Hilda Elizabet Flores-Moctezuma - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hilda Elizabet Flores-Moctezuma

Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, Jun 25, 2021

Alternaria porri causes purple blotch disease in onion and beneficial fungi of the genus Trichode... more Alternaria porri causes purple blotch disease in onion and beneficial fungi of the genus Trichoderma can be used for its biocontrol, but knowledge of the mechanisms of the defense response in the interaction of onion plants with Trichoderma and A. porri is limited. In this study, the activity of defense enzymes: glucanases, chitinases, catalases and peroxidases in onion plants in the interaction with the isolate To of Trichoderma asperellum and A. porri was evaluated. The isolate To of T. asperellum was selected because it stood out for its antagonistic activity against A. porri compared to that of another isolate of T. asperellum (TC1 and TC2) and of T. harzianum and T. atroviridae. With the method of dual culture and cellophane paper, the isolate To inhibited the mycelial growth of A. porri in 56 and 53%, respectively and showed mycoparasitic activity. The activity of enzymes depended on the interaction of onion plants with the isolate To of T. asperellum and A. porri. The activity of glucanases and chitinases increased with the isolate of T. asperellum and was repressed with A. porri. The activity of catalases was induced with A. porri and the activity of peroxidases increased with both microorganisms. In conclusion, the defense mechanisms of onion plants are regulated by the interaction with T. asperellum and A. porri and both microorganisms; aspect to be consider in the biocontrol of onion pathogens with the isolate To of T. asperellum.

Plant Pathology Journal, Apr 15, 2008

Mexico is center of diversity of species of Tagetes, genus of broad spectrum of biological action... more Mexico is center of diversity of species of Tagetes, genus of broad spectrum of biological action but limited information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils (EO) and aqueous extracts (AE) of five species of Tagetes, in one isolate of the fungus Monilinia fruticola and 10 isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii. EO and AE were evaluated at 0.1% and 2% respectively, incorporated into PDA medium. In S. rolfsii mycelial growth was inhibited in all isolates with EO of T. filifolia and T. lucida AE. In all treatments the production of sclerotia was minor than in the control. Treatment with T. lucida EO the production of esclerotia was inhibited in all isolates and with the rest of the species the response was variable and in some cases stimulatory. In M. fruticola, treatment with T. lucida AE inhibited mycelial growth but their EO was fungistatic. The EO of all species of Tagetes and AE of T. foetidissima, T. lucida and T. erecta inhibited M. fructicola sporulation. AE of T. filifolia and T. coronopifolia stimulated sporulation of this fungus.

Plant Disease

Frangipani (Plumeria rubra L.; Apocynaceae.) is a deciduous ornamental shrub, native to tropical ... more Frangipani (Plumeria rubra L.; Apocynaceae.) is a deciduous ornamental shrub, native to tropical America and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In Mexico, P. rubra is also used in traditional medicine and religious ceremonies. In November 2018-2022, rust-diseased leaves of P. rubra were found in Yautepec (18°49'29"N; 99°05'46"W), Morelos, Mexico. Symptoms of the disease included small chlorotic spots on the adaxial surface of the infected leaves, which as the disease progressed turned into necrotic areas surrounded by a chlorotic halo. The chlorotic spots observed on the adaxial leaf surface coincided with numerous erumpent uredinia of bright orange color on the abaxial leaf surface. As a result of the infection, foliar necrosis and leaves abscission was observed. Of the 40 sampled trees, 95% showed symptoms of the disease. On microscopic examination of the fungus, bright orange, subepidermal uredinia were observed, which subsequently faded to ...

Life, Feb 15, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Plant Disease, 2022

Spearmint (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic herb widely cultivated in Mexico for its culinary, medicinal... more Spearmint (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic herb widely cultivated in Mexico for its culinary, medicinal, and industrial properties. In May 2020, symptoms and signs of rust were observed in a two-ha commercial crop of spearmint in Cuautla, Morelos (18°50'26.6"N 98°57'31.9"W), Mexico. The disease incidence was 85% and the severity was 23%. Initial symptoms included chlorotic spots on the adaxial surface of the leaves. At advanced stages of the disease, necrotic spots surrounded by chlorotic halos were developed, and later the plants were defoliated. The signs were observed as numerous orange to reddish-brown erumpent pustules primarily on the abaxial surface of the leaves. Microscopic examination of the samples revealed the presence of subepidermal uredinia, erumpent, with hyaline and cylindrical paraphyses. Urediniospores (n = 50) were hyaline to light yellow, globose to obovoid, measuring 17-27  11-25 μm, including 0.6-0.7 μm wall thickness, individually supported on pe...

Insects, 2021

Chemical control is the main method used to combat fall armyworm in maize crops. However, its ind... more Chemical control is the main method used to combat fall armyworm in maize crops. However, its indiscriminate use usually leads to a more complex scenario characterized by loss of its effectiveness due to the development of resistance of the insect pest, emergence of secondary pests, and reduction of the populations of natural enemies. For this reason, efforts to develop strategies for agroecological pest management such as Push–Pull are increasingly growing. In this context, the present study was carried out to evaluate field effectiveness of Push–Pull systems for S. frugiperda management in maize crops in Morelos, Mexico. In a randomized block experiment, the incidence and severity of S. frugiperda, the development and yield of maize were evaluated in nine Push–Pull systems and a maize monoculture. The Push–Pull systems presented incidence/severity values lower than those of the monoculture. Morphological development and maize yield in the latter were lower than those of most Push–...

Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 2021

Alternaria porri causa la enfermedad mancha púrpura en cebolla y los hongos benéficos del género ... more Alternaria porri causa la enfermedad mancha púrpura en cebolla y los hongos benéficos del género Trichoderma pueden ser usados para su biocontrol, pero es limitado el conocimiento de los mecanismos de la respuesta de defensa en la interacción de plantas de cebolla con Trichoderma y A. porri. En este estudio se evalúo la actividad de las enzimas de defensa: glucanasas, quitinasas, catalasas y peroxidasa en plantas de cebolla en la interacción con el aislado To de Trichoderma asperellum y A. porri. El aislado To de T. asperellum se seleccionó porque destacó por su actividad antagónica contra A. porri en comparación con la de otros aislados de T. asperellum (TC1 y TC2) y de T. harzianum y T. atroviridae. Con el método de cultivo dual y papel celofán,el aislado To inhibió el crecimiento micelial de A. porri en 56 y 53%, respectivamente y mostró actividad micoparasítica. La actividad de las enzimas dependió de la interacción de las plantas de cebolla con el aislado To de T. asperellum y ...

Resumen en: Montes-Belmont, R., Flores-Moctezuma, H.E., and Nava- Juarez, R.A. 2003. Alternate ho... more Resumen en: Montes-Belmont, R., Flores-Moctezuma, H.E., and Nava- Juarez, R.A. 2003. Alternate hosts of Claviceps africana Frederickson, Mantle and de Millano, cau...

Resumen es: Montes-Belmont, R., Cruz-Cruz, V., Martinez-Martinez, G., Sandoval-Garcia, G., Garcia... more Resumen es: Montes-Belmont, R., Cruz-Cruz, V., Martinez-Martinez, G., Sandoval-Garcia, G., Garcia-Licona, R., Zilch-Dominguez, S., Bravo-Luna, L., Bermudez-Torres,...

Revista Mexicana De Fitopatologia, 2013

Resumen. El uso de fungicidas sintéticos favorece la aparición de hongos fitopatógenos resistente... more Resumen. El uso de fungicidas sintéticos favorece la aparición de hongos fitopatógenos resistentes, por lo que se requieren nuevos productos para el manejo de enfermedades. Una alternativa son los aceites esenciales (AE) y extractos acuosos (EA) de origen vegetal. En este trabajo se evaluaron distintas concentraciones de AE y EA de cinco especies de la familia Chenopodiaceae sobre el crecimiento micelial y esporulación de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) y F. solani. Se encontró que existe una respuesta diferencial entre las razas 2 y 3 de FOL e incluso entre aislamientos de una misma raza. Los AE de Chenopodium album [0.3 %] y C. ambrosioides [2 %] inhibieron totalmente el crecimiento y esporulación en ambas especies de Fusarium. De los EA probados, el de Beta vulgaris ejerció la mayor reducción del crecimiento micelial (38 %) y esporulación (61 %). Los EA al 5 %, de las cinco especies evaluadas, mostraron una estimulación del 27 al 183 % en el crecimiento micelial en las cuatro cepas empleadas. Al 10 %, Beta vulgaris, C. album, C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae y C. graveolens redujeron entre 11 y 38 % el crecimiento de F. solani y FOL raza 2 (aislamiento Yautepec) con respecto al testigo.

Revista Mexicana De Fitopatologia, 2003

In recent years, sorghum ergot (Claviceps africana) spread out to American and Australian contine... more In recent years, sorghum ergot (Claviceps africana) spread out to American and Australian continents, where it may have new potential hosts, an important component of the disease cycle. This is particulary important in Mexico, where there is great variation in climate and vegetation. Weeds from sorghum plots and surrounding areas showing ergot symptoms, were collected and identified in Jonacatepec and Yautepec, Morelos between 1998 to 2000. Macroconidia morphology and dimensions, as well as the presence or absence of sclerotia were determined for each weed. Crossinoculations were also carried out using conidia isolated from sorghum and weeds. C. africana macroconidia were found in Digitaria horizontalis, Ixophorus unisetus, Echinochloa crusgalli, Sorghum halepense, Cenchrus echinatus, and Panicum maximum. No sclerotia were found in all the weed species. Cross-inoculations showed that the last three species mentioned, serve as alternate hosts for C. africana, but only S. halepense has features that could make it a source of primary inoculum.

Plant Disease, 2003

It is difficult to develop control strategies for grain mold of sorghum because of the limited in... more It is difficult to develop control strategies for grain mold of sorghum because of the limited information on the epidemiology of grain mold in Mexico. The objectives of this study were to identify the fungi associated with grain mold in Morelos, Mexico, and to explore the relationship among planting dates, disease development, and relative humidity and temperature. Fusarium thapsinum was isolated from 97% of the grains from field samples of infested sorghum grains in Morelos, Mexico. The influence of planting dates on the development of sorghum grain mold was determined at Tlayca, Morelos, Mexico, during the rainy seasons of 1998, 1999, and 2000. Incidence of grain mold varied annually, but disease incidence and severity were highest in 1998. Planting dates from 1 June to 13 July had the highest incidence of grain mold during the 3 years. Throughout the study, disease severity was generally low, and yield was not affected. The late planting dates in 1999 and 2000 had reduced yields...

Sorghum and Millets Diseases, 2003