Noor Haliza Hasan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Noor Haliza Hasan
Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)
Primate parasite study is an important subject in primate research, especially with the ongoing t... more Primate parasite study is an important subject in primate research, especially with the ongoing threats from anthropogenic disturbances such as land conversion and deforestation. This study is conducted to investigate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in primates of the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary (LKWS), Sabah, Malaysia. Fecal samples collected were tested with immunochromatographic test kits to rapidly screen for Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in samples from 45 long-tailed macaques and 40 proboscis monkeys. The overall rate of infection for Cryptosporidium spp. for both species is moderately high at approximately 44.71% (n = 38), with 17.64% (n = 14) individuals are positive with Giardia spp., while 38.82% of the individuals (n=33) tested are not infected with either Cryptosporidium spp. or Giardia spp. Parasite documentation is an integral aspect of primate research, as the information will provide insights on the health status and disease risk of no...
<i>Enterobius</i> (<i>Colobenterobius</i>) <i>serratus</i> Ha... more <i>Enterobius</i> (<i>Colobenterobius</i>) <i>serratus</i> Hasegawa, Matsuo et Onuma, 2003 (ZooBank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: 69E6C6D0-A122-4AB0-AE90-747E941EF26A) (<b>Nematoda: Oxyuridae: Enterobiinae</b>) <b>Male</b> (based on 6 males): Body minute, 1.96–2.91 (x̄ =2.54) mm long and 163–178 (172) µm wide in midbody. Posterior end bent ventrally (Fig. 1). Cuticle transversely striated (Figs. 1, 6). Lateral alae single-crested, commencing at level of esophageal bulb and terminating ca. 200 µm anterior to posterior end (Figs. 1, 5). Cephalic expansion 150–200 (175) µm long by 100–128 (116) µm wide, with inner septa in posterior half. Cephalic end with three lips of almost equal size, forming round head with diameter of 63–70 (68) µm. Lips well set off from body, each with serrated inner margin (Figs. 2, 4). Dorsal lip with two cephalic papillae; subventral lips each with one cephalic papilla and amphidial pore; distance between amphidial pores 44–49 µm (n=2) (Fig. 3, 4). Slots present between lips and pharynx (Fig. 3). Pharynx with specific teeth composed of one large median and three pairs of side projections just beneath each lip (Figs. 2–4). Pharynx 23–35 (30) µm long; esophageal corpus 255–285 (271) µm long by 51–65 (58) µm wide with dark granules in posterior half; esophageal isthmus short, 5–10 (7) µm long by 21–25 (23) µm wide; esophageal bulb valved, 95–113 (102) µm long by 83–103 (90) µm wide (Fig. 1). Distance from cephalic apex to nerve ring 158–170 (165) µm and excretory pore 534–750 (662) µm. Testis extending to middle of body (Fig. 1). Spicule thin, slender, with ellipsoid light-refractile mass basally; distal portion pointed, slightly bent ventrally, 227–248 (241) µm long (n=4) (Fig. 6). Spicule portion inside body housed in spicular pouch with paired muscular bands (Figs. 6, 7). Caudal papillae comprised of four pairs: 1 st pair large, pedunculated, projecting laterally at level of anus; 2 nd and 3 rd pairs slightly posterior to 1 st pair, mostly flat, directing ventrally, surrounded b [...]
FIGURES 19–22. Cross section near caudal extremity of male (a) and enlarged view of the boxed par... more FIGURES 19–22. Cross section near caudal extremity of male (a) and enlarged view of the boxed part (b) showing spicular pouch. 19. Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus; 20. E. (C.) emodensis; 21. E. (Enterobius) vermicularis; 22. Lemuricola (Protenterobius) nycticebi. Thick arrows indicate dorso-ventral height of spicular pouch; thin arrows indicate dorso-ventral height of spicule.
FIGURES 1–8. Male adult of Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus Hasegawa et al., 2003, collected... more FIGURES 1–8. Male adult of Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus Hasegawa et al., 2003, collected from the feces of Nasalis larvatus in Sabah, Malaysia. 1. Entire worm, left lateral view; 2–4. Cephalic extremity, left lateral view (2), optical frontal section (3) and apical view (4); 5. Lateral ala in cross section through midbody; 6. Caudal extremity, left lateral view; 7. Spicular pouch, cross section; 8. Caudal papillae arrangement, ventral view. Abbreviations used: am. amphidial pore; an. anus; ce. cephalic expansion; co. corpus (of esophagus); cp. cephalic papilla; dl. dorsal lip; eb. esophageal bulb; ep. excretory pore; in. intestine; is. isthmus (of esophagus); la. lateral ala; mo. mouth; nr. nerve ring; pd. phasmidial duct; p1–p4. caudal papillae arrangement; ph. pharynx; sl. slot; sp. spicule; ss. specific structure (teeth) of pharynx; sv. seminal vesicle; svl. subventral lip; t. testis; vd. vas deferens.
FIGURES 9–18. Esophageal region of female pinworms. 9. Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus; 10.... more FIGURES 9–18. Esophageal region of female pinworms. 9. Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus; 10. E. (C.) emodensis; 11. E. (C.) pygatrichus; 12. E. (Enterobius) macaci; 13. E. (E.) vermicularis; 14. E. (E.) anthropopitheci; 15. Trypanoxyuris (Buckleyenterobius) atelis; 16. T. (Trypanoxyuris) microon; 17. Lemuricola (Protenterobius) nycticebi; 18. L. (Madoxyuris) vauceli. Arrow indicates junction between light and dark portions. Scale bar: 100 µm.
Within the avian influenza virus (AIV) history, H5N1 subtype is the most alarming in terms of its... more Within the avian influenza virus (AIV) history, H5N1 subtype is the most alarming in terms of its spread rate throughout the globe with its demonstrated unusual pattern of evolution. Persistency and constant circulation of this subtype in poultry population in a number of countries have resulted its establishment and declaration as enzootic. The affected countries are commonly characterised by high poultry populations and productions. They are also developing countries which have minimal funding allocated for precaution on disease incursion. Past observations showed that a single AIV epizootic is capable of causing significant economic burden throughout the world. Although epizootic, it still resulted sporadic cases of human infection and mortality. Therefore, H5N1 enzootic countries opt for vaccination strategy (usually with inactivated whole virus) to evade AIV incursions. However, this interferes with the AIV surveillance effort. This is due to the lack of diagnostic tool with th...
Biodiversity Data Journal
Bats (Order: Chiroptera) is a recognised group of bioindicators due to their sensitivity towards ... more Bats (Order: Chiroptera) is a recognised group of bioindicators due to their sensitivity towards alterations in their immediate surroundings. With the threats of climate change becoming more severe on a daily basis, it is reasonable to collect data on how bat diversity is influenced by elevation. This will be useful to predict and monitor possible upslope shifting of bat species due to increase in surrounding temperature or anthropogenic pressure. Hence, this study aims to uncover the bat diversity trend at different elevations in Crocker Range Park (CRP), Sabah, Malaysia. Bat trappings were conducted in four substations within this park, covering an elevation spectrum from 450 to 1900 m a.s.l. The overall sampling managed to capture 133 individuals of bats, predominantly Pteropodidae, with the addition of two new species locality records for CRP, Murina peninsularis and Hypsugo vondermanni. Simple linear regression analyses revealed that both bat diversity and richness have an inve...
Journal of Cave and Karst Studies
Borneo is a biodiversity and ecotourism hotspot, yet one of its least-studied ecosystems is their... more Borneo is a biodiversity and ecotourism hotspot, yet one of its least-studied ecosystems is their limestone caves. Not many studies have been conducted on the role fungi play in tropical cave ecosystems, and no fungal surveys have been conducted in the caves of Sabah, Malaysia. Here, we assess the mycofloral diversity on bat and arthropod cadavers in one of the most popular ecotourism destinations of northern Borneo, Gomantong caves. Opportunistic sampling of cadavers within the Semud Hitam chamber of Gomantong cave yielded nine dead arthropods and four dead bats. Twenty-four culturable fungi were isolated, of which 14 morphological taxonomic units (MTU) were observed. Twelve of the 14 MTUs underwent molecular characterization of the ITS gene region to confirm identification. All fungi were Ascomycetes except for one Basidiomycete isolate. Aspergillus spp. had the highest occurrence (45.8%), followed by Penicillium spp. (25.0%), and Fusarium sp. (12.5%). Ceratobasidium sp., Diaporth...
Zootaxa
Males of Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus Hasegawa et al., 2003 (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) are de... more Males of Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus Hasegawa et al., 2003 (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) are described for the first time based on six individuals collected from the feces of proboscis monkeys, Nasalis larvatus, in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The males show identical cephalic morphology to females, being readily distinguishable from their congeners by the serrated inner margins of the lips. The bicolored esophageal corpus, long thin spicule and developed spicular pouch with paired muscular bands are also remarkable characteristics, presumably shared by other Asian members of the subgenus.
Viral immunology, May 1, 2017
In this study, canine adenoviruses (CAdVs) from two acute fatal cases of infectious canine hepati... more In this study, canine adenoviruses (CAdVs) from two acute fatal cases of infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) were analyzed using molecular detection and sequencing of the pVIII, E3, and fiber protein genes. Pathological findings in affected dogs were typical for CAdV-1 associated disease, characterized by severe centrilobular to panlobular necrohemorrhagic hepatitis and the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation in the terminal stages of disease. Comparison of partial genome sequences revealed that although these newly detected viruses mainly had CAdV-1 genome characteristics, their pVIII gene was more similar to that of CAdV-2. This likely suggests that a recombination has occurred between CAdV-1 and CAdV-2, which possibly explains the cause of vaccine failure or increased virulence of the virus in the observed ICH cases.
Viral Immunology, 2016
Vaccination is becoming a more acceptable option in the effort to eradicate avian influenza virus... more Vaccination is becoming a more acceptable option in the effort to eradicate avian influenza viruses (AIV) from commercial poultry, especially in countries where AIV is endemic. The main concern surrounding this option has been the inability of the conventional serological tests to differentiate antibodies produced due to vaccination from antibodies produced in response to virus infection. In attempts to address this issue, at least six strategies have been formulated, aiming to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), namely (i) sentinel birds, (ii) subunit vaccine, (iii) heterologous neuraminidase (NA), (iv) nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein, (v) matrix 2 ectodomain (M2e) protein, and (vi) haemagglutinin subunit 2 (HA2) glycoprotein. This short review briefly discusses the strengths and limitations of these DIVA strategies, together with the feasibility and practicality of the options as a part of the surveillance program directed toward the eventual eradication of AIV from poultry in countries where highly pathogenic avian influenza is endemic.
Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC)
Primate parasite study is an important subject in primate research, especially with the ongoing t... more Primate parasite study is an important subject in primate research, especially with the ongoing threats from anthropogenic disturbances such as land conversion and deforestation. This study is conducted to investigate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in primates of the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary (LKWS), Sabah, Malaysia. Fecal samples collected were tested with immunochromatographic test kits to rapidly screen for Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in samples from 45 long-tailed macaques and 40 proboscis monkeys. The overall rate of infection for Cryptosporidium spp. for both species is moderately high at approximately 44.71% (n = 38), with 17.64% (n = 14) individuals are positive with Giardia spp., while 38.82% of the individuals (n=33) tested are not infected with either Cryptosporidium spp. or Giardia spp. Parasite documentation is an integral aspect of primate research, as the information will provide insights on the health status and disease risk of no...
<i>Enterobius</i> (<i>Colobenterobius</i>) <i>serratus</i> Ha... more <i>Enterobius</i> (<i>Colobenterobius</i>) <i>serratus</i> Hasegawa, Matsuo et Onuma, 2003 (ZooBank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: 69E6C6D0-A122-4AB0-AE90-747E941EF26A) (<b>Nematoda: Oxyuridae: Enterobiinae</b>) <b>Male</b> (based on 6 males): Body minute, 1.96–2.91 (x̄ =2.54) mm long and 163–178 (172) µm wide in midbody. Posterior end bent ventrally (Fig. 1). Cuticle transversely striated (Figs. 1, 6). Lateral alae single-crested, commencing at level of esophageal bulb and terminating ca. 200 µm anterior to posterior end (Figs. 1, 5). Cephalic expansion 150–200 (175) µm long by 100–128 (116) µm wide, with inner septa in posterior half. Cephalic end with three lips of almost equal size, forming round head with diameter of 63–70 (68) µm. Lips well set off from body, each with serrated inner margin (Figs. 2, 4). Dorsal lip with two cephalic papillae; subventral lips each with one cephalic papilla and amphidial pore; distance between amphidial pores 44–49 µm (n=2) (Fig. 3, 4). Slots present between lips and pharynx (Fig. 3). Pharynx with specific teeth composed of one large median and three pairs of side projections just beneath each lip (Figs. 2–4). Pharynx 23–35 (30) µm long; esophageal corpus 255–285 (271) µm long by 51–65 (58) µm wide with dark granules in posterior half; esophageal isthmus short, 5–10 (7) µm long by 21–25 (23) µm wide; esophageal bulb valved, 95–113 (102) µm long by 83–103 (90) µm wide (Fig. 1). Distance from cephalic apex to nerve ring 158–170 (165) µm and excretory pore 534–750 (662) µm. Testis extending to middle of body (Fig. 1). Spicule thin, slender, with ellipsoid light-refractile mass basally; distal portion pointed, slightly bent ventrally, 227–248 (241) µm long (n=4) (Fig. 6). Spicule portion inside body housed in spicular pouch with paired muscular bands (Figs. 6, 7). Caudal papillae comprised of four pairs: 1 st pair large, pedunculated, projecting laterally at level of anus; 2 nd and 3 rd pairs slightly posterior to 1 st pair, mostly flat, directing ventrally, surrounded b [...]
FIGURES 19–22. Cross section near caudal extremity of male (a) and enlarged view of the boxed par... more FIGURES 19–22. Cross section near caudal extremity of male (a) and enlarged view of the boxed part (b) showing spicular pouch. 19. Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus; 20. E. (C.) emodensis; 21. E. (Enterobius) vermicularis; 22. Lemuricola (Protenterobius) nycticebi. Thick arrows indicate dorso-ventral height of spicular pouch; thin arrows indicate dorso-ventral height of spicule.
FIGURES 1–8. Male adult of Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus Hasegawa et al., 2003, collected... more FIGURES 1–8. Male adult of Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus Hasegawa et al., 2003, collected from the feces of Nasalis larvatus in Sabah, Malaysia. 1. Entire worm, left lateral view; 2–4. Cephalic extremity, left lateral view (2), optical frontal section (3) and apical view (4); 5. Lateral ala in cross section through midbody; 6. Caudal extremity, left lateral view; 7. Spicular pouch, cross section; 8. Caudal papillae arrangement, ventral view. Abbreviations used: am. amphidial pore; an. anus; ce. cephalic expansion; co. corpus (of esophagus); cp. cephalic papilla; dl. dorsal lip; eb. esophageal bulb; ep. excretory pore; in. intestine; is. isthmus (of esophagus); la. lateral ala; mo. mouth; nr. nerve ring; pd. phasmidial duct; p1–p4. caudal papillae arrangement; ph. pharynx; sl. slot; sp. spicule; ss. specific structure (teeth) of pharynx; sv. seminal vesicle; svl. subventral lip; t. testis; vd. vas deferens.
FIGURES 9–18. Esophageal region of female pinworms. 9. Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus; 10.... more FIGURES 9–18. Esophageal region of female pinworms. 9. Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus; 10. E. (C.) emodensis; 11. E. (C.) pygatrichus; 12. E. (Enterobius) macaci; 13. E. (E.) vermicularis; 14. E. (E.) anthropopitheci; 15. Trypanoxyuris (Buckleyenterobius) atelis; 16. T. (Trypanoxyuris) microon; 17. Lemuricola (Protenterobius) nycticebi; 18. L. (Madoxyuris) vauceli. Arrow indicates junction between light and dark portions. Scale bar: 100 µm.
Within the avian influenza virus (AIV) history, H5N1 subtype is the most alarming in terms of its... more Within the avian influenza virus (AIV) history, H5N1 subtype is the most alarming in terms of its spread rate throughout the globe with its demonstrated unusual pattern of evolution. Persistency and constant circulation of this subtype in poultry population in a number of countries have resulted its establishment and declaration as enzootic. The affected countries are commonly characterised by high poultry populations and productions. They are also developing countries which have minimal funding allocated for precaution on disease incursion. Past observations showed that a single AIV epizootic is capable of causing significant economic burden throughout the world. Although epizootic, it still resulted sporadic cases of human infection and mortality. Therefore, H5N1 enzootic countries opt for vaccination strategy (usually with inactivated whole virus) to evade AIV incursions. However, this interferes with the AIV surveillance effort. This is due to the lack of diagnostic tool with th...
Biodiversity Data Journal
Bats (Order: Chiroptera) is a recognised group of bioindicators due to their sensitivity towards ... more Bats (Order: Chiroptera) is a recognised group of bioindicators due to their sensitivity towards alterations in their immediate surroundings. With the threats of climate change becoming more severe on a daily basis, it is reasonable to collect data on how bat diversity is influenced by elevation. This will be useful to predict and monitor possible upslope shifting of bat species due to increase in surrounding temperature or anthropogenic pressure. Hence, this study aims to uncover the bat diversity trend at different elevations in Crocker Range Park (CRP), Sabah, Malaysia. Bat trappings were conducted in four substations within this park, covering an elevation spectrum from 450 to 1900 m a.s.l. The overall sampling managed to capture 133 individuals of bats, predominantly Pteropodidae, with the addition of two new species locality records for CRP, Murina peninsularis and Hypsugo vondermanni. Simple linear regression analyses revealed that both bat diversity and richness have an inve...
Journal of Cave and Karst Studies
Borneo is a biodiversity and ecotourism hotspot, yet one of its least-studied ecosystems is their... more Borneo is a biodiversity and ecotourism hotspot, yet one of its least-studied ecosystems is their limestone caves. Not many studies have been conducted on the role fungi play in tropical cave ecosystems, and no fungal surveys have been conducted in the caves of Sabah, Malaysia. Here, we assess the mycofloral diversity on bat and arthropod cadavers in one of the most popular ecotourism destinations of northern Borneo, Gomantong caves. Opportunistic sampling of cadavers within the Semud Hitam chamber of Gomantong cave yielded nine dead arthropods and four dead bats. Twenty-four culturable fungi were isolated, of which 14 morphological taxonomic units (MTU) were observed. Twelve of the 14 MTUs underwent molecular characterization of the ITS gene region to confirm identification. All fungi were Ascomycetes except for one Basidiomycete isolate. Aspergillus spp. had the highest occurrence (45.8%), followed by Penicillium spp. (25.0%), and Fusarium sp. (12.5%). Ceratobasidium sp., Diaporth...
Zootaxa
Males of Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus Hasegawa et al., 2003 (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) are de... more Males of Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus Hasegawa et al., 2003 (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) are described for the first time based on six individuals collected from the feces of proboscis monkeys, Nasalis larvatus, in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The males show identical cephalic morphology to females, being readily distinguishable from their congeners by the serrated inner margins of the lips. The bicolored esophageal corpus, long thin spicule and developed spicular pouch with paired muscular bands are also remarkable characteristics, presumably shared by other Asian members of the subgenus.
Viral immunology, May 1, 2017
In this study, canine adenoviruses (CAdVs) from two acute fatal cases of infectious canine hepati... more In this study, canine adenoviruses (CAdVs) from two acute fatal cases of infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) were analyzed using molecular detection and sequencing of the pVIII, E3, and fiber protein genes. Pathological findings in affected dogs were typical for CAdV-1 associated disease, characterized by severe centrilobular to panlobular necrohemorrhagic hepatitis and the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation in the terminal stages of disease. Comparison of partial genome sequences revealed that although these newly detected viruses mainly had CAdV-1 genome characteristics, their pVIII gene was more similar to that of CAdV-2. This likely suggests that a recombination has occurred between CAdV-1 and CAdV-2, which possibly explains the cause of vaccine failure or increased virulence of the virus in the observed ICH cases.
Viral Immunology, 2016
Vaccination is becoming a more acceptable option in the effort to eradicate avian influenza virus... more Vaccination is becoming a more acceptable option in the effort to eradicate avian influenza viruses (AIV) from commercial poultry, especially in countries where AIV is endemic. The main concern surrounding this option has been the inability of the conventional serological tests to differentiate antibodies produced due to vaccination from antibodies produced in response to virus infection. In attempts to address this issue, at least six strategies have been formulated, aiming to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), namely (i) sentinel birds, (ii) subunit vaccine, (iii) heterologous neuraminidase (NA), (iv) nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein, (v) matrix 2 ectodomain (M2e) protein, and (vi) haemagglutinin subunit 2 (HA2) glycoprotein. This short review briefly discusses the strengths and limitations of these DIVA strategies, together with the feasibility and practicality of the options as a part of the surveillance program directed toward the eventual eradication of AIV from poultry in countries where highly pathogenic avian influenza is endemic.