Heiko Diestel - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Heiko Diestel
Springer Series in Physical Environment, 1993
Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1989
Column experiments were carried out to quantify the effect of earthworms on compacted soil. The e... more Column experiments were carried out to quantify the effect of earthworms on compacted soil. The earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) were able to burrow into soil which was artificially compacted to a pore volume as low as 40%; they may also penetrate an artificial "plough pan" deep in the soil. The effect of the burrowing activity of Lumbricus terrestris was quantified by measuring hydraulic conductivities and infiltration rates through the whole soil column (19 cm wide, 40 cm long). Morphological parameters, mainly the vertically projected burrow depth, were correlated with the saturated hydraulic conductivity. The amount of casts deposited by Lumbricus terrestris on the soil surface increased with the degree of soil compaction. The bulk density of casts was always less than that of the original soil.
Modelling water and nutrient dynamics in soil–crop systems, 2007
The performance of the water balance and crop growth model SIMWASER to estimate either the capill... more The performance of the water balance and crop growth model SIMWASER to estimate either the capillary rise from shallow groundwater or the N leaching from a deep soil profile was demonstrated using measurements on the one hand from the Berlin- Dahlem lysimeter station and on the other hand from the Bad Lauchstädt experimental field. In case of the Berlin-Dahlem data,
Modelling water and nutrient dynamics in soil–crop systems, 2007
The lysimeter station at Berlin-Dahlem consists of 12 weighable lysimeters in each of which all c... more The lysimeter station at Berlin-Dahlem consists of 12 weighable lysimeters in each of which all components of the soil water balance can be measured. A permanent record of the weight of the water entering or leaving the monolith at its upper surface (precipitation and evapotranspiration), as well as at its bottom plane (percolation and capillary rise) is obtained. A permanent
Soil Technology, 1997
Surface microrelief substantially affects surface sealing, runoff, and soil erosion processes on ... more Surface microrelief substantially affects surface sealing, runoff, and soil erosion processes on bare soils. Yet, the stability of microrelief for different antecedent soil water contents and rainstorms is not well understood. This study investigates the effect of surface microrelief and antecedent water content on the decay of microrelief under different rainstorm regimes. Two different rainstorm regimes were studied in laboratory experiments: continuous rainfall for a total amount of 60 mm applied at 30 mm/h intensity, and intermittent rainfall consisting of five successive rainstorms of 12 mm each, again with an intensity of 30 mm/h and separated by one week drying cycles. Rough, medium, and fine microrelief surface conditions representing different degrees of seedbed preparation were studied for three soils at antecedent soil water contents of 2-4% and 14-20%. Before and after rainfall, digital elevation models determining the surface microrelief were developed using a laser scanner with 2 mm grid spacing. The specific surface area calculated from microrelief data was used as an index to characterize microrelief. Microrelief stability increased with increasing initial roughness and was much higher for the antecedent wet soils than for the dry soils. Microrelief stability for the continuous rainstorm regime was higher than for intermittent rainfall. Differences in microrelief stability were mostly attributed to different aggregate stabilities. Additionally, the higher stability for the rougher microrelief surfaces was attributed to the lower drop impact density and splash density on the surfaces with larger specific surface area. Aggregate slaking due to air escape and rapid wetting was found to be responsible for the low microrelief stability at initially dry conditions.
Soil Technology, 1993
... On the other hand tab. ... List of mathematical symbols Ah difference in height Y semivarianc... more ... On the other hand tab. ... List of mathematical symbols Ah difference in height Y semivariance sum zx~ elevation point ' corrected elevation point Zzy References ALLMARAS, RR, BURWELL, RE, LARSON, WE, HOLT, RF & NEL-SON, WW (1966)" Total porosity and random ...
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2008
ABSTRACT Two soil–water balance models were tested by a comparison of simulated with measured dai... more ABSTRACT Two soil–water balance models were tested by a comparison of simulated with measured daily rates of actual evapotranspiration, soil water storage, groundwater recharge, and capillary rise. These rates were obtained from twelve weighable lysimeters with three different soils and two different lower boundary conditions for the time period from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998. In that period, grass vegetation was grown on all lysimeters. These lysimeters are located in Berlin-Dahlem, Germany. One model calculated the soil water balance using the Richards equation. The other one used a capacitance approach. Both models used the same modified Penman formula for the estimation of potential evapotranspiration and the same simple empirical vegetation model for the calculation of transpiration, interception, and evaporation. The comparisons of simulated with measured model outputs were analyzed using the modeling-efficiency index IA and the root mean squared error RMSE. At some lysimeters, the uncalibrated application of both models led to an underestimation of cumulative and annual rates of groundwater recharge and capillary rise, despite a good simulation quality in terms of IA and RMSE. A calibration of soil-hydraulic and vegetation parameters such as maximum rooting depth resulted in a better fit between simulated and observed cumulative and annual rates of groundwater recharge and capillary rise, but in some cases also decreased the simulation quality of both models in terms of IA and RMSE. The results of this calibration indicated that, in addition to a precise determination of the soil water-retention functions, vegetation parameters such as rooting depth should also be observed. Without such information, the rooting depth is a calibration parameter. However, in some cases, the uncalibrated application of both models also led to an acceptable fit between measured and simulated model outputs.
European Journal of Soil Biology, 2002
This study is a first approach of the impact of soil compaction due to trafficking by machinery o... more This study is a first approach of the impact of soil compaction due to trafficking by machinery on earthworm burrow systems. To this end, two experiments were established. In the first one, microcosms were incubated in the laboratory for 70 d with Lumbricus terrestris or Aporrectodea giardi. In the second experiment, soil cores were excavated from a sugar beet field mainly colonised by L. terrestris and Aporrectodea caliginosa. The cores were then artificially compacted at 0.12 MPa or 0.25 MPa (which corresponds to the compaction due to trafficking by machinery in the field) or remained non-compacted. The whole cores were submitted to an X-ray computed tomography scan. This method allowed to compare the characteristics of the entire burrow system (total and mean burrowed length, mean length and number of burrows) and of the burrows themselves (number, area and roundness of pores constituting the burrows) in the compacted and non-compacted cores. The results showed that soil compaction contributes to close numerous pores, reduce mean length of burrows and increase the number of fragmented burrows. We concluded that soil compaction affects to a large extent the functionality of burrow systems by fragmenting them and affecting their continuity. This impact increases with the intensity of compaction. The applied soil compaction mainly affected the burrows located in the upper part of the soil. From a general point of view and especially for the upper part of the cores, horizontal burrows seemed to be more affected by compaction than vertical or oblique ones. Globally, the effects of soil compaction were especially observed at the greatest applied pressure (0.25 MPa). At 0.12 MPa, the damage to the burrows was less obvious.
Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 1996
Mit Hilfe der Röntgen‐Computertomographie wurde das Bodengefüge an Stechzylinderproben aus zwei 2... more Mit Hilfe der Röntgen‐Computertomographie wurde das Bodengefüge an Stechzylinderproben aus zwei 20 Jahre alten Lysimetermonolithen und von deren Herkunftsfläche analysiert. Der Vergleich weist im Fall des Sandlöβ‐Pseudogleys lediglich für die Tiefe 50–60 cm Unterschiede aus, die sich auf eine hohe mechanische Belastung der Herkunftsfläche kurze Zeit vor der Beprobung zurückführen lassen. Dieser Unterschied wird durch die gravimetrisch bestimmten Lagerungsdichten untermauert.
Applied Soil Ecology, 2001
The influence of two anecic earthworm species, Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea giardi, on t... more The influence of two anecic earthworm species, Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea giardi, on the soil adjacent to their burrows was studied in the laboratory. The morphological, physical and biochemical characteristics of the burrow walls were compared with those of ...
Springer Series in Physical Environment, 1993
Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1989
Column experiments were carried out to quantify the effect of earthworms on compacted soil. The e... more Column experiments were carried out to quantify the effect of earthworms on compacted soil. The earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) were able to burrow into soil which was artificially compacted to a pore volume as low as 40%; they may also penetrate an artificial "plough pan" deep in the soil. The effect of the burrowing activity of Lumbricus terrestris was quantified by measuring hydraulic conductivities and infiltration rates through the whole soil column (19 cm wide, 40 cm long). Morphological parameters, mainly the vertically projected burrow depth, were correlated with the saturated hydraulic conductivity. The amount of casts deposited by Lumbricus terrestris on the soil surface increased with the degree of soil compaction. The bulk density of casts was always less than that of the original soil.
Modelling water and nutrient dynamics in soil–crop systems, 2007
The performance of the water balance and crop growth model SIMWASER to estimate either the capill... more The performance of the water balance and crop growth model SIMWASER to estimate either the capillary rise from shallow groundwater or the N leaching from a deep soil profile was demonstrated using measurements on the one hand from the Berlin- Dahlem lysimeter station and on the other hand from the Bad Lauchstädt experimental field. In case of the Berlin-Dahlem data,
Modelling water and nutrient dynamics in soil–crop systems, 2007
The lysimeter station at Berlin-Dahlem consists of 12 weighable lysimeters in each of which all c... more The lysimeter station at Berlin-Dahlem consists of 12 weighable lysimeters in each of which all components of the soil water balance can be measured. A permanent record of the weight of the water entering or leaving the monolith at its upper surface (precipitation and evapotranspiration), as well as at its bottom plane (percolation and capillary rise) is obtained. A permanent
Soil Technology, 1997
Surface microrelief substantially affects surface sealing, runoff, and soil erosion processes on ... more Surface microrelief substantially affects surface sealing, runoff, and soil erosion processes on bare soils. Yet, the stability of microrelief for different antecedent soil water contents and rainstorms is not well understood. This study investigates the effect of surface microrelief and antecedent water content on the decay of microrelief under different rainstorm regimes. Two different rainstorm regimes were studied in laboratory experiments: continuous rainfall for a total amount of 60 mm applied at 30 mm/h intensity, and intermittent rainfall consisting of five successive rainstorms of 12 mm each, again with an intensity of 30 mm/h and separated by one week drying cycles. Rough, medium, and fine microrelief surface conditions representing different degrees of seedbed preparation were studied for three soils at antecedent soil water contents of 2-4% and 14-20%. Before and after rainfall, digital elevation models determining the surface microrelief were developed using a laser scanner with 2 mm grid spacing. The specific surface area calculated from microrelief data was used as an index to characterize microrelief. Microrelief stability increased with increasing initial roughness and was much higher for the antecedent wet soils than for the dry soils. Microrelief stability for the continuous rainstorm regime was higher than for intermittent rainfall. Differences in microrelief stability were mostly attributed to different aggregate stabilities. Additionally, the higher stability for the rougher microrelief surfaces was attributed to the lower drop impact density and splash density on the surfaces with larger specific surface area. Aggregate slaking due to air escape and rapid wetting was found to be responsible for the low microrelief stability at initially dry conditions.
Soil Technology, 1993
... On the other hand tab. ... List of mathematical symbols Ah difference in height Y semivarianc... more ... On the other hand tab. ... List of mathematical symbols Ah difference in height Y semivariance sum zx~ elevation point ' corrected elevation point Zzy References ALLMARAS, RR, BURWELL, RE, LARSON, WE, HOLT, RF & NEL-SON, WW (1966)" Total porosity and random ...
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2008
ABSTRACT Two soil–water balance models were tested by a comparison of simulated with measured dai... more ABSTRACT Two soil–water balance models were tested by a comparison of simulated with measured daily rates of actual evapotranspiration, soil water storage, groundwater recharge, and capillary rise. These rates were obtained from twelve weighable lysimeters with three different soils and two different lower boundary conditions for the time period from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998. In that period, grass vegetation was grown on all lysimeters. These lysimeters are located in Berlin-Dahlem, Germany. One model calculated the soil water balance using the Richards equation. The other one used a capacitance approach. Both models used the same modified Penman formula for the estimation of potential evapotranspiration and the same simple empirical vegetation model for the calculation of transpiration, interception, and evaporation. The comparisons of simulated with measured model outputs were analyzed using the modeling-efficiency index IA and the root mean squared error RMSE. At some lysimeters, the uncalibrated application of both models led to an underestimation of cumulative and annual rates of groundwater recharge and capillary rise, despite a good simulation quality in terms of IA and RMSE. A calibration of soil-hydraulic and vegetation parameters such as maximum rooting depth resulted in a better fit between simulated and observed cumulative and annual rates of groundwater recharge and capillary rise, but in some cases also decreased the simulation quality of both models in terms of IA and RMSE. The results of this calibration indicated that, in addition to a precise determination of the soil water-retention functions, vegetation parameters such as rooting depth should also be observed. Without such information, the rooting depth is a calibration parameter. However, in some cases, the uncalibrated application of both models also led to an acceptable fit between measured and simulated model outputs.
European Journal of Soil Biology, 2002
This study is a first approach of the impact of soil compaction due to trafficking by machinery o... more This study is a first approach of the impact of soil compaction due to trafficking by machinery on earthworm burrow systems. To this end, two experiments were established. In the first one, microcosms were incubated in the laboratory for 70 d with Lumbricus terrestris or Aporrectodea giardi. In the second experiment, soil cores were excavated from a sugar beet field mainly colonised by L. terrestris and Aporrectodea caliginosa. The cores were then artificially compacted at 0.12 MPa or 0.25 MPa (which corresponds to the compaction due to trafficking by machinery in the field) or remained non-compacted. The whole cores were submitted to an X-ray computed tomography scan. This method allowed to compare the characteristics of the entire burrow system (total and mean burrowed length, mean length and number of burrows) and of the burrows themselves (number, area and roundness of pores constituting the burrows) in the compacted and non-compacted cores. The results showed that soil compaction contributes to close numerous pores, reduce mean length of burrows and increase the number of fragmented burrows. We concluded that soil compaction affects to a large extent the functionality of burrow systems by fragmenting them and affecting their continuity. This impact increases with the intensity of compaction. The applied soil compaction mainly affected the burrows located in the upper part of the soil. From a general point of view and especially for the upper part of the cores, horizontal burrows seemed to be more affected by compaction than vertical or oblique ones. Globally, the effects of soil compaction were especially observed at the greatest applied pressure (0.25 MPa). At 0.12 MPa, the damage to the burrows was less obvious.
Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 1996
Mit Hilfe der Röntgen‐Computertomographie wurde das Bodengefüge an Stechzylinderproben aus zwei 2... more Mit Hilfe der Röntgen‐Computertomographie wurde das Bodengefüge an Stechzylinderproben aus zwei 20 Jahre alten Lysimetermonolithen und von deren Herkunftsfläche analysiert. Der Vergleich weist im Fall des Sandlöβ‐Pseudogleys lediglich für die Tiefe 50–60 cm Unterschiede aus, die sich auf eine hohe mechanische Belastung der Herkunftsfläche kurze Zeit vor der Beprobung zurückführen lassen. Dieser Unterschied wird durch die gravimetrisch bestimmten Lagerungsdichten untermauert.
Applied Soil Ecology, 2001
The influence of two anecic earthworm species, Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea giardi, on t... more The influence of two anecic earthworm species, Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea giardi, on the soil adjacent to their burrows was studied in the laboratory. The morphological, physical and biochemical characteristics of the burrow walls were compared with those of ...