state in the area of conflict between environmental change, evolution of life and thermodynamic laws. It cannot be defi...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Ecological Processes, 2014
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Water Resources Management, 2010
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Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2012
Changes in hydro-meteorological historical records are of considerable importance for future plan... more Changes in hydro-meteorological historical records are of considerable importance for future planning. This study analyses trends of hydro-climatological indices of annual and seasonal precipitation, temperature and discharge in the “Norte Chico” region of Chile (29–32°S), located in the Central Andes. It addresses how these trends possibly impacted on the water resources in a nival regime, typical for arid mountainous regions.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Hydrological Sciences Journal-journal Des Sciences Hydrologiques, 2010
Downscaling of atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) is necessary to transfer pred... more Downscaling of atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) is necessary to transfer predictions of potential climate change scenarios to local levels. This is of special interest in dry mountainous areas, which are particularly vulnerable to climate change due to risks of reduced freshwater availability. These areas play a key role in hydrology, since they usually receive the highest local precipitation amounts,
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
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tropentag.de
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Chapter
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Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2011
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