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Papers by Helmut Echtler
Frontiers in Earth Science
We investigate permafrost surface features revealed from satellite radar data in the Siberian arc... more We investigate permafrost surface features revealed from satellite radar data in the Siberian arctic at the Yamal peninsula. Surface dynamics analysis based on SRTM and TanDEM-X DEMs shows up to 2 m net loss of surface relief between 2000 and 2014 indicating a highly dynamic landscape. Surface features for the past 14 years reflect an increase in small stream channels and a number of new lakes that developed, likely caused by permafrost thaw. We used Sentinel-1 SAR imagery to measure permafrost surface changes. Owing to limited observation data we analyzed only 2 years. The InSAR time-series has detected surface displacements in three distinct spatial locations during 2017 and 2018. At these three locations, 60–120 mm/yr rates of seasonal surface permafrost changes are observed. Spatial location of seasonal ground displacements aligns well with lithology. One of them is located on marine sediments and is linked to anthropogenic impact on permafrost stability. Two other areas are loc...
Kyrgyzstan is landlocked mountainous nation of around five million people, which borders China, K... more Kyrgyzstan is landlocked mountainous nation of around five million people, which borders China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The total area of high mountainous terrain, alpine meadows and pastures exceeds 70% of the Republic's territory, whereas the greater part of the Kyrgyz Republic is occupied by the Tien-Shan mountains. Kyrgyzstan is a highly active seismic region and has been shaken by numerous significant earthquakes as a consequence of the ongoing collision between the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. In the result, the mountainous country is faced with a large variety of natural hazards (mainly earthquakes, large landslides and floods) which frequently lead to the occurrence of natural disaster (e.g., 1994: about 1,000 landslides failed and 115 human fatalities; 2008: Nura earthquake M=6.6, 74 human fatalities and 150 injured, 90 glacial lakes endangered for regularly occurring outburst floods). Under these conditions, there is high demand for efficient and...
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2013
Bounding flanks of orogenic plateaus are among the most sensitive features for recording the tect... more Bounding flanks of orogenic plateaus are among the most sensitive features for recording the tectonic drivers for and geomorphic responses to surface uplift. Here, processes from the base of the lithosphere to the surface of the crust are integrated in the geologic record, providing key constraints for deciphering the geodynamic processes that drive orogen growth. The southern margin of the
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2012
Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences
Tectonophysics, 1997
The Rhine Graben, part of the European Cenozoic rift system, deserves special attention because o... more The Rhine Graben, part of the European Cenozoic rift system, deserves special attention because of its location in the foreland of the Alpine orogen. The Phanerozoic evolution of the lithosphere in this region is defined by a set of major geodynamic events ranging from the Variscan orogeny, late-orogenic crustal re-equilibration to the interference of rifting and Alpine orogeny in Tertiary times.The Rhine Graben is one of the most detailedly studied continental grabens. Prospecting for hydrocarbons in its sedimentary fill and intensive pre-site studies for the Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB) on its eastern crystalline flank (Black Forest) provided a comprehensive set of geoscience data. Seismic investigations ranging from a deep seismic network of near-vertical reflection to concurrent wide-angle refraction experiments were accompanied by seismological and geological surveys. Therefore, a direct observational comparison between the two depth definitions of crustal subdivisio...
Crustal-scale reverse faults - seismic reflection profiles The ENAP offshore seismic reflection l... more Crustal-scale reverse faults - seismic reflection profiles The ENAP offshore seismic reflection lines co ver the continental shelf of the Arauco region. Our interpretation of these lines reveals high-angle blind reverse faults, associated fault-propagation folds, and related syntectonic sequences. The seismic stratigraphy correlated with ENAP boreholes (Mordojovich, 1981) and the geometry of growth strata documents ~8% of late Pliocene to Recent shortening and landward migration of the deformation. Our mapping of the se structures coincides with the coastaJ geomorphology and shows that the Arauco Peninsula is bounded by NW-striking structures to the south, and NE-striking faults to the north. This convergence focuses shortening and surface uplift, ultimately resulting in the emergence of the Arauco Peninsula during the Quaternary.
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen
ABSTRACT
Frontiers in Earth Science
We investigate permafrost surface features revealed from satellite radar data in the Siberian arc... more We investigate permafrost surface features revealed from satellite radar data in the Siberian arctic at the Yamal peninsula. Surface dynamics analysis based on SRTM and TanDEM-X DEMs shows up to 2 m net loss of surface relief between 2000 and 2014 indicating a highly dynamic landscape. Surface features for the past 14 years reflect an increase in small stream channels and a number of new lakes that developed, likely caused by permafrost thaw. We used Sentinel-1 SAR imagery to measure permafrost surface changes. Owing to limited observation data we analyzed only 2 years. The InSAR time-series has detected surface displacements in three distinct spatial locations during 2017 and 2018. At these three locations, 60–120 mm/yr rates of seasonal surface permafrost changes are observed. Spatial location of seasonal ground displacements aligns well with lithology. One of them is located on marine sediments and is linked to anthropogenic impact on permafrost stability. Two other areas are loc...
Kyrgyzstan is landlocked mountainous nation of around five million people, which borders China, K... more Kyrgyzstan is landlocked mountainous nation of around five million people, which borders China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The total area of high mountainous terrain, alpine meadows and pastures exceeds 70% of the Republic's territory, whereas the greater part of the Kyrgyz Republic is occupied by the Tien-Shan mountains. Kyrgyzstan is a highly active seismic region and has been shaken by numerous significant earthquakes as a consequence of the ongoing collision between the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. In the result, the mountainous country is faced with a large variety of natural hazards (mainly earthquakes, large landslides and floods) which frequently lead to the occurrence of natural disaster (e.g., 1994: about 1,000 landslides failed and 115 human fatalities; 2008: Nura earthquake M=6.6, 74 human fatalities and 150 injured, 90 glacial lakes endangered for regularly occurring outburst floods). Under these conditions, there is high demand for efficient and...
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2013
Bounding flanks of orogenic plateaus are among the most sensitive features for recording the tect... more Bounding flanks of orogenic plateaus are among the most sensitive features for recording the tectonic drivers for and geomorphic responses to surface uplift. Here, processes from the base of the lithosphere to the surface of the crust are integrated in the geologic record, providing key constraints for deciphering the geodynamic processes that drive orogen growth. The southern margin of the
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2012
Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences
Tectonophysics, 1997
The Rhine Graben, part of the European Cenozoic rift system, deserves special attention because o... more The Rhine Graben, part of the European Cenozoic rift system, deserves special attention because of its location in the foreland of the Alpine orogen. The Phanerozoic evolution of the lithosphere in this region is defined by a set of major geodynamic events ranging from the Variscan orogeny, late-orogenic crustal re-equilibration to the interference of rifting and Alpine orogeny in Tertiary times.The Rhine Graben is one of the most detailedly studied continental grabens. Prospecting for hydrocarbons in its sedimentary fill and intensive pre-site studies for the Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB) on its eastern crystalline flank (Black Forest) provided a comprehensive set of geoscience data. Seismic investigations ranging from a deep seismic network of near-vertical reflection to concurrent wide-angle refraction experiments were accompanied by seismological and geological surveys. Therefore, a direct observational comparison between the two depth definitions of crustal subdivisio...
Crustal-scale reverse faults - seismic reflection profiles The ENAP offshore seismic reflection l... more Crustal-scale reverse faults - seismic reflection profiles The ENAP offshore seismic reflection lines co ver the continental shelf of the Arauco region. Our interpretation of these lines reveals high-angle blind reverse faults, associated fault-propagation folds, and related syntectonic sequences. The seismic stratigraphy correlated with ENAP boreholes (Mordojovich, 1981) and the geometry of growth strata documents ~8% of late Pliocene to Recent shortening and landward migration of the deformation. Our mapping of the se structures coincides with the coastaJ geomorphology and shows that the Arauco Peninsula is bounded by NW-striking structures to the south, and NE-striking faults to the north. This convergence focuses shortening and surface uplift, ultimately resulting in the emergence of the Arauco Peninsula during the Quaternary.
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen
ABSTRACT