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Papers by Hezekiah Blake

Research paper thumbnail of Association of the neutral endopeptidase (MME) gene with anxiety

Psychiatric Genetics, 2000

Enkephalins have been implicated in the regulation of mood, anxiety, reward, euphoria and pain. O... more Enkephalins have been implicated in the regulation of mood, anxiety, reward, euphoria and pain. One of the major enzymes for enkephalin degradation is neutral endopeptidase [enkephalinase, membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME)]. We identified a dinucleotide polymorphism in the 5' region of the MME gene. Subjects were placed into three genotypes, 3/3, 3/x, and x/x since the 3 allele was the most common of the six alleles. Using one-way analysis of variance, we examined the association of these genotypes with the mean SCL-90 scores for anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive and phobic anxiety symptoms in 120 Caucasian males from an addiction treatment unit. There was a significant association between the MME genotypes and the SCL-90 scores for phobic anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and anxiety at a Bonferroni corrected alpha value of 0.0125. These results support a role of genetic variants of enkephalin metabolism in anxiety.

Research paper thumbnail of Polygenes associated with intravenous drug use

Psychiatric Genetics, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of The proenkephalin gene (PENK) and opioid dependence

NeuroReport, 1999

We tested the hypothesis that the alleles at the (CA)n repeat of the proenkephalin gene (PENK) mi... more We tested the hypothesis that the alleles at the (CA)n repeat of the proenkephalin gene (PENK) might be associated with opioid addiction in 31 non-Hispanic Caucasian subjects with opioid dependence (heroin), 89 ethnically matched subjects with substance dependence other than opioid dependence and 132 controls. Among the subjects with opioid dependence, 66% carried the > or = 81 bp allele compared with 40% of subjects with other types of substance abuse (chi2 = 11.31, p < 0.004) and 49% of controls (chi2 = 6.0, p < 0.015). These results are consistent with a role of the PENK gene in opioid dependence.

Research paper thumbnail of Correlation of length of VNTR alleles at the X-linked MAOA gene and phenotypic effect in Tourette syndrome and drug abuse

Molecular Psychiatry, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of Multivariate analysis of associations of 42 genes in ADHD, ODD and conduct disorder

Research paper thumbnail of Additive effect of three noradrenergic genes (ADRA2A, ADRA2C, DBH) on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities in Tourette syndrome subjects

Research paper thumbnail of A multivariate analysis of 59 candidate genes in personality traits: the temperament and character inventory

Research paper thumbnail of The additive effect of neurotransmitter genes in pathological gambling

Research paper thumbnail of Association Between the γ-Aminobutyric Acid A3 Receptor Gene and Multiple Sclerosis

Archives of Neurology, 1998

... 55, n o 4, pp. 513-516 (36 ref.) Langue / Language. Anglais Editeur / Publisher. American Med... more ... 55, n o 4, pp. 513-516 (36 ref.) Langue / Language. Anglais Editeur / Publisher. American Medical Association, Chicago, IL, ETATS-UNIS (1960) (Revue) Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords. Multiple sclerosis. ; Gabaergic receptor A. ; Subtype. ; Gene. ; Allele. ; Frequency. ; ...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of the role of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline genes in ADHD, ODD and conduct disorder: multivariate regression analysis of 20 genes

Research paper thumbnail of Association of the neutral endopeptidase (MME) gene with anxiety

Psychiatric Genetics, 2000

Enkephalins have been implicated in the regulation of mood, anxiety, reward, euphoria and pain. O... more Enkephalins have been implicated in the regulation of mood, anxiety, reward, euphoria and pain. One of the major enzymes for enkephalin degradation is neutral endopeptidase [enkephalinase, membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME)]. We identified a dinucleotide polymorphism in the 5' region of the MME gene. Subjects were placed into three genotypes, 3/3, 3/x, and x/x since the 3 allele was the most common of the six alleles. Using one-way analysis of variance, we examined the association of these genotypes with the mean SCL-90 scores for anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive and phobic anxiety symptoms in 120 Caucasian males from an addiction treatment unit. There was a significant association between the MME genotypes and the SCL-90 scores for phobic anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and anxiety at a Bonferroni corrected alpha value of 0.0125. These results support a role of genetic variants of enkephalin metabolism in anxiety.

Research paper thumbnail of Polygenes associated with intravenous drug use

Psychiatric Genetics, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of The proenkephalin gene (PENK) and opioid dependence

NeuroReport, 1999

We tested the hypothesis that the alleles at the (CA)n repeat of the proenkephalin gene (PENK) mi... more We tested the hypothesis that the alleles at the (CA)n repeat of the proenkephalin gene (PENK) might be associated with opioid addiction in 31 non-Hispanic Caucasian subjects with opioid dependence (heroin), 89 ethnically matched subjects with substance dependence other than opioid dependence and 132 controls. Among the subjects with opioid dependence, 66% carried the > or = 81 bp allele compared with 40% of subjects with other types of substance abuse (chi2 = 11.31, p < 0.004) and 49% of controls (chi2 = 6.0, p < 0.015). These results are consistent with a role of the PENK gene in opioid dependence.

Research paper thumbnail of Correlation of length of VNTR alleles at the X-linked MAOA gene and phenotypic effect in Tourette syndrome and drug abuse

Molecular Psychiatry, 1998

Research paper thumbnail of Multivariate analysis of associations of 42 genes in ADHD, ODD and conduct disorder

Research paper thumbnail of Additive effect of three noradrenergic genes (ADRA2A, ADRA2C, DBH) on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities in Tourette syndrome subjects

Research paper thumbnail of A multivariate analysis of 59 candidate genes in personality traits: the temperament and character inventory

Research paper thumbnail of The additive effect of neurotransmitter genes in pathological gambling

Research paper thumbnail of Association Between the γ-Aminobutyric Acid A3 Receptor Gene and Multiple Sclerosis

Archives of Neurology, 1998

... 55, n o 4, pp. 513-516 (36 ref.) Langue / Language. Anglais Editeur / Publisher. American Med... more ... 55, n o 4, pp. 513-516 (36 ref.) Langue / Language. Anglais Editeur / Publisher. American Medical Association, Chicago, IL, ETATS-UNIS (1960) (Revue) Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords. Multiple sclerosis. ; Gabaergic receptor A. ; Subtype. ; Gene. ; Allele. ; Frequency. ; ...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of the role of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline genes in ADHD, ODD and conduct disorder: multivariate regression analysis of 20 genes

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