Himalaya Singh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Himalaya Singh

Research paper thumbnail of Community based interventional study to assess the impact of health education on alcohol use among adult males in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh

Indian Journal of Community Health

Background: Alcoholic beverages have been a part of social life for millennia, yet societies have... more Background: Alcoholic beverages have been a part of social life for millennia, yet societies have always found it difficult to understand or restrain their use. Apart from the health concerns, chronic alcoholism is one of the greatest causes for poverty in the country. Objective: To assess the impact of health education on alcohol use among adult males in Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh. Material & Methods: A community based interventional study conducted in the Bareilly district among males aged >15 years during November 2015 to April 2017 taking a sample of 699 by 30 cluster sampling with PPS. Data was collected by home visit using WHO-AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) questionnaire. After data collection, health education was given to study population in form of speech, posters, short films and focus group discussion. One year after providing health education, AUDIT questionnaire was re-filled by current alcohol drinkers to know the impact of health education. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Study of Psychological Morbidities in Geriatric Population of Rural and Urban Dwellers of Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract: Introduction: Senility, poor health, dependency, helplessness, widowhood and low self-e... more Abstract: Introduction: Senility, poor health, dependency, helplessness, widowhood and low self-esteem are the risk factors that influence both the extent and severity of psychological morbidity and quality of life. Indian elderly are mentally ill, nearly four million in number. The cognitive functioning declines due to senile changes. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational, community based study on the geriatric dwellers of rural and urban catchment area of RHTC (Rural Health & Training Centre & UHTC (Urban Health & Training Centre) of Dept. of Community Medicine, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly. The required sample has been taken using Simple random sampling technique by Random number table method. Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) was used to calculate the psychological morbidities which is a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The data was entered an...

Research paper thumbnail of Variations in administration of Covid-19 vaccine during last 20 weeks at a vaccination center of Agra, Uttar Pradesh

Indian Journal of Community Health

Background: Covid-19 pandemic has created havoc around the world and vaccination is an effective ... more Background: Covid-19 pandemic has created havoc around the world and vaccination is an effective tool against this demon. Study of variations in administration of daily doses of Covid-19 vaccine at vaccination centre can help in better resource management. Material & methods: This record based descriptive study was conducted among beneficiaries of Covid-19 vaccination at S. N. Medical College, Agra. Record of administration of daily doses and vaccine wastage, vaccination of different groups of beneficiaries and occurrence of various national and local events related to vaccination was also analyzed. Result: A total of 33,571 doses of any Covid-19 vaccine (Covaxin/Covishield) were administered during past 88 working days in 20 weeks expanded over 5 months. On an average 165 doses were administered every day by each team and overall vaccine wastage was 0.85%. Maximum average of 199 doses per day by each team was observed on Mondays. There are many peaks and drops in administration of ...

Research paper thumbnail of Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016: A Brief Review

International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences

Inadequate and inappropriate handling of health care waste may have serious public health consequ... more Inadequate and inappropriate handling of health care waste may have serious public health consequences and a significant impact on the environment. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has notified the new Biomedical Waste Management rules (BMWM Rules, 2016) on March 28, 2016, under the Environment (protection) Act, 1986, to replace the earlier rules (1998) and the amendments thereof. These rules shall apply to all persons who generate, collect, receive, store, transport, treat, dispose, or handle biomedical waste in any form. Sufficient financial and trained human resources, proper monitoring and control of waste disposal are some challenges for the management of biomedical waste. Thus, appropriate management of health care waste is a crucial component of environmental health protection, and it should become an integral feature of health care services. If we want to protect our environment and health of the community, we must sensitize ourselves to this important issue not only in the interest of health managers but also in the interest of community.

Research paper thumbnail of The Study of Sociodemographic Profile of Pediatric Tuberculosis Patients in Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh: A Cross-sectional Study

International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences

Introduction: Tuberculosis in children is mainly due to failure of tuberculosis control in adults... more Introduction: Tuberculosis in children is mainly due to failure of tuberculosis control in adults. In India, over 100,000 children die from tuberculosis every year. The risk of developing disease after infection is determined by various factors, including age at exposure, sex, family, and socioeconomic status. There are no such studies carried out in Bareilly district till date; therefore, with this view, this study is being conducted. Aims and objectives: To know the sociodemographic profile of pediatric tuberculosis patients in Bareilly district. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 children aged 0 to 14 years registered at various tuberculosis units (TUs) in Bareilly district. The selection of TUs was done by simple random sampling. Result and conclusion: Out of total 120 cases in the study, majority of them were females (65%), followed by 35% male pediatric tuberculosis cases; 61.7% study participants belonged to 10 to 14 years of age, and 51.7% belonged to lower socioeconomic status.

Research paper thumbnail of Reason behind Drinking: A Cross-sectional Study on Alcohol Use among Adult Males in Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh, India

International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences

Introduction Alcoholic beverages have been a part of social life for millennia, yet societies hav... more Introduction Alcoholic beverages have been a part of social life for millennia, yet societies have always found it difficult to understand or restrain their use. Different societies not only have different sets of beliefs and rules about drinking, but they also show very different outcomes when people consume alcohol. Aims and objectives This study is conducted to assess the reasons behind consuming alcohol among adult males of Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Materials and methods A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out on males aged ≥15 years in Bareilly district. Thirty clusters were chosen from this population by probability proportional to size sampling, and then from these clusters, in each cluster, houses were taken out and from each, one adult male was selected till the sample size was achieved. The prevalence of alcohol usage among males in Uttar Pradesh (by National Family Health Survey 372) is 25.3%. Taking 10% of nonresponsive rate and design effe...

Research paper thumbnail of Sit to Stand Test: A Simple Functional Performance Test to Assess the Exercise Capacity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients and its Correlation with Severity of the Disease

International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an obstructive lung disease. It occ... more Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an obstructive lung disease. It occurs due to increased activity of oxidants combined with reduced activity of antioxidants. It is currently the 4th leading cause of death worldwide, projected to be 3rd by 2020. It has been proven that individual who develops COPD, gradually develops reduction in the strength of the peripheral muscles that will lead to further decrement in the physical activity and impaired mobility. These events gradually develop a vicious cycle. In the recent years we have developed many tools to evaluate or quantify the impaired physical activity which will help us to take certain measures to limit these and to improve the overall physical and mental health. There are various exercise performance test available to assume the physical activity impairment in COPD patients, like 6 minute walk test, incremental workload test, but lacunae with these test is that they require skilled personnel and various equipments. So, due to these reasons these tests could not be performed in many of the centers, to overcome these lacunae a simple test has been derived, i.e. sit to stand (STS) test. The advantage with this test is that it is easier to perform and does not require huge space and personnel. Aim and objectives: The goal of our study is to assess: • Exercise capacity in COPD patients • Correlation of STS test with severity of disease (COPD) Methods: Consecutives, stable COPD patients were examined in outpatient department of Chest and Tuberculosis (TB), a tertiary care hospital (Rohilkhand Medical College) during a period of 6 months (March-August 2017). The diagnosis and severity of COPD were assessed by spirometry and the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) guidelines. STS test was executed according to a standardised protocol. Patient was asked to sit without any assistance and to stand completely straight. Patient was asked to perform as many repetitions as feasible in 30 seconds. During the tests performed, the severity of dyspnea (modified Borg scale), oxygen saturation, heart rate were measured. Statistical analysis was done using EpiInfo version 7.2. Results: Total 46 stable COPD patients (mean age 59.69±11.77 years, mean forced expiratory volume (FEV 1) 40.02% ± 19.41%) were analyzed. During STS test, there was rise in heart rate, fall in oxygen saturation, and increase in dyspnea score which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Mean repetitions in GOLD I and II COPD patients was 11, in GOLD III and IV COPD patients was 9.7886 in 30 seconds STS test (number of repetitions) was significantly correlated with FEV 1 (p < 0.05).

Research paper thumbnail of Community based interventional study to assess the impact of health education on alcohol use among adult males in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh

Indian Journal of Community Health

Background: Alcoholic beverages have been a part of social life for millennia, yet societies have... more Background: Alcoholic beverages have been a part of social life for millennia, yet societies have always found it difficult to understand or restrain their use. Apart from the health concerns, chronic alcoholism is one of the greatest causes for poverty in the country. Objective: To assess the impact of health education on alcohol use among adult males in Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh. Material & Methods: A community based interventional study conducted in the Bareilly district among males aged >15 years during November 2015 to April 2017 taking a sample of 699 by 30 cluster sampling with PPS. Data was collected by home visit using WHO-AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) questionnaire. After data collection, health education was given to study population in form of speech, posters, short films and focus group discussion. One year after providing health education, AUDIT questionnaire was re-filled by current alcohol drinkers to know the impact of health education. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Study of Psychological Morbidities in Geriatric Population of Rural and Urban Dwellers of Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract: Introduction: Senility, poor health, dependency, helplessness, widowhood and low self-e... more Abstract: Introduction: Senility, poor health, dependency, helplessness, widowhood and low self-esteem are the risk factors that influence both the extent and severity of psychological morbidity and quality of life. Indian elderly are mentally ill, nearly four million in number. The cognitive functioning declines due to senile changes. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational, community based study on the geriatric dwellers of rural and urban catchment area of RHTC (Rural Health & Training Centre & UHTC (Urban Health & Training Centre) of Dept. of Community Medicine, Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly. The required sample has been taken using Simple random sampling technique by Random number table method. Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) was used to calculate the psychological morbidities which is a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The data was entered an...

Research paper thumbnail of Variations in administration of Covid-19 vaccine during last 20 weeks at a vaccination center of Agra, Uttar Pradesh

Indian Journal of Community Health

Background: Covid-19 pandemic has created havoc around the world and vaccination is an effective ... more Background: Covid-19 pandemic has created havoc around the world and vaccination is an effective tool against this demon. Study of variations in administration of daily doses of Covid-19 vaccine at vaccination centre can help in better resource management. Material & methods: This record based descriptive study was conducted among beneficiaries of Covid-19 vaccination at S. N. Medical College, Agra. Record of administration of daily doses and vaccine wastage, vaccination of different groups of beneficiaries and occurrence of various national and local events related to vaccination was also analyzed. Result: A total of 33,571 doses of any Covid-19 vaccine (Covaxin/Covishield) were administered during past 88 working days in 20 weeks expanded over 5 months. On an average 165 doses were administered every day by each team and overall vaccine wastage was 0.85%. Maximum average of 199 doses per day by each team was observed on Mondays. There are many peaks and drops in administration of ...

Research paper thumbnail of Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016: A Brief Review

International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences

Inadequate and inappropriate handling of health care waste may have serious public health consequ... more Inadequate and inappropriate handling of health care waste may have serious public health consequences and a significant impact on the environment. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has notified the new Biomedical Waste Management rules (BMWM Rules, 2016) on March 28, 2016, under the Environment (protection) Act, 1986, to replace the earlier rules (1998) and the amendments thereof. These rules shall apply to all persons who generate, collect, receive, store, transport, treat, dispose, or handle biomedical waste in any form. Sufficient financial and trained human resources, proper monitoring and control of waste disposal are some challenges for the management of biomedical waste. Thus, appropriate management of health care waste is a crucial component of environmental health protection, and it should become an integral feature of health care services. If we want to protect our environment and health of the community, we must sensitize ourselves to this important issue not only in the interest of health managers but also in the interest of community.

Research paper thumbnail of The Study of Sociodemographic Profile of Pediatric Tuberculosis Patients in Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh: A Cross-sectional Study

International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences

Introduction: Tuberculosis in children is mainly due to failure of tuberculosis control in adults... more Introduction: Tuberculosis in children is mainly due to failure of tuberculosis control in adults. In India, over 100,000 children die from tuberculosis every year. The risk of developing disease after infection is determined by various factors, including age at exposure, sex, family, and socioeconomic status. There are no such studies carried out in Bareilly district till date; therefore, with this view, this study is being conducted. Aims and objectives: To know the sociodemographic profile of pediatric tuberculosis patients in Bareilly district. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 children aged 0 to 14 years registered at various tuberculosis units (TUs) in Bareilly district. The selection of TUs was done by simple random sampling. Result and conclusion: Out of total 120 cases in the study, majority of them were females (65%), followed by 35% male pediatric tuberculosis cases; 61.7% study participants belonged to 10 to 14 years of age, and 51.7% belonged to lower socioeconomic status.

Research paper thumbnail of Reason behind Drinking: A Cross-sectional Study on Alcohol Use among Adult Males in Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh, India

International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences

Introduction Alcoholic beverages have been a part of social life for millennia, yet societies hav... more Introduction Alcoholic beverages have been a part of social life for millennia, yet societies have always found it difficult to understand or restrain their use. Different societies not only have different sets of beliefs and rules about drinking, but they also show very different outcomes when people consume alcohol. Aims and objectives This study is conducted to assess the reasons behind consuming alcohol among adult males of Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Materials and methods A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out on males aged ≥15 years in Bareilly district. Thirty clusters were chosen from this population by probability proportional to size sampling, and then from these clusters, in each cluster, houses were taken out and from each, one adult male was selected till the sample size was achieved. The prevalence of alcohol usage among males in Uttar Pradesh (by National Family Health Survey 372) is 25.3%. Taking 10% of nonresponsive rate and design effe...

Research paper thumbnail of Sit to Stand Test: A Simple Functional Performance Test to Assess the Exercise Capacity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients and its Correlation with Severity of the Disease

International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an obstructive lung disease. It occ... more Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an obstructive lung disease. It occurs due to increased activity of oxidants combined with reduced activity of antioxidants. It is currently the 4th leading cause of death worldwide, projected to be 3rd by 2020. It has been proven that individual who develops COPD, gradually develops reduction in the strength of the peripheral muscles that will lead to further decrement in the physical activity and impaired mobility. These events gradually develop a vicious cycle. In the recent years we have developed many tools to evaluate or quantify the impaired physical activity which will help us to take certain measures to limit these and to improve the overall physical and mental health. There are various exercise performance test available to assume the physical activity impairment in COPD patients, like 6 minute walk test, incremental workload test, but lacunae with these test is that they require skilled personnel and various equipments. So, due to these reasons these tests could not be performed in many of the centers, to overcome these lacunae a simple test has been derived, i.e. sit to stand (STS) test. The advantage with this test is that it is easier to perform and does not require huge space and personnel. Aim and objectives: The goal of our study is to assess: • Exercise capacity in COPD patients • Correlation of STS test with severity of disease (COPD) Methods: Consecutives, stable COPD patients were examined in outpatient department of Chest and Tuberculosis (TB), a tertiary care hospital (Rohilkhand Medical College) during a period of 6 months (March-August 2017). The diagnosis and severity of COPD were assessed by spirometry and the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) guidelines. STS test was executed according to a standardised protocol. Patient was asked to sit without any assistance and to stand completely straight. Patient was asked to perform as many repetitions as feasible in 30 seconds. During the tests performed, the severity of dyspnea (modified Borg scale), oxygen saturation, heart rate were measured. Statistical analysis was done using EpiInfo version 7.2. Results: Total 46 stable COPD patients (mean age 59.69±11.77 years, mean forced expiratory volume (FEV 1) 40.02% ± 19.41%) were analyzed. During STS test, there was rise in heart rate, fall in oxygen saturation, and increase in dyspnea score which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Mean repetitions in GOLD I and II COPD patients was 11, in GOLD III and IV COPD patients was 9.7886 in 30 seconds STS test (number of repetitions) was significantly correlated with FEV 1 (p < 0.05).