Himadri Endow - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Himadri Endow
The OMEGA laser electronic timing system
Review of Scientific Instruments, 1997
A high-precision, computer-controlled electronic timing system has been built for the OMEGA inert... more A high-precision, computer-controlled electronic timing system has been built for the OMEGA inertial confinement fusion laser. The timing system consists of five modular subcomponents and is easily expandable to produce any number of delay channels. The timing from the system is synchronized by a distributed clock, which is derived from the radio-frequency-signal that drives the mode-locked laser master oscillator. The
Advances in wide area analytics in grid operations
2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference, 2013
Recent advances in Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS) have allowed utilities world-wide to learn... more Recent advances in Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS) have allowed utilities world-wide to learn more about the fundamental characteristics of their transmission networks. This has enabled them to revise and improve their mitigation plans. Although no two systems are the same, lessons learned in one network are transferrable to others, allowing WAMS systems and applications to be more effectively deployed and used to improve system stability. In India, the network system comprises the synchronized Eastern, North-Eastern and Western regions (known as NEW), and the Southern region, which is connected asynchronously to the NEW system. The aim by 2014 is to connect all the regions synchronously to share one national frequency [1]. The synchronized network has both DC and AC inter-regional connections and is characterized by widely dispersed generation and load-rich areas, where weather and loading patterns differ greatly. Due to the concentration of generation in the eastern region and large load centres located in central and western regions, there is bulk power transmission from east to west over long distances. Growth of Independent Power Producers (IPPs) and increased renewable generation are changing these power flow patterns. Summer peak demand in the north creates a generation deficit, increasing stress on the system. This paper describes how existing WAMS can augment the existing SCADA-EMS systems to alert operators to increasingly stressed conditions in the network, like those that occurred prior to the blackout on 31st July 2012, where 48 GW of load was lost. During this event, certain forced outages on account of high voltage had initially caused overloading of inter-regional tie-lines. Following a number of line trips, bulk power flow got redirected leading to large inter-regional power swings. A suitably configured wide area measurement system (WAMS) would have been useful in highlighting stressed regions of the network in real time as well as indicating and characterizing disturbances such as generation and load loss.
As per conservative estimates (BAU framework), India is set to add, 19.2 GW of Solar and 22.4 GW ... more As per conservative estimates (BAU framework), India is set to add, 19.2 GW of Solar and 22.4 GW of Wind in the 12 th and 13 th plan periods with sustained growth of more than 100%. This is expected to push the installed base of grid connected Wind and Solar to 38.5 GW and 20 GW respectively by the year 2022 with a combined capacity penetration of 12.5% up from the present 9.25%. However, the Wind and Solar capacity is mostly concentrated (~90% at present) in the five renewable-rich states in the south and west of the country where local penetration levels vary between 10% and 34%. To promote the use of green power among all states, the renewable purchase obligations (RPO) and Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) have been put in place. Interstate , as well as Intra-state transmission corridors, are also being strengthened to maximize evacuation and use of the green power across state boundaries. Yet utilisation factors remain woefully low. The growing penetration levels and the wide...
22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013), 2013
The Indian Grid is characterised by widely dispersed generation and load points. Because of this ... more The Indian Grid is characterised by widely dispersed generation and load points. Because of this there is large amount of power flow in the interregional grid in the east-west, east-north and the northwest corridors. Growth of Independent Power Producers and renewable generation are changing the nature of these power flows. Summer peak demand in the north also adds to the already stressed grid conditions. The power corridors are at present being monitored and analysed by SCADA and energy management tools relying on steady-state limits of the network equipment. While these tools are adequate under normal circumstances, it is inadequate in coming to terms with the true state of the grid in situations of high dynamic activity. This was proven during the blackout on two successive days in the end of July 2012 when almost 48 GW of load was impacted. This paper looks at how the current situation may be mitigated by implementing a Wide area critical care desk. Filtering the low frequency mode of oscillation from the acquired PMU data and subsequent mode analysis, operator is informed of the large and poorly damped group of generators. Analysing the corridor power flow influencing the mode and generators crossing the step, contributors of the oscillations present in the network would be identified. Once the source and the sink of the oscillations are known, operator will have the means for pro-active redispatch action to maintain stability. In addition, wide area phenomenon like load encroachment and situations leading to voltage collapse and network congestion can be brought under critical dashboard monitoring.
2013 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies-Asia (ISGT Asia), 2013
Demand Response (DR) is a proven alternative to additional generation or network capacity. It is ... more Demand Response (DR) is a proven alternative to additional generation or network capacity. It is an effective tool for improving "load factor" and penetration of renewables. The market for DR is poised for exponential growth. Utilities of all sizes across the globe with multiple DR programs in place are growing their portfolios. Many are not implementing their first, but perhaps their eighth or tenth DR program. Where push for DR has just started, such as in India, utilities are implementing proof-of-concept pilots to test the economies of scale and provide inputs for a robust DR regulatory framework. DR is an integral part of four of the eight key domains of a utility's Smart-Grid-Maturity-Model. Choosing the right DR technology and programs is a quest for a balance of cost effectiveness, minimizing impact to customer, and to system operations. This paper looks at a four-point DR Maturity Cycle on where and how utilities start, then scale up and learn before pioneering best-in-class DR programs.
The OMEGA laser electronic timing system
Review of Scientific Instruments, 1997
A high-precision, computer-controlled electronic timing system has been built for the OMEGA inert... more A high-precision, computer-controlled electronic timing system has been built for the OMEGA inertial confinement fusion laser. The timing system consists of five modular subcomponents and is easily expandable to produce any number of delay channels. The timing from the system is synchronized by a distributed clock, which is derived from the radio-frequency-signal that drives the mode-locked laser master oscillator. The
Advances in wide area analytics in grid operations
2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference, 2013
Recent advances in Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS) have allowed utilities world-wide to learn... more Recent advances in Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS) have allowed utilities world-wide to learn more about the fundamental characteristics of their transmission networks. This has enabled them to revise and improve their mitigation plans. Although no two systems are the same, lessons learned in one network are transferrable to others, allowing WAMS systems and applications to be more effectively deployed and used to improve system stability. In India, the network system comprises the synchronized Eastern, North-Eastern and Western regions (known as NEW), and the Southern region, which is connected asynchronously to the NEW system. The aim by 2014 is to connect all the regions synchronously to share one national frequency [1]. The synchronized network has both DC and AC inter-regional connections and is characterized by widely dispersed generation and load-rich areas, where weather and loading patterns differ greatly. Due to the concentration of generation in the eastern region and large load centres located in central and western regions, there is bulk power transmission from east to west over long distances. Growth of Independent Power Producers (IPPs) and increased renewable generation are changing these power flow patterns. Summer peak demand in the north creates a generation deficit, increasing stress on the system. This paper describes how existing WAMS can augment the existing SCADA-EMS systems to alert operators to increasingly stressed conditions in the network, like those that occurred prior to the blackout on 31st July 2012, where 48 GW of load was lost. During this event, certain forced outages on account of high voltage had initially caused overloading of inter-regional tie-lines. Following a number of line trips, bulk power flow got redirected leading to large inter-regional power swings. A suitably configured wide area measurement system (WAMS) would have been useful in highlighting stressed regions of the network in real time as well as indicating and characterizing disturbances such as generation and load loss.
As per conservative estimates (BAU framework), India is set to add, 19.2 GW of Solar and 22.4 GW ... more As per conservative estimates (BAU framework), India is set to add, 19.2 GW of Solar and 22.4 GW of Wind in the 12 th and 13 th plan periods with sustained growth of more than 100%. This is expected to push the installed base of grid connected Wind and Solar to 38.5 GW and 20 GW respectively by the year 2022 with a combined capacity penetration of 12.5% up from the present 9.25%. However, the Wind and Solar capacity is mostly concentrated (~90% at present) in the five renewable-rich states in the south and west of the country where local penetration levels vary between 10% and 34%. To promote the use of green power among all states, the renewable purchase obligations (RPO) and Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) have been put in place. Interstate , as well as Intra-state transmission corridors, are also being strengthened to maximize evacuation and use of the green power across state boundaries. Yet utilisation factors remain woefully low. The growing penetration levels and the wide...
22nd International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2013), 2013
The Indian Grid is characterised by widely dispersed generation and load points. Because of this ... more The Indian Grid is characterised by widely dispersed generation and load points. Because of this there is large amount of power flow in the interregional grid in the east-west, east-north and the northwest corridors. Growth of Independent Power Producers and renewable generation are changing the nature of these power flows. Summer peak demand in the north also adds to the already stressed grid conditions. The power corridors are at present being monitored and analysed by SCADA and energy management tools relying on steady-state limits of the network equipment. While these tools are adequate under normal circumstances, it is inadequate in coming to terms with the true state of the grid in situations of high dynamic activity. This was proven during the blackout on two successive days in the end of July 2012 when almost 48 GW of load was impacted. This paper looks at how the current situation may be mitigated by implementing a Wide area critical care desk. Filtering the low frequency mode of oscillation from the acquired PMU data and subsequent mode analysis, operator is informed of the large and poorly damped group of generators. Analysing the corridor power flow influencing the mode and generators crossing the step, contributors of the oscillations present in the network would be identified. Once the source and the sink of the oscillations are known, operator will have the means for pro-active redispatch action to maintain stability. In addition, wide area phenomenon like load encroachment and situations leading to voltage collapse and network congestion can be brought under critical dashboard monitoring.
2013 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies-Asia (ISGT Asia), 2013
Demand Response (DR) is a proven alternative to additional generation or network capacity. It is ... more Demand Response (DR) is a proven alternative to additional generation or network capacity. It is an effective tool for improving "load factor" and penetration of renewables. The market for DR is poised for exponential growth. Utilities of all sizes across the globe with multiple DR programs in place are growing their portfolios. Many are not implementing their first, but perhaps their eighth or tenth DR program. Where push for DR has just started, such as in India, utilities are implementing proof-of-concept pilots to test the economies of scale and provide inputs for a robust DR regulatory framework. DR is an integral part of four of the eight key domains of a utility's Smart-Grid-Maturity-Model. Choosing the right DR technology and programs is a quest for a balance of cost effectiveness, minimizing impact to customer, and to system operations. This paper looks at a four-point DR Maturity Cycle on where and how utilities start, then scale up and learn before pioneering best-in-class DR programs.