Himansu Chopra - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Himansu Chopra

Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology

: Over the past few decades, advancements in nanocarrier-based therapeutic delivery have been sig... more : Over the past few decades, advancements in nanocarrier-based therapeutic delivery have been significant, and niosomes research has recently received much interest. The self-assembled nonionic surfactant vesicles lead to the production of niosomes. The most recent nanocarriers, niosomes, are self-assembled vesicles made of nonionic surfactants with or without the proper quantities of cholesterol or other amphiphilic molecules. Because of their durability, low cost of components, large-scale production, simple maintenance, and high entrapment efficiency, niosomes are being used more frequently. Additionally, they enhance pharmacokinetics, reduce toxicity, enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds, & increase bioavailability. One of the most crucial features of niosomes is their controlled release and targeted diffusion, which is utilized for treating cancer, infectious diseases, and other problems. In this review article, we have covered all the fundamental information about niosomes, including preparation techniques, niosomes types, factors influencing their formation, niosomes evaluation, applications, and administration routes, along with recent developments.

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

The present research work was done with the objective of topical formulation development of poorl... more The present research work was done with the objective of topical formulation development of poorly water-soluble drug Mefenamic acid. The drug was firstly incorporated in nanosponge of ethyl cellulose. Then Mefenamic acid nanosponge-loaded topical gel formulations were developed by using Carbopol 934 as a gel-forming polymer. The Mefenamic acid-loaded nanosponges were tested for various quality parameters such as particle size distribution, polydispersity.index(PI),. Surface morphology and drug entrapment efficiency etc. Gel formulations were tested for viscosity, pH, in vitro diffusion and other parameters. The average size of developed nanosponge preparations was found between 250nm to 894nm. Scanning electron microscopy photographs of developed formulations clearly reveal the spongy and porous nature of particles along with spherical shape. The PI was. found in. the range. of 0.206 to 0.934. It was found that formulation N3 with a drug-to-polymer ratio of 1:4 has the highest drug...

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

Purpose: The objective of present study is to develop site-specific drug delivery system for cont... more Purpose: The objective of present study is to develop site-specific drug delivery system for controlled release of levofloxacin for eradication of H. pylori for the treatment of peptic ulcer. Methodology: Floating microspheres of Levofloxacin were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The drug was encapsulated with Eudragit and Ethyl cellulose in various combinations of polymers ratios. Findings: The prepared microspheres are subjected to evaluation for particle size, % buoyancy, in-vitro release study and stability studies. The percentage buoyancy was found to be in the range of 67.12% to 94.21%. The good buoyancy behaviour of the microspheres revealed that the microspheres are hollow in nature and retained for more than 12 hr in the upper part of the GIT in order to enhance gastric residence time. Research Implications: The prepared formulations can be tested clinically to assure the in vivo performance. Value of paper: The current study compared the combination of polymers and revealed their effect on drug release and various other parameters for the preparation of floating microspheres.

International journal of health sciences

The present work was performed with the objective of novel topical formulation development of poo... more The present work was performed with the objective of novel topical formulation development of poorly water-soluble drug Diclofenac diethylamine by loading the drug-containing nanosponge into the topical formulation. The nanosponges are polymeric nanoparticles that entrap the drug. The drug-loaded nanosponge has different absorption characteristics in comparison to the pure drug in the topical drug delivery system. Methods: The drug was first loaded in the ethylcellulose nanosponge using the emulsion solvent diffusion method. Then Diclofenac diethylamine nanosponge-loaded topical gel formulations were developed by using Carbopol 940 as a gel-forming polymer. Result: The Diclofenac diethylamine-loaded nanosponges were evaluated for various evaluation parameters such as particle size distribution, surface morphology, drug entrapment efficiency, polydispersity index, etc. The topical gel formulations were evaluated for pH, in vitro drug release, viscosity, in vivo performance and compar...

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2021

Pyrazoline is a 5-membered heterocyclic moiety has two adjoining nitrogen iotas and three carbon ... more Pyrazoline is a 5-membered heterocyclic moiety has two adjoining nitrogen iotas and three carbon particles inside the ring. Pyrazoline subordinate are related wide scope of pharmacological and restorative exercises, for example, antibacterial, antifungal, pain relieving, calming, hostile to parasitic, against malarial, against oxidant. The ongoing work of exploration is fundamentally engaged at the revelation and improvement of a progression of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoline. A progression of new 1-phenyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)- 5-(subbed phenyl) pyrazoline subordinates (2a-2j) were blended by the response of subbed acetophenone and subbed benzaldehyde within the sight of fluid sodium hydroxide arrangement by Claisen Schmidt buildup system. The subbed chalcone were integrated which is additionally dense with phenyl hydrazine in ethanol and results in the definition of conclusive subordinates of pyrazoline (2a-2j). The response blend was observed by TLC and the last mixes were refined by...

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2021

Microsponge containing Luliconazole (LCZ) with different proportion of drug:polymer (Ethyl cellul... more Microsponge containing Luliconazole (LCZ) with different proportion of drug:polymer (Ethyl cellulose and Eudragit RS 100) were obtained efficiently using Quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. Luliconazole is an anti-fungal drug used for the topical delivery. The purpose of the microsponge formulation is to control the release of LCZ drug to the skin through Microsponge Delivery System (MDS) known to be the novel technique which overcome the maximum concentration of active ingredient, frequency doses, and skin irritation. The prepared microsponges were examined using drug content, % production yield, % entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release. The formulation were subjected to in-vitro drug release studies for 6 hr in which it was concluded that Ethyl cellulose microsponges formulated by drug:polymer (1:1) and Eudragit RS 100 microsponges formulated by drug:polymer (1:3) showed maximum controlled release i.e., Increase in drug:polymer ratio (1:1 to 1:9) increased the produc...

African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2008

Solanum torvum is used in Cameroonian traditional medicine for the management of pain and inflamm... more Solanum torvum is used in Cameroonian traditional medicine for the management of pain and inflammation. The present work assesses the pain-killing and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extracts of Solanum torvum leaves. Acetic acid-and pressure-induced pains were reduced by this extract while carrageenan-induced inflammation was inhibited at various doses of the extract. The extract therefore has both analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research, 2012

Aim of this research work was to develop mouth dissolving tablet that disintegrates rapidly in mo... more Aim of this research work was to develop mouth dissolving tablet that disintegrates rapidly in mouth by using tasteless complex of Levocetirizine and Tulsion-335. Effect of different parameters such as swelling time, resin activation, drug resin ratio as well as stirring time was optimized by taste and percentage drug loading. Formulated DRC (Drug Resin Complex) was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction pattern. Tablets were formulated by wet granulation with PVP as binder, Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) and Crospovidone as super disintegrants. In these batches optimum hardness was achieved but disintegration time was found to be very high as ≥ 70 second, so further trials were planned by using different superdisintegrants such as Croscarmellose sodium, Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) as well as Crospovidone by wet granulation method. Tablets formulated with 7.5% crospovidone showed comparatively low disintegration time (25 sec), wetting time (2...

The objective of stability study is to determine the shelf life of drug/drug product in which the... more The objective of stability study is to determine the shelf life of drug/drug product in which the drug/drug product still meets its established specifications and to ensure the suitability of packaging material and conditions of storage. The preformulation stability studies were started during early phase of development in between preclinical and clinical study. During the clinical studies parallel stability studies of drug product has to be conducted to file the NDA as per ICH Q1A (R2) guidelines. After getting NDA approval there is requirement of post approval stability data to ensure the validity of previously determined shelf life of the drug product and if there is any change the process/excipients etc. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) provide guidelines on additional stability studies for post-approval changes in site, scale, manufacturing and process for dosage forms.

The topical drug delivery provides a direct accessibility to the skin as a target organ for diagn... more The topical drug delivery provides a direct accessibility to the skin as a target organ for diagnosis and treatment without fear of undergoing first pass metabolism. Emulgel is one of the novel technologies widely used for fungal infections, acne, psoriasis and other topical disorders. Emulgel is emulsion, either of o/w or w/o type, which are gelled by mixing with a gelling agent such as Carbapol, HPMC, etc. Major objective behind emulgel is to deliver hydrophobic drugs to systemic circulation via skin. It has the benefit dual release control system i.e., emulsion and gel. Emulgel for dermatological use have several favourable properties such as being thixotropic, greaseless, easily spreadable, easily removable, emollient, non-staining, water-soluble, greater shelf life, bio-friendly, clear & pleasant appearance. Novel polymers are used which can function as emulsifier and thickener because the gelling capacity of these compounds give rise to stable emulsion and creams by decreasing...

Summary Artemisia pallens was studied for anti-inflammatory action by carrageenin-induced rat paw... more Summary Artemisia pallens was studied for anti-inflammatory action by carrageenin-induced rat paw edema. The analgesic activity was tested by tail flick method and hot plate method in albino rats and mice. The methanolic extract of Artemisia pallens in doses of 100, 200 and 500 mg/ml showed 68.85, 74.53 and 81.13% inhibition of paw edema respectively at the end of three hour. In the hot plate and tail flick model, the methanolic extract of Artemisia pallens in the above doses increased the pain threshold significantly also administration of Artemisia pallens showed dose dependent action in all experimental animal models. The plant had Saponins, flavonoids, Sesquiterpenoids, Oils, Phenols and Tannins. The results of the present study suggest that Artemisia pallens has potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Granulation is performed to a powder or mixture of powder in order to improve flow, uniformity of... more Granulation is performed to a powder or mixture of powder in order to improve flow, uniformity of contents and increasing the compressibility etc. In present review article we summarized the latest developments in granulation technologies behind most commonly used granulation process. Article deals basic information along with advantages and disadvantages of various granulation methods. Granulation step is the first important process which assures the pharmaceutical elegant solid dosage form. Need of large amount of granulating agent and subsequent drying leads to various deteriorating effects which diverted the formulators for newer techniques. The latest technologies includes steam granulation, melt/thermoplastic granulation, moisture activated dry granulation (MADG), moist granulation technique (MGT), thermal adhesion granulation process (TAGP) and foam granulation have their own advantages and these new techniques increases the interest of formulation developers in exploring a h...

Caesalpinia bonduc was evaluated for anti-inflammatory action by carrageenin-induced rat paw edem... more Caesalpinia bonduc was evaluated for anti-inflammatory action by carrageenin-induced rat paw edema. The analgesic activity was tested by acetic-induced writhing response in albino mice and hot plate method in albino rats. The ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonduc in doses of 100, 200 and 500 mg/ml showed 70.3, 71.2 and 73.0% inhibition of paw edema respectively at the end of three hour and the percentage of protection from writhing was 45.5, 51.2 and 65.5 respectively. In the hot plate model, the ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia in the above doses increased the pain threshold significantly after 30, 60, and 90 min. of administration Caesalpinia showed dose dependent action in all experimental models. The plant had Saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, oils, phenols and tannins and significantly increased the reaction time of hot plate. The results of the present study confirm that Caesalpinia bonduc has potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Controlled and sustained delivery of ophthalmic drugs continues to remain a major focus area in t... more Controlled and sustained delivery of ophthalmic drugs continues to remain a major focus area in the field of pharmaceutical drug delivery with the emergence of new, more potent drugs and biological response modifiers that may also have very short biological half-lives. The present review was conducted on drug delivery to the ocular route. Polymers with suitable rheological properties can facilitate the absorption of poorly absorbed drugs by increasing the contact time of the drug. Ocular drug delivery has been a major challenge for scientists due to its unique anatomy and physiology which contains various types of barriers such as different layers of cornea, sclera and retina including blood aqueous and blood–retinal barriers, choroidal and conjunctival blood flow etc. These barriers cause a significant challenge for delivery of a drug alone or in a dosage form, especially to the posterior segment of the eye. In this review we emphasized on the anatomy, physiology of eye along with ...

The present work was designed to formulate floating tablet of Metoprolol Succinate with synthetic... more The present work was designed to formulate floating tablet of Metoprolol Succinate with synthetic superdisintegrant as swelling agent. Various formulations of Metoprolol Succinate were prepared by direct compression method using the different concentrations of superdisintegrant ranging from 10% to 15%. The selected batches were evaluated for various parameter like weight variation, thickness, diameter, friability, floating lag time, duration of floating, water uptake, content uniformity, in-vitro drug release and invitro drug release kinetics. Formulations with Crosspovidone had showed better results than the Kyron T-314. The data obtained from the in-vitro dissolution studies of optimized batch F5 was fitted in different models viz. zero order, first order, Korsemeyer-Peppas model, Higuchi model and Hixon-Crowell model. Drug release mechanism was found to be First order from optimized formulation. Further for getting the type of release mechanism the data was fitted as per the Kors...

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Transdermal patch is a drug delivery device in which the drugs are incorporated and is design in ... more Transdermal patch is a drug delivery device in which the drugs are incorporated and is design in such a way that it releases the drug in sustained and at predetermined rate to deliver the drug through the skin to the systemic circulation painlessly. The aim of this research study was to formulate a controlled and sustained release transdermal matrix type patch of Methimazole. The matrix patch was prepared by solvent casting method using a various polymer in different concentration, HPMC (hydrophilic), Eudragit RL100 and Ethyl cellulose (hydrophobic) polymer. Total 9 prototype formulation were prepared and it was subjected for various evaluation test; weight uniformity, Folding endurance, thickness, Drug content, percent moisture content, percent Moisture uptake and In-vitro drug release study using Franz diffusion cell. The in-vitro CDR% data was fit into kinetics model to see the release kinetics from the patches. The Formulation F5 was choosen as a best formulation according to in...

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016

The oral delivery of drugs having poor aqueous solubility presents a major challenge. Selfemulsif... more The oral delivery of drugs having poor aqueous solubility presents a major challenge. Selfemulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), which are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, solvents and cosolvents/surfactants, can improve the oral absorption of highly lipophilic drug compounds. The current review summarizes the latest research in the field of SEDDS and we emphasize basically the type of excipients used by current researcher. SEDDS can be orally administered in soft or hard gelatin capsules and form fine relatively stable oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions upon aqueous dilution owing to the gentle agitation of the gastrointestinal fluids. Lipophilic drug compounds exhibit dissolution rate-limited absorption, these systems may offer an improvement in the rate and extent of absorption and result in more reproducible plasma drug profiles. Almost 40% of the new drug compounds are hydrophobic in nature which draws attention towards SEDDS to improve the oral bioavailability of such drugs.

Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology

: Over the past few decades, advancements in nanocarrier-based therapeutic delivery have been sig... more : Over the past few decades, advancements in nanocarrier-based therapeutic delivery have been significant, and niosomes research has recently received much interest. The self-assembled nonionic surfactant vesicles lead to the production of niosomes. The most recent nanocarriers, niosomes, are self-assembled vesicles made of nonionic surfactants with or without the proper quantities of cholesterol or other amphiphilic molecules. Because of their durability, low cost of components, large-scale production, simple maintenance, and high entrapment efficiency, niosomes are being used more frequently. Additionally, they enhance pharmacokinetics, reduce toxicity, enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds, & increase bioavailability. One of the most crucial features of niosomes is their controlled release and targeted diffusion, which is utilized for treating cancer, infectious diseases, and other problems. In this review article, we have covered all the fundamental information about niosomes, including preparation techniques, niosomes types, factors influencing their formation, niosomes evaluation, applications, and administration routes, along with recent developments.

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

The present research work was done with the objective of topical formulation development of poorl... more The present research work was done with the objective of topical formulation development of poorly water-soluble drug Mefenamic acid. The drug was firstly incorporated in nanosponge of ethyl cellulose. Then Mefenamic acid nanosponge-loaded topical gel formulations were developed by using Carbopol 934 as a gel-forming polymer. The Mefenamic acid-loaded nanosponges were tested for various quality parameters such as particle size distribution, polydispersity.index(PI),. Surface morphology and drug entrapment efficiency etc. Gel formulations were tested for viscosity, pH, in vitro diffusion and other parameters. The average size of developed nanosponge preparations was found between 250nm to 894nm. Scanning electron microscopy photographs of developed formulations clearly reveal the spongy and porous nature of particles along with spherical shape. The PI was. found in. the range. of 0.206 to 0.934. It was found that formulation N3 with a drug-to-polymer ratio of 1:4 has the highest drug...

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017

Purpose: The objective of present study is to develop site-specific drug delivery system for cont... more Purpose: The objective of present study is to develop site-specific drug delivery system for controlled release of levofloxacin for eradication of H. pylori for the treatment of peptic ulcer. Methodology: Floating microspheres of Levofloxacin were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The drug was encapsulated with Eudragit and Ethyl cellulose in various combinations of polymers ratios. Findings: The prepared microspheres are subjected to evaluation for particle size, % buoyancy, in-vitro release study and stability studies. The percentage buoyancy was found to be in the range of 67.12% to 94.21%. The good buoyancy behaviour of the microspheres revealed that the microspheres are hollow in nature and retained for more than 12 hr in the upper part of the GIT in order to enhance gastric residence time. Research Implications: The prepared formulations can be tested clinically to assure the in vivo performance. Value of paper: The current study compared the combination of polymers and revealed their effect on drug release and various other parameters for the preparation of floating microspheres.

International journal of health sciences

The present work was performed with the objective of novel topical formulation development of poo... more The present work was performed with the objective of novel topical formulation development of poorly water-soluble drug Diclofenac diethylamine by loading the drug-containing nanosponge into the topical formulation. The nanosponges are polymeric nanoparticles that entrap the drug. The drug-loaded nanosponge has different absorption characteristics in comparison to the pure drug in the topical drug delivery system. Methods: The drug was first loaded in the ethylcellulose nanosponge using the emulsion solvent diffusion method. Then Diclofenac diethylamine nanosponge-loaded topical gel formulations were developed by using Carbopol 940 as a gel-forming polymer. Result: The Diclofenac diethylamine-loaded nanosponges were evaluated for various evaluation parameters such as particle size distribution, surface morphology, drug entrapment efficiency, polydispersity index, etc. The topical gel formulations were evaluated for pH, in vitro drug release, viscosity, in vivo performance and compar...

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2021

Pyrazoline is a 5-membered heterocyclic moiety has two adjoining nitrogen iotas and three carbon ... more Pyrazoline is a 5-membered heterocyclic moiety has two adjoining nitrogen iotas and three carbon particles inside the ring. Pyrazoline subordinate are related wide scope of pharmacological and restorative exercises, for example, antibacterial, antifungal, pain relieving, calming, hostile to parasitic, against malarial, against oxidant. The ongoing work of exploration is fundamentally engaged at the revelation and improvement of a progression of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoline. A progression of new 1-phenyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)- 5-(subbed phenyl) pyrazoline subordinates (2a-2j) were blended by the response of subbed acetophenone and subbed benzaldehyde within the sight of fluid sodium hydroxide arrangement by Claisen Schmidt buildup system. The subbed chalcone were integrated which is additionally dense with phenyl hydrazine in ethanol and results in the definition of conclusive subordinates of pyrazoline (2a-2j). The response blend was observed by TLC and the last mixes were refined by...

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2021

Microsponge containing Luliconazole (LCZ) with different proportion of drug:polymer (Ethyl cellul... more Microsponge containing Luliconazole (LCZ) with different proportion of drug:polymer (Ethyl cellulose and Eudragit RS 100) were obtained efficiently using Quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. Luliconazole is an anti-fungal drug used for the topical delivery. The purpose of the microsponge formulation is to control the release of LCZ drug to the skin through Microsponge Delivery System (MDS) known to be the novel technique which overcome the maximum concentration of active ingredient, frequency doses, and skin irritation. The prepared microsponges were examined using drug content, % production yield, % entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release. The formulation were subjected to in-vitro drug release studies for 6 hr in which it was concluded that Ethyl cellulose microsponges formulated by drug:polymer (1:1) and Eudragit RS 100 microsponges formulated by drug:polymer (1:3) showed maximum controlled release i.e., Increase in drug:polymer ratio (1:1 to 1:9) increased the produc...

African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2008

Solanum torvum is used in Cameroonian traditional medicine for the management of pain and inflamm... more Solanum torvum is used in Cameroonian traditional medicine for the management of pain and inflammation. The present work assesses the pain-killing and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extracts of Solanum torvum leaves. Acetic acid-and pressure-induced pains were reduced by this extract while carrageenan-induced inflammation was inhibited at various doses of the extract. The extract therefore has both analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research, 2012

Aim of this research work was to develop mouth dissolving tablet that disintegrates rapidly in mo... more Aim of this research work was to develop mouth dissolving tablet that disintegrates rapidly in mouth by using tasteless complex of Levocetirizine and Tulsion-335. Effect of different parameters such as swelling time, resin activation, drug resin ratio as well as stirring time was optimized by taste and percentage drug loading. Formulated DRC (Drug Resin Complex) was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction pattern. Tablets were formulated by wet granulation with PVP as binder, Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) and Crospovidone as super disintegrants. In these batches optimum hardness was achieved but disintegration time was found to be very high as ≥ 70 second, so further trials were planned by using different superdisintegrants such as Croscarmellose sodium, Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) as well as Crospovidone by wet granulation method. Tablets formulated with 7.5% crospovidone showed comparatively low disintegration time (25 sec), wetting time (2...

The objective of stability study is to determine the shelf life of drug/drug product in which the... more The objective of stability study is to determine the shelf life of drug/drug product in which the drug/drug product still meets its established specifications and to ensure the suitability of packaging material and conditions of storage. The preformulation stability studies were started during early phase of development in between preclinical and clinical study. During the clinical studies parallel stability studies of drug product has to be conducted to file the NDA as per ICH Q1A (R2) guidelines. After getting NDA approval there is requirement of post approval stability data to ensure the validity of previously determined shelf life of the drug product and if there is any change the process/excipients etc. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) provide guidelines on additional stability studies for post-approval changes in site, scale, manufacturing and process for dosage forms.

The topical drug delivery provides a direct accessibility to the skin as a target organ for diagn... more The topical drug delivery provides a direct accessibility to the skin as a target organ for diagnosis and treatment without fear of undergoing first pass metabolism. Emulgel is one of the novel technologies widely used for fungal infections, acne, psoriasis and other topical disorders. Emulgel is emulsion, either of o/w or w/o type, which are gelled by mixing with a gelling agent such as Carbapol, HPMC, etc. Major objective behind emulgel is to deliver hydrophobic drugs to systemic circulation via skin. It has the benefit dual release control system i.e., emulsion and gel. Emulgel for dermatological use have several favourable properties such as being thixotropic, greaseless, easily spreadable, easily removable, emollient, non-staining, water-soluble, greater shelf life, bio-friendly, clear & pleasant appearance. Novel polymers are used which can function as emulsifier and thickener because the gelling capacity of these compounds give rise to stable emulsion and creams by decreasing...

Summary Artemisia pallens was studied for anti-inflammatory action by carrageenin-induced rat paw... more Summary Artemisia pallens was studied for anti-inflammatory action by carrageenin-induced rat paw edema. The analgesic activity was tested by tail flick method and hot plate method in albino rats and mice. The methanolic extract of Artemisia pallens in doses of 100, 200 and 500 mg/ml showed 68.85, 74.53 and 81.13% inhibition of paw edema respectively at the end of three hour. In the hot plate and tail flick model, the methanolic extract of Artemisia pallens in the above doses increased the pain threshold significantly also administration of Artemisia pallens showed dose dependent action in all experimental animal models. The plant had Saponins, flavonoids, Sesquiterpenoids, Oils, Phenols and Tannins. The results of the present study suggest that Artemisia pallens has potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Granulation is performed to a powder or mixture of powder in order to improve flow, uniformity of... more Granulation is performed to a powder or mixture of powder in order to improve flow, uniformity of contents and increasing the compressibility etc. In present review article we summarized the latest developments in granulation technologies behind most commonly used granulation process. Article deals basic information along with advantages and disadvantages of various granulation methods. Granulation step is the first important process which assures the pharmaceutical elegant solid dosage form. Need of large amount of granulating agent and subsequent drying leads to various deteriorating effects which diverted the formulators for newer techniques. The latest technologies includes steam granulation, melt/thermoplastic granulation, moisture activated dry granulation (MADG), moist granulation technique (MGT), thermal adhesion granulation process (TAGP) and foam granulation have their own advantages and these new techniques increases the interest of formulation developers in exploring a h...

Caesalpinia bonduc was evaluated for anti-inflammatory action by carrageenin-induced rat paw edem... more Caesalpinia bonduc was evaluated for anti-inflammatory action by carrageenin-induced rat paw edema. The analgesic activity was tested by acetic-induced writhing response in albino mice and hot plate method in albino rats. The ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonduc in doses of 100, 200 and 500 mg/ml showed 70.3, 71.2 and 73.0% inhibition of paw edema respectively at the end of three hour and the percentage of protection from writhing was 45.5, 51.2 and 65.5 respectively. In the hot plate model, the ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia in the above doses increased the pain threshold significantly after 30, 60, and 90 min. of administration Caesalpinia showed dose dependent action in all experimental models. The plant had Saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, oils, phenols and tannins and significantly increased the reaction time of hot plate. The results of the present study confirm that Caesalpinia bonduc has potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Controlled and sustained delivery of ophthalmic drugs continues to remain a major focus area in t... more Controlled and sustained delivery of ophthalmic drugs continues to remain a major focus area in the field of pharmaceutical drug delivery with the emergence of new, more potent drugs and biological response modifiers that may also have very short biological half-lives. The present review was conducted on drug delivery to the ocular route. Polymers with suitable rheological properties can facilitate the absorption of poorly absorbed drugs by increasing the contact time of the drug. Ocular drug delivery has been a major challenge for scientists due to its unique anatomy and physiology which contains various types of barriers such as different layers of cornea, sclera and retina including blood aqueous and blood–retinal barriers, choroidal and conjunctival blood flow etc. These barriers cause a significant challenge for delivery of a drug alone or in a dosage form, especially to the posterior segment of the eye. In this review we emphasized on the anatomy, physiology of eye along with ...

The present work was designed to formulate floating tablet of Metoprolol Succinate with synthetic... more The present work was designed to formulate floating tablet of Metoprolol Succinate with synthetic superdisintegrant as swelling agent. Various formulations of Metoprolol Succinate were prepared by direct compression method using the different concentrations of superdisintegrant ranging from 10% to 15%. The selected batches were evaluated for various parameter like weight variation, thickness, diameter, friability, floating lag time, duration of floating, water uptake, content uniformity, in-vitro drug release and invitro drug release kinetics. Formulations with Crosspovidone had showed better results than the Kyron T-314. The data obtained from the in-vitro dissolution studies of optimized batch F5 was fitted in different models viz. zero order, first order, Korsemeyer-Peppas model, Higuchi model and Hixon-Crowell model. Drug release mechanism was found to be First order from optimized formulation. Further for getting the type of release mechanism the data was fitted as per the Kors...

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Transdermal patch is a drug delivery device in which the drugs are incorporated and is design in ... more Transdermal patch is a drug delivery device in which the drugs are incorporated and is design in such a way that it releases the drug in sustained and at predetermined rate to deliver the drug through the skin to the systemic circulation painlessly. The aim of this research study was to formulate a controlled and sustained release transdermal matrix type patch of Methimazole. The matrix patch was prepared by solvent casting method using a various polymer in different concentration, HPMC (hydrophilic), Eudragit RL100 and Ethyl cellulose (hydrophobic) polymer. Total 9 prototype formulation were prepared and it was subjected for various evaluation test; weight uniformity, Folding endurance, thickness, Drug content, percent moisture content, percent Moisture uptake and In-vitro drug release study using Franz diffusion cell. The in-vitro CDR% data was fit into kinetics model to see the release kinetics from the patches. The Formulation F5 was choosen as a best formulation according to in...

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016

The oral delivery of drugs having poor aqueous solubility presents a major challenge. Selfemulsif... more The oral delivery of drugs having poor aqueous solubility presents a major challenge. Selfemulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), which are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, solvents and cosolvents/surfactants, can improve the oral absorption of highly lipophilic drug compounds. The current review summarizes the latest research in the field of SEDDS and we emphasize basically the type of excipients used by current researcher. SEDDS can be orally administered in soft or hard gelatin capsules and form fine relatively stable oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions upon aqueous dilution owing to the gentle agitation of the gastrointestinal fluids. Lipophilic drug compounds exhibit dissolution rate-limited absorption, these systems may offer an improvement in the rate and extent of absorption and result in more reproducible plasma drug profiles. Almost 40% of the new drug compounds are hydrophobic in nature which draws attention towards SEDDS to improve the oral bioavailability of such drugs.