Haruna Sani - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Haruna Sani
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials
This article presents an overview of the research on the effects of internal curing (IC) on ultra... more This article presents an overview of the research on the effects of internal curing (IC) on ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). The process of adding a curing ingredient to the concrete mixture to serve as a water reservoir is known as internal curing. IC is a viable technique for supplying additional water for curing cement-based material with lower water-to-binder concrete. It is distinct from externally applied curing. The water meant for internal water curing is dispersed within the concrete after it hardened and facilitated the hydration process. It was used to minimize self-desiccation and shrinkage in UHPC. Based on the reviewed literature, an exchange between mechanical characteristics and autogenous shrinkage for concrete was observed for internally cured UHPC. Even though IC affects the mechanical characteristics, after 28 days, it was possible to achieve a compressive strength of over 150 MPa. Thermal curing was found to exhibit a remarkable effect on the development ...
REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE
Due to their advantages such as high tensile strength, low cost of production, easy manufacturing... more Due to their advantages such as high tensile strength, low cost of production, easy manufacturing methods, and ease of use, cementitious materials are extensively utilized in the construction industry. The applications of nanomaterials in cementitious materials have been found to enhance their properties. It allows molecular changes to improve the material behaviour and the performance of civil infrastructure structures, including buildings and highways. Owing to the high ductility of polyvinyl alcohol-engineered cementitious composites (ECCs), it was suggested to be used in steel-reinforced structural elements to enhance the strength and ductility of the components. The presence of hybrid fibres provided increased shattering resistance with decreased scabbing, spalling, destruction, and damage zone and better absorption of energy through distributed microcracking. The presence of nanomaterials in ECCs modifies its atomic macroscopic scales, enhancing its mechanical and microstructu...
This article presents an overview of the research on the effects of internal curing (IC) on ultra... more This article presents an overview of the research on the effects of internal curing (IC) on ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). The process of adding a curing ingredient to the concrete mixture to serve as a water reservoir is known as internal curing. IC is a viable technique for supplying additional water for curing cementbased material with lower water-to-binder concrete. It is distinct from externally applied curing. The water meant for internal water curing is dispersed within the concrete after it hardened and facilitated the hydration process. It was used to minimize self-desiccation and shrinkage in UHPC. Based on the reviewed literature, an exchange between mechanical characteristics and autogenous shrinkage for concrete was observed for internally cured UHPC. Even though IC affects the mechanical characteristics, after 28 days, it was possible to achieve a compressive strength of over 150 MPa. Thermal curing was found to exhibit a remarkable effect on the development of UHPC strength. Experimental findings revealed that using pre-saturated aggregates for IC improves the tensile strength of UHPC. The scanning electron microscope images revealed that the bulk of the voids within the super-absorbent polymer cavities are filled with portlandite.
Due to their advantages such as high tensile strength, low cost of production, easy manufacturing... more Due to their advantages such as high tensile strength, low cost of production, easy manufacturing methods, and ease of use, cementitious materials are extensively utilized in the construction industry. The applications of nanomaterials in cementitious materials have been found to enhance their properties. It allows molecular changes to improve the material behaviour and the performance of civil infrastructure structures, including buildings and highways. Owing to the high ductility of polyvinyl alcohol-engineered cementitious composites (ECCs), it was suggested to be used in steelreinforced structural elements to enhance the strength and ductility of the components. The presence of hybrid fibres provided increased shattering resistance with decreased scabbing, spalling, destruction, and damage zone and better absorption of energy through distributed microcracking. The presence of nanomaterials in ECCs modifies its atomic macroscopic scales, enhancing its mechanical and microstructural properties. The versatile properties of nanomaterials offer immense potential to cementitious composite for structural applications.
In this article, strength development high calcium fly ash geopolymer mortar cured at ambient tem... more In this article, strength development high calcium fly ash geopolymer mortar cured at ambient temperature was investigated. The outcome of HCFA fly ash geopolymer mortars on the flow ability and strength improvement of geopolymer mortars were predicted by an established statistical models using response surface methodology (RSM). The ambient cured geopolymer mortars were triggered with a solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate. The investigation reveals that increase in alkaline solution to binder ratio reduces the compressive strength of the mortars and subsequently improves the workability. All the geopolymer mortars were able to achieve more than 15 N/mm 2 at an early age. At 28 days curing, the compressive strength of outdoor curing range between 30 to 70 N/mm 2 for all the mixes. All the models developed appeared to be significant with percentage error of less than 5%. The predicted and real data’s were found to be in good agreement. It Effect of Water-Binder Ra...
This paper presents the study on the flexural behaviour of bamboo reinforced coconut shell aggreg... more This paper presents the study on the flexural behaviour of bamboo reinforced coconut shell aggregate concrete beams together with normal weight concrete beams (NWCB). The grade of coconut shell aggregate concrete, a lightweight concrete (LWC) produced using coconut shell aggregate obtained from agricultural waste as lightweight aggregate, referred to here as CSC was 20N/mm at 28 days. The grade for normal weight concrete was 20N/mm using conventional stone aggregates. The beams prepared for study were of size 150 mm x 250 mm x 1500 mm and tested in flexure. Three beams were of normal weight concrete with steel reinforcement (NWCB), three beams were of CSC with steel reinforcement (CSCB), three beams were of CSC with split bamboo as reinforcement (BCSC) and three beams were of CSC with split bamboo wrapped with binding wire as reinforcement (BCSCB) totally twelve (12) beams were tested and their behaviour was reported. From the experimental results, it was observed that the load carr...
Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2021
Abstract Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete used for stormwater management due to it... more Abstract Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete used for stormwater management due to its high porosity and permeability. However, the large pores in pervious concrete resulted to its low mechanical strength. Moreover, the emissions of greenhouse gases from Portland cement (PC) production are high and contribute to climate changes leading to climate change. Calcium carbide waste (CCW) and rice husk ash (RHA) were used as supplementary cementitious material to partially replace Portland cement by 5%, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %. Response Surface Methodology was used to design the experiments and develop models for predicting the water absorption and permeability of PC. The properties of the developed pervious concrete like water permeability and water absorption were investigated. The most vital property of the pervious concrete is water-permeability. The result findings showed that both RHA and CCW have negative effect on the durability of PC, with RHA having the worst effect. The RSM models developed showed a high degree of correlation between the variables and the responses. The optimized variables which give the best durability performance was a combination of 0% RHA and 5% CCW having the following properties, water permeability between 0.96 cm/s and water absorption of 4.338 %. The developed models can be used for predicting the permeability and water absorption capacity of pervious concrete.
Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2020
Journal of Infrastructure & Facility Asset Management, 2020
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 2020
Energy performance in the construction industry is one of the significant features to be assessed... more Energy performance in the construction industry is one of the significant features to be assessed in order to achieve sustainability in the built environment. There is a limited amount of literature on the analytical network process (ANP) in achieving sustainability towards reducing embodied energy. The aim of this study was to achieve buildings with less embodied energy through design, construction techniques and automation using ANP in order to promote sustainable construction. Data collection was primarily done by way of a well-structured questionnaire and an expert opinion survey. The responses retrieved from the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ranked accordingly. An ANP model was developed using multi-criteria decision-making based on the expert survey and used to prioritize and assign an important weighting for the identified criteria. The findings showed that multi-criteria decision-making with ANP when effectively employed will help in achieving ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
In this present experimental study, high calcium fly ash was utilized in the production of one-pa... more In this present experimental study, high calcium fly ash was utilized in the production of one-part alkali activated mortars. The HCFA was activated with anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder at 10 – 20 percent of the total precursor materials and cured at ambient condition. In this study, granular anhydrous sodium metasilicate has been successfully utilized to produce one-part alkali activated mortars. Thirteen mixes of one-part geopolymer mortar were designed using RSM central composite design with percentage of alkali activator and w/b ratios as parameters. Hardened density, workability, and, compressive strength was envisaged. The results showed that increasing the granular activator beyond 15% by weight of the fly ash reduces the strength and workability of the one-part alkali activated mortars. The RSM investigation helped in advancing the level of granular activator as far as acquiring ideal qualities and they were observed to be ideal at 16% of the granular activator and 0.3 ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Sustainable design, material selection and manufacturing of building materials serve as an import... more Sustainable design, material selection and manufacturing of building materials serve as an important aspects of building project. Recent design decision, material selection and material manufacturing procedures fail to provide remedy to the environmental impacts caused in terms of carbon footprint and embodied energy. The research report in this paper was to address the issue in the Malaysia construction industry. This paper presented an Analytical Network Process (ANP) which is a multi-criteria decision-making technique to determine the effective strategy for material impact towards the environment with respect to design, selection and manufacturing of the building material to develop a less embodied energy profile buildings. An expert opinion survey was conducted using a well-structured questionnaire which was scaled according to saaty’s with (1) equal importance to (9) extreme importance. Three (3) responses were received which satisfies Saaty’s assertion on ANP. The retrieved qu...
International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 2018
Sustainability, 2021
The existing form of self-compacting concrete (SCC) comprises of a large amount of powdered and f... more The existing form of self-compacting concrete (SCC) comprises of a large amount of powdered and fine materials. In this study, a part of the cementitious material was replaced with constant high-volume fly ash, and a portion of fine aggregates was substituted by crumb rubber (CR). Besides that, silica fume (SF) was added, with the hope that by implementing a new type of nanomaterial, the loss in mechanical strength due to previous modifications such as rubberization and replacement will be prevented. Two variables were found to influence the constituent/component in the mix design: SF and CR. The proportion of SF varies from 0% to 10%, while that of CR from 0% to 30% by volume of the total river sand, where 55% of cement was replaced by the fly ash. A total of 13 rubberized SCC samples with CR and SF as controlling variables were made, and their design mix was produced by a Design of Experiment (DOE) under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results reveal a slight increase ...
sustainability , 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete used for stormwater management due to its high po... more Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete used for stormwater management due to its high porosity and permeability. However, the large pores in pervious concrete resulted to its low mechanical strength. Moreover, the emissions of greenhouse gases from Portland cement (PC) production are high and contribute to climate changes leading to climate change. Calcium carbide waste (CCW) and rice husk ash (RHA) were used as supplementary cementitious material to partially replace Portland cement by 5%, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %. Response Surface Methodology was used to design the experiments and develop models for predicting the water absorption and permeability of PC. The properties of the developed pervious concrete like water permeability and water absorption were investigated. The most vital property of the pervious concrete is water-permeability. The result findings showed that both RHA and CCW have negative effect on the durability of PC, with RHA having the worst effect. The RSM models developed showed a high degree of correlation between the variables and the responses. The optimized variables which give the best durability performance was a combination of 0% RHA and 5% CCW having the following properties, water permeability between 0.96 cm/s and water absorption of 4.338 %. The developed models can be used for predicting the permeability and water absorption capacity of pervious concrete.
Case study in construction and building materials, 2020
The production of scrap rubber tyres is burgeoning at an alarming rate. Compared to toxic disposa... more The production of scrap rubber tyres is burgeoning at an alarming rate. Compared to toxic disposal methods that leave a trail of environmental issues, using scrap rubber tyres as a partial aggregate replacement in materials such as bitumen and concrete will address the heightening environmental effects. The usage of crumb rubber as partial fine aggregate replacement in Engineered Cementitious Concrete (ECC) is a sprouting new technique under many critiques and scientific analysis. This study encompasses a comprehensive investigation of the crumb rubber incorporated ECC in terms of its compressive strength, flexural strength, direct tensile strength, and deflection abilities by adding crumb rubber content as a replacement of fine aggregate, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and superplasticizers. Various mix designs were calculated by inputting the values into a Research Surface Methodology (RSM) to obtain a model for the optimal crumb rubber and PVA volumes to verify reliability. The results from the study revealed that crumb rubber reduced the compressive strength of the concrete, increased the flexural and tensile behaviour, shrinkage content, possessed a low modulus of elasticity, and high value of the Poisson's ratio. Finally, the relationship between independent factors and dependent responses were evaluated using ANOVA analysis and the models were found to be significant.
Journal of Infrastructure & Facility Asset Management, 2020
This paper investigated the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the setti... more This paper investigated the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the setting time and compressive strength of one-part geopolymer binders (OPGB). Powdered sodium metasilicate activator was utilized in the range of 8-16% by weight of the total binder. The central composite design method was used in designing the mixtures. Experimental investigation revealed that both the initial and final setting times of the OPGB decreased drastically with the increase in the GGBS and the activator content. The inclusion of GGBS in the binder influences the setting time of the binders thereby resulting in quick setting time. The variance analysis of the established models demonstrated that the setting and compressive strength models could be predicted using quadratic models with a high R 2 coefficient. Optimization results revealed that the optimum mixture can be obtained by substituting 95.8 % fly ash with GGBS and 13.4 % solid activator.
Materials, 2020
This paper reports the findings of the effect of elevated temperature on the compressive strength... more This paper reports the findings of the effect of elevated temperature on the compressive strength and durability properties of crumb rubber engineered cementitious composite (CR-ECC). The CR-ECC has been tested for its compressive strength and chemical resistance test against acid and sulphate attack. Different proportions of crumb rubber (CR) in partial replacement to the fine aggregate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber have been utilized from 0 to 5% and 0 to 2%. The experiments were designed based on a central composite design (CCD) technique of response surface methodology (RSM). After 28 days curing, the samples were preconditioned and exposed to high temperatures of 100 • C, 200 • C, 300 • C, 400 • C, 500 • C, 600 • C, 700 • C, 800 • C, 900 • C, and 1000 • C for one hour. Although the residual compressive strength of CR-ECC was negatively affected by elevated temperature, no explosive spalling was noticed for all mixes, even at 1000 • C. Results indicated that CR-ECC experiences slight weight gain and a reduction in strength when exposed to the acidic environment. Due to the reduced permeability, CR-ECC experienced less effect when in sulphate environment. The response models were generated and validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The difference between adjusted R-squared and predicted R-squared values for each model was less than 0.2, and they possess at least a 95% level of confidence.
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials
This article presents an overview of the research on the effects of internal curing (IC) on ultra... more This article presents an overview of the research on the effects of internal curing (IC) on ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). The process of adding a curing ingredient to the concrete mixture to serve as a water reservoir is known as internal curing. IC is a viable technique for supplying additional water for curing cement-based material with lower water-to-binder concrete. It is distinct from externally applied curing. The water meant for internal water curing is dispersed within the concrete after it hardened and facilitated the hydration process. It was used to minimize self-desiccation and shrinkage in UHPC. Based on the reviewed literature, an exchange between mechanical characteristics and autogenous shrinkage for concrete was observed for internally cured UHPC. Even though IC affects the mechanical characteristics, after 28 days, it was possible to achieve a compressive strength of over 150 MPa. Thermal curing was found to exhibit a remarkable effect on the development ...
REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE
Due to their advantages such as high tensile strength, low cost of production, easy manufacturing... more Due to their advantages such as high tensile strength, low cost of production, easy manufacturing methods, and ease of use, cementitious materials are extensively utilized in the construction industry. The applications of nanomaterials in cementitious materials have been found to enhance their properties. It allows molecular changes to improve the material behaviour and the performance of civil infrastructure structures, including buildings and highways. Owing to the high ductility of polyvinyl alcohol-engineered cementitious composites (ECCs), it was suggested to be used in steel-reinforced structural elements to enhance the strength and ductility of the components. The presence of hybrid fibres provided increased shattering resistance with decreased scabbing, spalling, destruction, and damage zone and better absorption of energy through distributed microcracking. The presence of nanomaterials in ECCs modifies its atomic macroscopic scales, enhancing its mechanical and microstructu...
This article presents an overview of the research on the effects of internal curing (IC) on ultra... more This article presents an overview of the research on the effects of internal curing (IC) on ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). The process of adding a curing ingredient to the concrete mixture to serve as a water reservoir is known as internal curing. IC is a viable technique for supplying additional water for curing cementbased material with lower water-to-binder concrete. It is distinct from externally applied curing. The water meant for internal water curing is dispersed within the concrete after it hardened and facilitated the hydration process. It was used to minimize self-desiccation and shrinkage in UHPC. Based on the reviewed literature, an exchange between mechanical characteristics and autogenous shrinkage for concrete was observed for internally cured UHPC. Even though IC affects the mechanical characteristics, after 28 days, it was possible to achieve a compressive strength of over 150 MPa. Thermal curing was found to exhibit a remarkable effect on the development of UHPC strength. Experimental findings revealed that using pre-saturated aggregates for IC improves the tensile strength of UHPC. The scanning electron microscope images revealed that the bulk of the voids within the super-absorbent polymer cavities are filled with portlandite.
Due to their advantages such as high tensile strength, low cost of production, easy manufacturing... more Due to their advantages such as high tensile strength, low cost of production, easy manufacturing methods, and ease of use, cementitious materials are extensively utilized in the construction industry. The applications of nanomaterials in cementitious materials have been found to enhance their properties. It allows molecular changes to improve the material behaviour and the performance of civil infrastructure structures, including buildings and highways. Owing to the high ductility of polyvinyl alcohol-engineered cementitious composites (ECCs), it was suggested to be used in steelreinforced structural elements to enhance the strength and ductility of the components. The presence of hybrid fibres provided increased shattering resistance with decreased scabbing, spalling, destruction, and damage zone and better absorption of energy through distributed microcracking. The presence of nanomaterials in ECCs modifies its atomic macroscopic scales, enhancing its mechanical and microstructural properties. The versatile properties of nanomaterials offer immense potential to cementitious composite for structural applications.
In this article, strength development high calcium fly ash geopolymer mortar cured at ambient tem... more In this article, strength development high calcium fly ash geopolymer mortar cured at ambient temperature was investigated. The outcome of HCFA fly ash geopolymer mortars on the flow ability and strength improvement of geopolymer mortars were predicted by an established statistical models using response surface methodology (RSM). The ambient cured geopolymer mortars were triggered with a solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate. The investigation reveals that increase in alkaline solution to binder ratio reduces the compressive strength of the mortars and subsequently improves the workability. All the geopolymer mortars were able to achieve more than 15 N/mm 2 at an early age. At 28 days curing, the compressive strength of outdoor curing range between 30 to 70 N/mm 2 for all the mixes. All the models developed appeared to be significant with percentage error of less than 5%. The predicted and real data’s were found to be in good agreement. It Effect of Water-Binder Ra...
This paper presents the study on the flexural behaviour of bamboo reinforced coconut shell aggreg... more This paper presents the study on the flexural behaviour of bamboo reinforced coconut shell aggregate concrete beams together with normal weight concrete beams (NWCB). The grade of coconut shell aggregate concrete, a lightweight concrete (LWC) produced using coconut shell aggregate obtained from agricultural waste as lightweight aggregate, referred to here as CSC was 20N/mm at 28 days. The grade for normal weight concrete was 20N/mm using conventional stone aggregates. The beams prepared for study were of size 150 mm x 250 mm x 1500 mm and tested in flexure. Three beams were of normal weight concrete with steel reinforcement (NWCB), three beams were of CSC with steel reinforcement (CSCB), three beams were of CSC with split bamboo as reinforcement (BCSC) and three beams were of CSC with split bamboo wrapped with binding wire as reinforcement (BCSCB) totally twelve (12) beams were tested and their behaviour was reported. From the experimental results, it was observed that the load carr...
Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2021
Abstract Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete used for stormwater management due to it... more Abstract Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete used for stormwater management due to its high porosity and permeability. However, the large pores in pervious concrete resulted to its low mechanical strength. Moreover, the emissions of greenhouse gases from Portland cement (PC) production are high and contribute to climate changes leading to climate change. Calcium carbide waste (CCW) and rice husk ash (RHA) were used as supplementary cementitious material to partially replace Portland cement by 5%, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %. Response Surface Methodology was used to design the experiments and develop models for predicting the water absorption and permeability of PC. The properties of the developed pervious concrete like water permeability and water absorption were investigated. The most vital property of the pervious concrete is water-permeability. The result findings showed that both RHA and CCW have negative effect on the durability of PC, with RHA having the worst effect. The RSM models developed showed a high degree of correlation between the variables and the responses. The optimized variables which give the best durability performance was a combination of 0% RHA and 5% CCW having the following properties, water permeability between 0.96 cm/s and water absorption of 4.338 %. The developed models can be used for predicting the permeability and water absorption capacity of pervious concrete.
Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2020
Journal of Infrastructure & Facility Asset Management, 2020
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 2020
Energy performance in the construction industry is one of the significant features to be assessed... more Energy performance in the construction industry is one of the significant features to be assessed in order to achieve sustainability in the built environment. There is a limited amount of literature on the analytical network process (ANP) in achieving sustainability towards reducing embodied energy. The aim of this study was to achieve buildings with less embodied energy through design, construction techniques and automation using ANP in order to promote sustainable construction. Data collection was primarily done by way of a well-structured questionnaire and an expert opinion survey. The responses retrieved from the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ranked accordingly. An ANP model was developed using multi-criteria decision-making based on the expert survey and used to prioritize and assign an important weighting for the identified criteria. The findings showed that multi-criteria decision-making with ANP when effectively employed will help in achieving ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
In this present experimental study, high calcium fly ash was utilized in the production of one-pa... more In this present experimental study, high calcium fly ash was utilized in the production of one-part alkali activated mortars. The HCFA was activated with anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder at 10 – 20 percent of the total precursor materials and cured at ambient condition. In this study, granular anhydrous sodium metasilicate has been successfully utilized to produce one-part alkali activated mortars. Thirteen mixes of one-part geopolymer mortar were designed using RSM central composite design with percentage of alkali activator and w/b ratios as parameters. Hardened density, workability, and, compressive strength was envisaged. The results showed that increasing the granular activator beyond 15% by weight of the fly ash reduces the strength and workability of the one-part alkali activated mortars. The RSM investigation helped in advancing the level of granular activator as far as acquiring ideal qualities and they were observed to be ideal at 16% of the granular activator and 0.3 ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Sustainable design, material selection and manufacturing of building materials serve as an import... more Sustainable design, material selection and manufacturing of building materials serve as an important aspects of building project. Recent design decision, material selection and material manufacturing procedures fail to provide remedy to the environmental impacts caused in terms of carbon footprint and embodied energy. The research report in this paper was to address the issue in the Malaysia construction industry. This paper presented an Analytical Network Process (ANP) which is a multi-criteria decision-making technique to determine the effective strategy for material impact towards the environment with respect to design, selection and manufacturing of the building material to develop a less embodied energy profile buildings. An expert opinion survey was conducted using a well-structured questionnaire which was scaled according to saaty’s with (1) equal importance to (9) extreme importance. Three (3) responses were received which satisfies Saaty’s assertion on ANP. The retrieved qu...
International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 2018
Sustainability, 2021
The existing form of self-compacting concrete (SCC) comprises of a large amount of powdered and f... more The existing form of self-compacting concrete (SCC) comprises of a large amount of powdered and fine materials. In this study, a part of the cementitious material was replaced with constant high-volume fly ash, and a portion of fine aggregates was substituted by crumb rubber (CR). Besides that, silica fume (SF) was added, with the hope that by implementing a new type of nanomaterial, the loss in mechanical strength due to previous modifications such as rubberization and replacement will be prevented. Two variables were found to influence the constituent/component in the mix design: SF and CR. The proportion of SF varies from 0% to 10%, while that of CR from 0% to 30% by volume of the total river sand, where 55% of cement was replaced by the fly ash. A total of 13 rubberized SCC samples with CR and SF as controlling variables were made, and their design mix was produced by a Design of Experiment (DOE) under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results reveal a slight increase ...
sustainability , 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete used for stormwater management due to its high po... more Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete used for stormwater management due to its high porosity and permeability. However, the large pores in pervious concrete resulted to its low mechanical strength. Moreover, the emissions of greenhouse gases from Portland cement (PC) production are high and contribute to climate changes leading to climate change. Calcium carbide waste (CCW) and rice husk ash (RHA) were used as supplementary cementitious material to partially replace Portland cement by 5%, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %. Response Surface Methodology was used to design the experiments and develop models for predicting the water absorption and permeability of PC. The properties of the developed pervious concrete like water permeability and water absorption were investigated. The most vital property of the pervious concrete is water-permeability. The result findings showed that both RHA and CCW have negative effect on the durability of PC, with RHA having the worst effect. The RSM models developed showed a high degree of correlation between the variables and the responses. The optimized variables which give the best durability performance was a combination of 0% RHA and 5% CCW having the following properties, water permeability between 0.96 cm/s and water absorption of 4.338 %. The developed models can be used for predicting the permeability and water absorption capacity of pervious concrete.
Case study in construction and building materials, 2020
The production of scrap rubber tyres is burgeoning at an alarming rate. Compared to toxic disposa... more The production of scrap rubber tyres is burgeoning at an alarming rate. Compared to toxic disposal methods that leave a trail of environmental issues, using scrap rubber tyres as a partial aggregate replacement in materials such as bitumen and concrete will address the heightening environmental effects. The usage of crumb rubber as partial fine aggregate replacement in Engineered Cementitious Concrete (ECC) is a sprouting new technique under many critiques and scientific analysis. This study encompasses a comprehensive investigation of the crumb rubber incorporated ECC in terms of its compressive strength, flexural strength, direct tensile strength, and deflection abilities by adding crumb rubber content as a replacement of fine aggregate, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and superplasticizers. Various mix designs were calculated by inputting the values into a Research Surface Methodology (RSM) to obtain a model for the optimal crumb rubber and PVA volumes to verify reliability. The results from the study revealed that crumb rubber reduced the compressive strength of the concrete, increased the flexural and tensile behaviour, shrinkage content, possessed a low modulus of elasticity, and high value of the Poisson's ratio. Finally, the relationship between independent factors and dependent responses were evaluated using ANOVA analysis and the models were found to be significant.
Journal of Infrastructure & Facility Asset Management, 2020
This paper investigated the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the setti... more This paper investigated the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the setting time and compressive strength of one-part geopolymer binders (OPGB). Powdered sodium metasilicate activator was utilized in the range of 8-16% by weight of the total binder. The central composite design method was used in designing the mixtures. Experimental investigation revealed that both the initial and final setting times of the OPGB decreased drastically with the increase in the GGBS and the activator content. The inclusion of GGBS in the binder influences the setting time of the binders thereby resulting in quick setting time. The variance analysis of the established models demonstrated that the setting and compressive strength models could be predicted using quadratic models with a high R 2 coefficient. Optimization results revealed that the optimum mixture can be obtained by substituting 95.8 % fly ash with GGBS and 13.4 % solid activator.
Materials, 2020
This paper reports the findings of the effect of elevated temperature on the compressive strength... more This paper reports the findings of the effect of elevated temperature on the compressive strength and durability properties of crumb rubber engineered cementitious composite (CR-ECC). The CR-ECC has been tested for its compressive strength and chemical resistance test against acid and sulphate attack. Different proportions of crumb rubber (CR) in partial replacement to the fine aggregate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber have been utilized from 0 to 5% and 0 to 2%. The experiments were designed based on a central composite design (CCD) technique of response surface methodology (RSM). After 28 days curing, the samples were preconditioned and exposed to high temperatures of 100 • C, 200 • C, 300 • C, 400 • C, 500 • C, 600 • C, 700 • C, 800 • C, 900 • C, and 1000 • C for one hour. Although the residual compressive strength of CR-ECC was negatively affected by elevated temperature, no explosive spalling was noticed for all mixes, even at 1000 • C. Results indicated that CR-ECC experiences slight weight gain and a reduction in strength when exposed to the acidic environment. Due to the reduced permeability, CR-ECC experienced less effect when in sulphate environment. The response models were generated and validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The difference between adjusted R-squared and predicted R-squared values for each model was less than 0.2, and they possess at least a 95% level of confidence.