Hassan Farid - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hassan Farid

Research paper thumbnail of Emerging Axonal Variants of Guillain Barré Syndrome “ AMAN and AMSAN “ as a Part of COVID-19 Sequalae

The Medical Journal of Basrah University

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated peripheral nerve disease. Its fre... more Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated peripheral nerve disease. Its frequency was noticed to have increased during the COVID-19 period. Based on electrophysiological studies, the most common type of this disease is the demyelinating type. However, axonal types have also been seen. Methods: A large, analytical, cross-sectional study involving 2523 patients over a one-year period was conducted in Basrah, southern Iraq, to evaluate the neurophysiological changes for peripheral neuropathies following COVID-19 infection using nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography. The current study aims to evaluate the prevalence, clinical, and neurophysiological characteristics of patients with axonal variants of GBS. Results and conclusions: The study found that the axonal variants of GBS represent about 10% of the total reported GBS in the governorate, and they are developed in about 1 in 1000 patients attending the neurology and neurophysiology clinics who had a history of COVID-19 infection.

Research paper thumbnail of Myographic evidence of polymyositis and dermatomyositis in COVID-19 patients

Advanced Neurology

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, commonly known as myositis, are a diverse group of disorders ... more Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, commonly known as myositis, are a diverse group of disorders defined clinically by persistent muscle weakness and reduced muscle endurance, as well as inflammatory cell infiltrates inside the muscle tissue. Myositis as a complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been described in an increasing number of reports. An analytical and cross-sectional study was undertaken in Basrah to analyze nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyographic (EMG) data in a COVID-19-affected patient. During the evaluation of 2240 patients, three cases of myositis were reported among the COVID-19 population, two of them with new clinical and EMG evidence of inflammatory myositis after the onset of COVID-19 infection, and one patient had a history of polymyositis before the COVID-19 pandemic, but a relapse was triggered by COVID-19, resulting in respiratory failure and death. The study found that the prevalence of myositis among the COVID-19 population wa...

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical and Neurophysiological Evidence of Mononeuritis Multiplex During the COVID-19 Era

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Investigations on the Effects of HHO Gas Fuel Additive on Performance of a Gasoline Engine

Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Technology

The hydrogen hydroxyl (HHO) gas as a fuel additive in gasoline for SI engines has a positive impa... more The hydrogen hydroxyl (HHO) gas as a fuel additive in gasoline for SI engines has a positive impact on improving the performance and reducing the consequences of the burning of fossil fuels alone which are continuously depleting and causing severe problems to the environment. In this paper, the effect of injecting HHO gas additive in the gasoline fuel of a petrol engine was experimentally explored in detail to improve the overall efficiency in terms of performance indicators such as engine fuel consumption, brake horsepower and engine’s torque developed. The engine was coupled with an electric generator to be used for the production of electricity at a relatively low cost. An experimental setup was established to measure the performance indicators and it consists of an HHO gas generator integrated with solar panels, a gasoline engine coupled with an electricity generator, a storage battery, and relevant measuring instruments. The HHO gas was produced and injected into the intake man...

Research paper thumbnail of The Extra-Pulmonary Manifestations and Complications of COVID-19: An Observational Study from Basrah - Southern Iraq

The Medical Journal of Basrah University

Background: The coronavirus was first recognised in December 2019 in Wuhan, China as an outbreak ... more Background: The coronavirus was first recognised in December 2019 in Wuhan, China as an outbreak of an unidentified health storm. Although the main presenting complaints are respiratory complaints, many patients are presented with multisystem and extrapulmonary manifestations. Objective: This study aims to assess the extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional observation study was conducted in Basrah teaching hospital, which is a specialised and tertiary centre for COVID-19 management, for a 5-month duration and involving 507 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Results and Conclusions: The extrapulmonary manifestation was reported in 347 patients (68%), and the clinical manifestations analysis of the enrolled patients showed that most of the neurological manifestations were headaches. Myocardial infarction is the most common cardiovascular manifestation. Moreover, gastrointestinal manifestations showed that nausea and vomiting, followed by abdominal pain and diarrhea, are frequently reported symptoms. Additionally, stroke, new atrial fibrillation, conjunctivitis, macular skin rash, urticaria, acute kidney injury, fatigue, joint pain, deep venous thrombosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperglycemia were observed also at lower percentages.

Research paper thumbnail of Medical History and Examination in Lines : History Part

Research paper thumbnail of Basic principles of electrodiagnostic studies ( NCS / EMG )

Research paper thumbnail of The Neurophysiological Changes by Nerve Conduction Study and Electromyography in Acute and Long-Term COVID-19 Circumstances: A Comparative Study Protocol and Review

In December 2019, a new disease called Novel Coronavirus Disease or COVID-19, caused by the virus... more In December 2019, a new disease called Novel Coronavirus Disease or COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS CoV-2, started in Wuhan, China and was spreading around the world with pneumonia-like symptoms. Many people infected with COVID-19 have been diagnosed with typical Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) or its variants, as well as other demyelinating neuropathies. Furthermore, there is an increase in critical illness neuropathy (axonopathy) and myopathy during acute COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 periods. As a result, it is critical to raise awareness about COVID-19-related neuropathy and myopathy, as well as to provide a simple and practical method for diagnosing and following up on patients using electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) to evaluate neuro-electrophysiological changes in COVID-19 patients in acute and long-term settings. Therefore, an analytical, comparative cross-sectional study will be held in Basra City, southern Iraq, focusing on acute and chronic demyelina...

Research paper thumbnail of Inhibitory Effect of Honey against Some Pathogenic Bacterial Species Isolated from Clinical Specimens

Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Neurographic Evidence of Inflammatory Polyneuropathies in Peri-COVID-19 Circumstances and Their Relationship With Acute Disease Severity and Inflammatory Storm

Cureus, 2022

Recently, there has been increasing evidence among people infected with coronavirus disease 2019 ... more Recently, there has been increasing evidence among people infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) of being diagnosed with the typical acute post-infectious inflammatory polyneuroradiculopathy that was formerly known as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and it is not uncommon that some of them develop chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuroradiculopathy (CIDP). However, there is still a large debate and controversy about the link between COVID-19 and polyneuropathy. As a result, a multicentric retrospective cohort study was conducted in Basrah Governorate in the south of Iraq that included 2240 patients over a period of six months. Of those, 1344 patients had a history of COVID-19 in the previous year, and 1.14% of them developed inflammatory polyneuropathy, while only 0.29% (896 patients) of those with no history of COVID-19 had developed inflammatory polyneuropathy. This difference is highly significant, with a relative risk equal to six. The majority of the inflammatory polyneuropathy (44.4%) was diagnosed four to 12 weeks after the COVID-19 infection, with GBS being the most common type (72.2% of cases). Moreover, the nerve conduction velocity, the distal latency, and the amplitude of the most studied nerves were slower, more prolonged, and lower, respectively, among the COVID-19 groups compared with the non-COVID-19 group. Furthermore, there is an inverse correlation between the nerve conduction velocity in the majority of studied nerves and certain inflammatory biomarkers, such as serum ferritin, interleukin-6, and c-reactive protein. Although the occurrence of inflammatory polyneuropathy is more common among the less severe groups of COVID-19, if it occurs in the severe groups, it shows a more aggressive presentation.

Research paper thumbnail of Neurology cases - Data analysis

Research paper thumbnail of The Neurological Manifestations Of Covid-19 And Their Relationship With The Disease Severity In Hospitalized Patients: A Single-Centered, Cross-Sectional Study On Patients With Covid-19 from Basra, Iraq

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city, China in December 2019 and rapidly spre... more The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread as a global health pandemic. The primary presentation is respiratory and cardiac symptoms, but neurological features are also being reported. A single-centered, cross-sectional study on 168 patients with COVID-19 was conducted in Al-Mawani teaching hospital, Basra, Iraq to assess the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and their relationship with the disease severity. 60.7% of the patients involved in the study were documented to have neurological manifestations. The most common reported symptom is the headache (39%) followed by the dizziness(lightheadedness) (28.6%). The more severe neurological manifestations as the acute confusion, cranial nerve palsies, hemiplegia are more seen among those with sever desaturation, higher lung involvement as well as those with cytokine storm syndrome and mainly distributed among older age, males and in patients with comorbidities.The acute cerebrovascular accident(stroke)present in 14.3% of patient, mainly in whom are complain from sever desaturation and aggressive lung involvement.

Research paper thumbnail of “Coronosomia”: Covid-19 Pandemic and Associated Sleep Disorder Among Hospitalized Patients in Basrah City-Southern of Iraq

COVID-19 patients may develop sleep difficulties, and sleep issues are expected to become more co... more COVID-19 patients may develop sleep difficulties, and sleep issues are expected to become more common in 2020. This epidemic is linked to sleeplessness, nightmares, sleep apnea, fatigue, exhaustion, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder. In Basrah, cross-sectional observational research was conducted. This study included (158) COVID-19positive hospitalized patients chosen randomly from the intensive care unit and infectious disease ward. A total of 158 patients were enrolled in the trial, with (118) (74%) of them having a sleep disturbance. Frequent awakening during Sleep is the most common symptom, followed by insomnia. Furthermore, the sleep disorder is more common among the desaturated patient, the younger age group and the longer hospital stay , and there was a statistically significant difference from the older age, the saturated group, and the shorter duration of hospitalization. Still, the difference was not significant between the genders.

Research paper thumbnail of Emerging Axonal Variants of Guillain Barré Syndrome “ AMAN and AMSAN “ as a Part of COVID-19 Sequalae

The Medical Journal of Basrah University

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated peripheral nerve disease. Its fre... more Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated peripheral nerve disease. Its frequency was noticed to have increased during the COVID-19 period. Based on electrophysiological studies, the most common type of this disease is the demyelinating type. However, axonal types have also been seen. Methods: A large, analytical, cross-sectional study involving 2523 patients over a one-year period was conducted in Basrah, southern Iraq, to evaluate the neurophysiological changes for peripheral neuropathies following COVID-19 infection using nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography. The current study aims to evaluate the prevalence, clinical, and neurophysiological characteristics of patients with axonal variants of GBS. Results and conclusions: The study found that the axonal variants of GBS represent about 10% of the total reported GBS in the governorate, and they are developed in about 1 in 1000 patients attending the neurology and neurophysiology clinics who had a history of COVID-19 infection.

Research paper thumbnail of Myographic evidence of polymyositis and dermatomyositis in COVID-19 patients

Advanced Neurology

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, commonly known as myositis, are a diverse group of disorders ... more Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, commonly known as myositis, are a diverse group of disorders defined clinically by persistent muscle weakness and reduced muscle endurance, as well as inflammatory cell infiltrates inside the muscle tissue. Myositis as a complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been described in an increasing number of reports. An analytical and cross-sectional study was undertaken in Basrah to analyze nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyographic (EMG) data in a COVID-19-affected patient. During the evaluation of 2240 patients, three cases of myositis were reported among the COVID-19 population, two of them with new clinical and EMG evidence of inflammatory myositis after the onset of COVID-19 infection, and one patient had a history of polymyositis before the COVID-19 pandemic, but a relapse was triggered by COVID-19, resulting in respiratory failure and death. The study found that the prevalence of myositis among the COVID-19 population wa...

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical and Neurophysiological Evidence of Mononeuritis Multiplex During the COVID-19 Era

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Investigations on the Effects of HHO Gas Fuel Additive on Performance of a Gasoline Engine

Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Technology

The hydrogen hydroxyl (HHO) gas as a fuel additive in gasoline for SI engines has a positive impa... more The hydrogen hydroxyl (HHO) gas as a fuel additive in gasoline for SI engines has a positive impact on improving the performance and reducing the consequences of the burning of fossil fuels alone which are continuously depleting and causing severe problems to the environment. In this paper, the effect of injecting HHO gas additive in the gasoline fuel of a petrol engine was experimentally explored in detail to improve the overall efficiency in terms of performance indicators such as engine fuel consumption, brake horsepower and engine’s torque developed. The engine was coupled with an electric generator to be used for the production of electricity at a relatively low cost. An experimental setup was established to measure the performance indicators and it consists of an HHO gas generator integrated with solar panels, a gasoline engine coupled with an electricity generator, a storage battery, and relevant measuring instruments. The HHO gas was produced and injected into the intake man...

Research paper thumbnail of The Extra-Pulmonary Manifestations and Complications of COVID-19: An Observational Study from Basrah - Southern Iraq

The Medical Journal of Basrah University

Background: The coronavirus was first recognised in December 2019 in Wuhan, China as an outbreak ... more Background: The coronavirus was first recognised in December 2019 in Wuhan, China as an outbreak of an unidentified health storm. Although the main presenting complaints are respiratory complaints, many patients are presented with multisystem and extrapulmonary manifestations. Objective: This study aims to assess the extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional observation study was conducted in Basrah teaching hospital, which is a specialised and tertiary centre for COVID-19 management, for a 5-month duration and involving 507 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Results and Conclusions: The extrapulmonary manifestation was reported in 347 patients (68%), and the clinical manifestations analysis of the enrolled patients showed that most of the neurological manifestations were headaches. Myocardial infarction is the most common cardiovascular manifestation. Moreover, gastrointestinal manifestations showed that nausea and vomiting, followed by abdominal pain and diarrhea, are frequently reported symptoms. Additionally, stroke, new atrial fibrillation, conjunctivitis, macular skin rash, urticaria, acute kidney injury, fatigue, joint pain, deep venous thrombosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperglycemia were observed also at lower percentages.

Research paper thumbnail of Medical History and Examination in Lines : History Part

Research paper thumbnail of Basic principles of electrodiagnostic studies ( NCS / EMG )

Research paper thumbnail of The Neurophysiological Changes by Nerve Conduction Study and Electromyography in Acute and Long-Term COVID-19 Circumstances: A Comparative Study Protocol and Review

In December 2019, a new disease called Novel Coronavirus Disease or COVID-19, caused by the virus... more In December 2019, a new disease called Novel Coronavirus Disease or COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS CoV-2, started in Wuhan, China and was spreading around the world with pneumonia-like symptoms. Many people infected with COVID-19 have been diagnosed with typical Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) or its variants, as well as other demyelinating neuropathies. Furthermore, there is an increase in critical illness neuropathy (axonopathy) and myopathy during acute COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 periods. As a result, it is critical to raise awareness about COVID-19-related neuropathy and myopathy, as well as to provide a simple and practical method for diagnosing and following up on patients using electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) to evaluate neuro-electrophysiological changes in COVID-19 patients in acute and long-term settings. Therefore, an analytical, comparative cross-sectional study will be held in Basra City, southern Iraq, focusing on acute and chronic demyelina...

Research paper thumbnail of Inhibitory Effect of Honey against Some Pathogenic Bacterial Species Isolated from Clinical Specimens

Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Neurographic Evidence of Inflammatory Polyneuropathies in Peri-COVID-19 Circumstances and Their Relationship With Acute Disease Severity and Inflammatory Storm

Cureus, 2022

Recently, there has been increasing evidence among people infected with coronavirus disease 2019 ... more Recently, there has been increasing evidence among people infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) of being diagnosed with the typical acute post-infectious inflammatory polyneuroradiculopathy that was formerly known as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and it is not uncommon that some of them develop chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuroradiculopathy (CIDP). However, there is still a large debate and controversy about the link between COVID-19 and polyneuropathy. As a result, a multicentric retrospective cohort study was conducted in Basrah Governorate in the south of Iraq that included 2240 patients over a period of six months. Of those, 1344 patients had a history of COVID-19 in the previous year, and 1.14% of them developed inflammatory polyneuropathy, while only 0.29% (896 patients) of those with no history of COVID-19 had developed inflammatory polyneuropathy. This difference is highly significant, with a relative risk equal to six. The majority of the inflammatory polyneuropathy (44.4%) was diagnosed four to 12 weeks after the COVID-19 infection, with GBS being the most common type (72.2% of cases). Moreover, the nerve conduction velocity, the distal latency, and the amplitude of the most studied nerves were slower, more prolonged, and lower, respectively, among the COVID-19 groups compared with the non-COVID-19 group. Furthermore, there is an inverse correlation between the nerve conduction velocity in the majority of studied nerves and certain inflammatory biomarkers, such as serum ferritin, interleukin-6, and c-reactive protein. Although the occurrence of inflammatory polyneuropathy is more common among the less severe groups of COVID-19, if it occurs in the severe groups, it shows a more aggressive presentation.

Research paper thumbnail of Neurology cases - Data analysis

Research paper thumbnail of The Neurological Manifestations Of Covid-19 And Their Relationship With The Disease Severity In Hospitalized Patients: A Single-Centered, Cross-Sectional Study On Patients With Covid-19 from Basra, Iraq

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city, China in December 2019 and rapidly spre... more The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread as a global health pandemic. The primary presentation is respiratory and cardiac symptoms, but neurological features are also being reported. A single-centered, cross-sectional study on 168 patients with COVID-19 was conducted in Al-Mawani teaching hospital, Basra, Iraq to assess the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and their relationship with the disease severity. 60.7% of the patients involved in the study were documented to have neurological manifestations. The most common reported symptom is the headache (39%) followed by the dizziness(lightheadedness) (28.6%). The more severe neurological manifestations as the acute confusion, cranial nerve palsies, hemiplegia are more seen among those with sever desaturation, higher lung involvement as well as those with cytokine storm syndrome and mainly distributed among older age, males and in patients with comorbidities.The acute cerebrovascular accident(stroke)present in 14.3% of patient, mainly in whom are complain from sever desaturation and aggressive lung involvement.

Research paper thumbnail of “Coronosomia”: Covid-19 Pandemic and Associated Sleep Disorder Among Hospitalized Patients in Basrah City-Southern of Iraq

COVID-19 patients may develop sleep difficulties, and sleep issues are expected to become more co... more COVID-19 patients may develop sleep difficulties, and sleep issues are expected to become more common in 2020. This epidemic is linked to sleeplessness, nightmares, sleep apnea, fatigue, exhaustion, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder. In Basrah, cross-sectional observational research was conducted. This study included (158) COVID-19positive hospitalized patients chosen randomly from the intensive care unit and infectious disease ward. A total of 158 patients were enrolled in the trial, with (118) (74%) of them having a sleep disturbance. Frequent awakening during Sleep is the most common symptom, followed by insomnia. Furthermore, the sleep disorder is more common among the desaturated patient, the younger age group and the longer hospital stay , and there was a statistically significant difference from the older age, the saturated group, and the shorter duration of hospitalization. Still, the difference was not significant between the genders.