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Research paper thumbnail of Catalytic Transformation of Biomass-Derived 5Hydroxymethylfurfural over Supported Bimetallic Iridium-Based Catalysts

5-Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) is a biobased platform chemical that can be valorized into a spect... more 5-Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) is a biobased platform chemical that can be valorized into a spectrum of valuable products. In this report, supported Ir, Ir-Co, Ir-Ni and Ir-Ru catalysts were investigated for this purpose. Only hydrogenation of HMF to 2,5-bis-(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) occurred over all catalysts. The effect of the second metal (Co, Ni and Ru) on Ir/SiO2 was reflected by the kinetic constants being in the order Ir-Ni/SiO2 > Ir-Co/SiO2 > Ir-Ru/SiO2. The oxophilic nature of the secondary metal improved the catalytic performance of the bimetallic catalysts compared to the monometallic iridium catalyst (Ir/SiO2). Addition of HCOOH and H2SO4 as co-catalysts is a strategy to reach one-pot conversion of HMF to 2,5-di-methylfuran (DMF). Over-hydrogenolysis products such as DMTHF (2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran) were formed when only H2SO4 was added giving higher activity compared to addition of HCOOH. Simultaneous presence of acids gave the highest HMF conversion promoting esterification to 5-formyloxymethylfurfural (FMF) and allowing the one-pot transformations of HMF to DMF. Thermodynamic analysis of HMF transformations revealed that both hydrogenation and dehydration steps are feasible.

Research paper thumbnail of Catalytic Transformation of Biomass-Derived 5Hydroxymethylfurfural over Supported Bimetallic Iridium-Based Catalysts

5-Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) is a biobased platform chemical that can be valorized into a spect... more 5-Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) is a biobased platform chemical that can be valorized into a spectrum of valuable products. In this report, supported Ir, Ir-Co, Ir-Ni and Ir-Ru catalysts were investigated for this purpose. Only hydrogenation of HMF to 2,5-bis-(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) occurred over all catalysts. The effect of the second metal (Co, Ni and Ru) on Ir/SiO2 was reflected by the kinetic constants being in the order Ir-Ni/SiO2 > Ir-Co/SiO2 > Ir-Ru/SiO2. The oxophilic nature of the secondary metal improved the catalytic performance of the bimetallic catalysts compared to the monometallic iridium catalyst (Ir/SiO2). Addition of HCOOH and H2SO4 as co-catalysts is a strategy to reach one-pot conversion of HMF to 2,5-di-methylfuran (DMF). Over-hydrogenolysis products such as DMTHF (2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran) were formed when only H2SO4 was added giving higher activity compared to addition of HCOOH. Simultaneous presence of acids gave the highest HMF conversion promoting esterification to 5-formyloxymethylfurfural (FMF) and allowing the one-pot transformations of HMF to DMF. Thermodynamic analysis of HMF transformations revealed that both hydrogenation and dehydration steps are feasible.

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