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Strategy in the Contemporary World
This chapter discusses the history of the practice of strategy from Antiquity to the First World ... more This chapter discusses the history of the practice of strategy from Antiquity to the First World War. After introducing the reader to the various definitions of strategy, the chapter considers sources of Antiquity about warfare, from ancient Greece and Rome to the time of Rome's Constantinopolitan (Byzantine) successors. Justinian I and Heraclius. It then examines episodes of European history since antiquity for which historians claim to have found evidence of the practice of strategy. In particular, it looks at the West European Middle Ages, which saw the rise of complex decision-making involving multiple tools — strategy. It also analyses the transformation of warfare and of strategy in early modern Europe, covering case studies that span the wars involving Philip II of Spain, Louis XIV of France, and Frederick II of Prussia, as well as the American War of Independence and the Napoleonic Wars.
Small Wars & Insurgencies, 2014
The new readiness of the Museum to do so is indicative of the way in which the approach taken to ... more The new readiness of the Museum to do so is indicative of the way in which the approach taken to its work has recently changed; a fresh approach which in turn stems from the successful application made by the Museum to the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) in May 2012 for an initial grant to undertake the complete redevelopment of the site in Chelsea. Assuming that the HLF approves the final plans-and matching funding is raised-the Museum will close in April 2014 for a two-year period to enable its interior to be removed and new galleries installed. The project will cost £22,750,000. Clearly, prospective donors are unlikely to be attracted to the enterprise if the intention were simply to tell the story of the British Army in the same chronological fashion that the Museum currently does, or even as it has in the past, with galleries devoted to specific types of exhibit-paintings, weapons, uniforms, and medals. Consequently, an ambitious new interpretation strategy has been put in train, which will see the Museum's displays grouped in themes. These include 'Soldier', looking at the serviceman's life cycle (recruitment, training, daily life, combat, and demobilisation); 'Battle', its planning, preparation, execution, aftermath and the change and innovation that results from the British Army's key engagements; 'Army', what the British Army is, how it is organised, what it is like to be part of, and how it has changed over time; 'Society', examining the Army's relationship with civilians and the responses provoked; and 'History', intended to guide the visitor in discovering more not only about the British Army and its impact on national and world events, but how
The RD's civil and military researchers come from a variety of disciplines and interests covering... more The RD's civil and military researchers come from a variety of disciplines and interests covering a broad spectrum of securityrelated issues. They conduct research on topics which are of interest to the political and military decision-making bodies of the Alliance and its member states. Portions of this NDC Forum Paper may be quoted or reprinted without special permission for academic purposes, provided that a standard source credit line is included.
Miliary Exercises, Command Post Exercises and War Games serve to test procedures, but in some for... more Miliary Exercises, Command Post Exercises and War Games serve to test procedures, but in some forms also serve to signal ability to defend against aggression, or to intimidate neighbours with the threat of aggression. Some indicators suggest that the solidarity of NATO and the EU is decreasing, and with it a plausible nuclear deterrence posture. This article discusses whether recent exercises and TV war games make matters better or worse.
Strategy Before Clausewitz, 2017
Strategy Before Clausewitz, 2017
Strategy Before Clausewitz, 2017
British Journal for Military History, 2015
Napoleon and his supposed recipe for victory became the great model for subsequent generations of... more Napoleon and his supposed recipe for victory became the great model for subsequent generations of strategists. This is odd in the light of his epic defeats of Leipzig and Waterloo, and of the total disappearance of his empire. This essay examines whether and to what extent this is due to the first three great analysts of his ‘way of war’, Ruhle von Lilienstern and Clausewitz in the German-speaking world, and francophone Jomini. We find their analysis sufficiently complex to exculpate them in part from the excessive adulation of Napoleon by following strategists. Nevertheless, especially Clausewitz’s and Jomini’s writing focused so much on Napoleonic warfare that through this his way of war came to dominate strategic thinking.
Zweiter Kalter Krieg und Friedensbewegung, 2011
Penseurs de la stratégie, 2014
Nuclear Mentalities?, 1998
Britain has played a crucial role in the formulation of NATO nuclear strategy, wielding dispropor... more Britain has played a crucial role in the formulation of NATO nuclear strategy, wielding disproportionally large influence. Foremost among the doctrinal points which her governments emphasised was their belief in the deterrent function of nuclear weapons, and the prevention of any attack on Western Europe, not just a nuclear one, through nuclear deterrence. In case deterrence failed, however, Britain’s preferred strategy has always been one in which the United States with its much greater arsenal would be using its nuclear weapons in conjunction with the United Kingdom.
The Evolution of Strategy
NATO, Britain, France and the FRG, 1997
Like many other countries, France had had her own nuclear programme before World War II. Together... more Like many other countries, France had had her own nuclear programme before World War II. Together with scientists from the United States, Britain and Canada, French physicists contributed to the Manhattan project.1 After the war, France reconstituted a nuclear research programme, barred like Britain from technology-sharing with the US through the McMahon Act of 1946.2 From 1950, the French military undertook some preliminary studies of the effect of nuclear weapons on the conduct of war.3 In 1952 the Government of Antoine Pinay, with the approval of the National Assembly, ordered the constitution of two weapons-grade piles of plutonium.4 This later gave France the option of developing military applications.5 Yet until 1954, the French nuclear programme was still general enough to be directed towards both civilian and military applications.
SIRIUS – Zeitschrift für Strategische Analysen
Kurzfassung Vor allem in der deutschen Diskussion über Russlands Angriffskrieg gegen die Ukraine ... more Kurzfassung Vor allem in der deutschen Diskussion über Russlands Angriffskrieg gegen die Ukraine werden immer wieder Forderungen nach diplomatisch verhandelten Kompromissen zur Kriegsbeendigung laut. Verschiedene Möglichkeiten sind vorstellbar, doch hat keine das Potenzial, die Basis für einen halbwegs dauerhaften Friedensschluss zu bilden. Schaut man sich die Geschichte der Beendigung europäischer Kriege an, so zeigt sich, dass in der Konfrontation mit einem derart nationalistisch und kompromisslos auftretenden Akteur wie Russland der einzige Weg zu einem beständigen Frieden ein Regimewechsel ist. Dieser kann und darf nicht von außen bewirkt werden. Daher ist in diesem Fall eine Politik der Gegenmachtbildung des Westens vorerst die einzig verbleibende Strategie.
Strategy in the Contemporary World
This chapter discusses the history of the practice of strategy from Antiquity to the First World ... more This chapter discusses the history of the practice of strategy from Antiquity to the First World War. After introducing the reader to the various definitions of strategy, the chapter considers sources of Antiquity about warfare, from ancient Greece and Rome to the time of Rome's Constantinopolitan (Byzantine) successors. Justinian I and Heraclius. It then examines episodes of European history since antiquity for which historians claim to have found evidence of the practice of strategy. In particular, it looks at the West European Middle Ages, which saw the rise of complex decision-making involving multiple tools — strategy. It also analyses the transformation of warfare and of strategy in early modern Europe, covering case studies that span the wars involving Philip II of Spain, Louis XIV of France, and Frederick II of Prussia, as well as the American War of Independence and the Napoleonic Wars.
Small Wars & Insurgencies, 2014
The new readiness of the Museum to do so is indicative of the way in which the approach taken to ... more The new readiness of the Museum to do so is indicative of the way in which the approach taken to its work has recently changed; a fresh approach which in turn stems from the successful application made by the Museum to the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) in May 2012 for an initial grant to undertake the complete redevelopment of the site in Chelsea. Assuming that the HLF approves the final plans-and matching funding is raised-the Museum will close in April 2014 for a two-year period to enable its interior to be removed and new galleries installed. The project will cost £22,750,000. Clearly, prospective donors are unlikely to be attracted to the enterprise if the intention were simply to tell the story of the British Army in the same chronological fashion that the Museum currently does, or even as it has in the past, with galleries devoted to specific types of exhibit-paintings, weapons, uniforms, and medals. Consequently, an ambitious new interpretation strategy has been put in train, which will see the Museum's displays grouped in themes. These include 'Soldier', looking at the serviceman's life cycle (recruitment, training, daily life, combat, and demobilisation); 'Battle', its planning, preparation, execution, aftermath and the change and innovation that results from the British Army's key engagements; 'Army', what the British Army is, how it is organised, what it is like to be part of, and how it has changed over time; 'Society', examining the Army's relationship with civilians and the responses provoked; and 'History', intended to guide the visitor in discovering more not only about the British Army and its impact on national and world events, but how
The RD's civil and military researchers come from a variety of disciplines and interests covering... more The RD's civil and military researchers come from a variety of disciplines and interests covering a broad spectrum of securityrelated issues. They conduct research on topics which are of interest to the political and military decision-making bodies of the Alliance and its member states. Portions of this NDC Forum Paper may be quoted or reprinted without special permission for academic purposes, provided that a standard source credit line is included.
Miliary Exercises, Command Post Exercises and War Games serve to test procedures, but in some for... more Miliary Exercises, Command Post Exercises and War Games serve to test procedures, but in some forms also serve to signal ability to defend against aggression, or to intimidate neighbours with the threat of aggression. Some indicators suggest that the solidarity of NATO and the EU is decreasing, and with it a plausible nuclear deterrence posture. This article discusses whether recent exercises and TV war games make matters better or worse.
Strategy Before Clausewitz, 2017
Strategy Before Clausewitz, 2017
Strategy Before Clausewitz, 2017
British Journal for Military History, 2015
Napoleon and his supposed recipe for victory became the great model for subsequent generations of... more Napoleon and his supposed recipe for victory became the great model for subsequent generations of strategists. This is odd in the light of his epic defeats of Leipzig and Waterloo, and of the total disappearance of his empire. This essay examines whether and to what extent this is due to the first three great analysts of his ‘way of war’, Ruhle von Lilienstern and Clausewitz in the German-speaking world, and francophone Jomini. We find their analysis sufficiently complex to exculpate them in part from the excessive adulation of Napoleon by following strategists. Nevertheless, especially Clausewitz’s and Jomini’s writing focused so much on Napoleonic warfare that through this his way of war came to dominate strategic thinking.
Zweiter Kalter Krieg und Friedensbewegung, 2011
Penseurs de la stratégie, 2014
Nuclear Mentalities?, 1998
Britain has played a crucial role in the formulation of NATO nuclear strategy, wielding dispropor... more Britain has played a crucial role in the formulation of NATO nuclear strategy, wielding disproportionally large influence. Foremost among the doctrinal points which her governments emphasised was their belief in the deterrent function of nuclear weapons, and the prevention of any attack on Western Europe, not just a nuclear one, through nuclear deterrence. In case deterrence failed, however, Britain’s preferred strategy has always been one in which the United States with its much greater arsenal would be using its nuclear weapons in conjunction with the United Kingdom.
The Evolution of Strategy
NATO, Britain, France and the FRG, 1997
Like many other countries, France had had her own nuclear programme before World War II. Together... more Like many other countries, France had had her own nuclear programme before World War II. Together with scientists from the United States, Britain and Canada, French physicists contributed to the Manhattan project.1 After the war, France reconstituted a nuclear research programme, barred like Britain from technology-sharing with the US through the McMahon Act of 1946.2 From 1950, the French military undertook some preliminary studies of the effect of nuclear weapons on the conduct of war.3 In 1952 the Government of Antoine Pinay, with the approval of the National Assembly, ordered the constitution of two weapons-grade piles of plutonium.4 This later gave France the option of developing military applications.5 Yet until 1954, the French nuclear programme was still general enough to be directed towards both civilian and military applications.
SIRIUS – Zeitschrift für Strategische Analysen
Kurzfassung Vor allem in der deutschen Diskussion über Russlands Angriffskrieg gegen die Ukraine ... more Kurzfassung Vor allem in der deutschen Diskussion über Russlands Angriffskrieg gegen die Ukraine werden immer wieder Forderungen nach diplomatisch verhandelten Kompromissen zur Kriegsbeendigung laut. Verschiedene Möglichkeiten sind vorstellbar, doch hat keine das Potenzial, die Basis für einen halbwegs dauerhaften Friedensschluss zu bilden. Schaut man sich die Geschichte der Beendigung europäischer Kriege an, so zeigt sich, dass in der Konfrontation mit einem derart nationalistisch und kompromisslos auftretenden Akteur wie Russland der einzige Weg zu einem beständigen Frieden ein Regimewechsel ist. Dieser kann und darf nicht von außen bewirkt werden. Daher ist in diesem Fall eine Politik der Gegenmachtbildung des Westens vorerst die einzig verbleibende Strategie.