Holly Mason - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Holly Mason

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacists and Career Commitment, Career Withdrawal Intention, and Career Change

ABSTRACT To examine the career commitment, career withdrawal intention, and career changes of pha... more ABSTRACT To examine the career commitment, career withdrawal intention, and career changes of pharmacists, a survey of 1510 randomly selected pharmacists nationwide was conducted by means of an 8-page mail questionnaire. Pharmacists obtained a lower mean career commitment scale score and a lower mean career withdrawal intention scale score than comparison professionals. Career commitment was strongly correlated with career withdrawal intention. Those individuals not in pharmacy-related work were found in both health- and business-related fields. They left pharmacy for a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic reasons. It was concluded that future research should be directed toward a greater understanding of the dynamics of a professional career and the factors within and outside the profession that influence career-related issues. (29 refs.) (Abstract by M. Therese Gyi.)

Research paper thumbnail of Using attitudes and subjective norms to predict pharmacist counselling behaviors

Patient counselling and health education, 1983

This field study examines the applicability of the central components of Fishbein and Ajzen's... more This field study examines the applicability of the central components of Fishbein and Ajzen's model for the prediction of behavior to the medication counselling activities of community pharmacists. The findings from a sample of 40 pharmacists provide support for the attitudes-subjective norms model. Both the attitude and subjective norm measures are significant predictors of behavior for verbal instruction provided and the length of encounter time. Each of the other behaviors examined--written instruction provided, monitoring activity, and pharmacist approachability--is weakly to moderately influenced by one of the two independent variables.

Research paper thumbnail of Characterizing Pharmacy Part-Time Practice

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1996), 2000

(1) To characterize pharmacists who work part-time and compare them with pharmacists who work a s... more (1) To characterize pharmacists who work part-time and compare them with pharmacists who work a secondary part-time job (moonlighters) with respect to their motivations for working in a part-time job, and (2) to identify the set of characteristics that best describes pharmacists engaged in each of the part-time work arrangements under study. A five-page questionnaire was mailed to 3,002 licensed pharmacists nationwide. Two follow-up surveys were sent to nonrespondents at the fifth and ninth weeks from the original mailout to ensure an adequate response rate. The net response rate was 57% (n = 1,637). Assessment of the sample did not detect any potential nonresponse bias. Sixty-eight percent of the respondents reported working full time, 13% were moonlighters, 14% were part-timers, and 5% were part-timers in more than one job. Reasons for working part-time were analyzed for the moonlighter and part-timer subsamples. A principal components analysis revealed that both groups have distinct motivations for selecting their chosen work arrangement. This study provides some insight into those factors affecting pharmacists' decisions to engage in two different types of part-time work. Since pharmacists' alternative work schedules can have repercussions on the quality of pharmacy being practiced, further research on pharmacists' work arrangement choices should provide useful information for work force-related endeavors.

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacists’ Compensation and Work Patterns: Overview of 1988 National Survey

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacists' compensation and work patterns, 1990-91

American pharmacy

Several major trends were observed in these findings from the 1990-91 National Pharmacists' C... more Several major trends were observed in these findings from the 1990-91 National Pharmacists' Compensation Survey (for details see the final report). Only 72.6% of licensed pharmacists were working full-time in pharmacy; another 14.4% were working part-time in pharmacy, and nearly 13.0% were either not working in pharmacy or not working at all. Although 90.0% of active men pharmacists were working full-time, only 70.7% of active women pharmacists were working full-time. Men were more likely to be working in independent and chain pharmacies as a manager or owner. Women were more likely to be working in hospital or chain pharmacies as a staff pharmacist. Pharmacists' base salary in 1990 was substantially higher for men than for women with averages of 46,661versus46,661 versus 46,661versus42,668. Total pharmacy compensation showed a similar pattern but an even greater spread between men and women with averages of 51,032versus51,032 versus 51,032versus44,751. However, after adjusting for years in practice and number of hour...

Research paper thumbnail of Characterizing pharmacy part-time practice

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996)

(1) To characterize pharmacists who work part-time and compare them with pharmacists who work a s... more (1) To characterize pharmacists who work part-time and compare them with pharmacists who work a secondary part-time job (moonlighters) with respect to their motivations for working in a part-time job, and (2) to identify the set of characteristics that best describes pharmacists engaged in each of the part-time work arrangements under study. A five-page questionnaire was mailed to 3,002 licensed pharmacists nationwide. Two follow-up surveys were sent to nonrespondents at the fifth and ninth weeks from the original mailout to ensure an adequate response rate. The net response rate was 57% (n = 1,637). Assessment of the sample did not detect any potential nonresponse bias. Sixty-eight percent of the respondents reported working full time, 13% were moonlighters, 14% were part-timers, and 5% were part-timers in more than one job. Reasons for working part-time were analyzed for the moonlighter and part-timer subsamples. A principal components analysis revealed that both groups have distinct motivations for selecting their chosen work arrangement. This study provides some insight into those factors affecting pharmacists' decisions to engage in two different types of part-time work. Since pharmacists' alternative work schedules can have repercussions on the quality of pharmacy being practiced, further research on pharmacists' work arrangement choices should provide useful information for work force-related endeavors.

Research paper thumbnail of Burnout among pharmacists

American pharmacy, 1990

A nationwide mail survey of a random sample of the American Pharmaceutical Association membership... more A nationwide mail survey of a random sample of the American Pharmaceutical Association membership was conducted to study the degree of burnout among pharmacists and to identify individual and job characteristics that make a pharmacist susceptible to burnout. Analysis of 1,261 returned questionnaires (57.1% response rate) revealed moderate levels of burnout among pharmacists. The study found that the typical pharmacist who reported the highest level of burnout was a woman less than 40 years old, who works in a chain community pharmacy setting, and who has been in practice and in the same job for less than 10 years. Further work is needed to identify other personal and practice conditions that make pharmacists susceptible to burnout. In the meantime, employees are encouraged to establish interpersonal communications designed to identify and deal with signs of burnout.

Research paper thumbnail of Commitment to the employer: do pharmacists have it?

Research paper thumbnail of Maslach Burnout Inventory: Factor Structures and Norms for Usa Pharmacists

Psychological Reports, 1989

This study was conducted to establish normative data as well as evaluate the construct validity a... more This study was conducted to establish normative data as well as evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the three subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory when given to a national sample of USA licensed practicing pharmacists. Data were subjected to principal factors analysis with iteration and a varimax rotation to obtain a three-factor solution. Visual analysis and statistical comparison provided empirical support for the presence of the hypothesized (a priori) constructs of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Lack of Personal Accomplishment. Internal consistency of the derived subscales, as measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, were comparable with previous data. Pharmacists' subscale scores were significantly lower than those obtained in studies of the helping professions.

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacists and Career Commitment, Career Withdrawal Intention, and Career Change

Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management, 1994

ABSTRACT To examine the career commitment, career withdrawal intention, and career changes of pha... more ABSTRACT To examine the career commitment, career withdrawal intention, and career changes of pharmacists, a survey of 1510 randomly selected pharmacists nationwide was conducted by means of an 8-page mail questionnaire. Pharmacists obtained a lower mean career commitment scale score and a lower mean career withdrawal intention scale score than comparison professionals. Career commitment was strongly correlated with career withdrawal intention. Those individuals not in pharmacy-related work were found in both health- and business-related fields. They left pharmacy for a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic reasons. It was concluded that future research should be directed toward a greater understanding of the dynamics of a professional career and the factors within and outside the profession that influence career-related issues. (29 refs.) (Abstract by M. Therese Gyi.)

Research paper thumbnail of Abstract 18185: A Proposed Model of the Relationships Between Health Literacy, Self-Care, Self-Efficacy, and Knowledge in Heart Failure

Circulation, Nov 22, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Promoting Civility in Graduate Student Education

Journal of Pharmacy Teaching, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating Pharmacy Student's Ability-Based Educational Outcomes Using an Assessment Center Approach1,2

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmaceutical services in hospitals treating pediatric patients

American journal of hospital pharmacy

A survey was conducted of pharmaceutical services in 120 of the 325 short-term hospitals associat... more A survey was conducted of pharmaceutical services in 120 of the 325 short-term hospitals associated with accredited pediatric residency training programs, 52 pediatric hospitals, and 68 adult hospitals with pediatric units or floors. The mail survey conducted in 1983 had a 70% response. Centralized pharmaceutical services were offered by the majority of the hospitals. Seventy-two percent of the respondents indicated that either a complete or partial unit dose drug-distribution system was used for most of their pediatric patients, while 25% indicated that they used either the traditional individual patient-fill system or some combination of drug-distribution systems. A total of 80% of the hospitals provided either complete or partial i.v. admixture services. The preparation of total parenteral nutrient solutions was the most common admixture service provided. Clinical services were provided, to some extent, by 63% of the respondents. Computers were used for multiple functions, such a...

Research paper thumbnail of Evolving health care system: research issues and challenges

American journal of pharmaceutical education

Research paper thumbnail of Nonprescription drug use among hospitalized pediatric patients

American journal of hospital pharmacy

The parents of pediatric patients were questioned regarding the use and selection of nonprescript... more The parents of pediatric patients were questioned regarding the use and selection of nonprescription drugs for their children. A questionnaire was distributed to the parents of 200 hospitalized pediatric patients. It gathered information on nonprescription drug use during the six-month and one-week periods before hospitalization, the importance of various sources of advice regarding the need to self-medicate, and the sources of product information and the factors influencing product selection. One hundred sixty questionnaires were returned. Almost all of the children (97.5%) were self-medicated by their parents within the six-month period before hospital admission. Only 21% of the parents usually sought advice before deciding to self-medicate their children. Physician recommendations were noted as an important factor in the selection of a nonprescription product, followed an importance by pharmacists and then other health-care professionals. Professional recommendations all ranked h...

Research paper thumbnail of Medication counseling behaviors and attitudes of rural community pharmacists

Drug intelligence & clinical pharmacy

There is a continued emphasis on developing the pharmacist's medication counseling role to be... more There is a continued emphasis on developing the pharmacist's medication counseling role to better serve the public. To understand this role, the present study utilized a shopper methodology to describe the extent to which 40 rural community pharmacists engage in five dimensions of counseling for each of two drug products. The study demonstrates a significant relationship between the attitudes toward counseling held by these practitioners and their actual counseling behaviors.

Research paper thumbnail of Geriatric Experience for Pharmacy Students: Classroom Instruction Applied during Externship

American journal of pharmaceutical education

During the Fall 1982 semester, Purdue pharmacy students elected to participate in a 24 class-hour... more During the Fall 1982 semester, Purdue pharmacy students elected to participate in a 24 class-hour course that stressed instruction and practical experience in geriatric pharmacy services. A major course project was the step-by-step development and presentation of an inservice educational program. (Author/MLW)

Research paper thumbnail of Report of the COF Task Force on Professional Socialization 1

Research paper thumbnail of The Use of a Reflective Logbook to Facilitate Dynamic Evaluation of Activities in a Group Project

Journal of Pharmacy Teaching, 1995

ABSTRACT The ability to reflect on problems and assess performance in activities is an important ... more ABSTRACT The ability to reflect on problems and assess performance in activities is an important asset for pharmacy students to possess. Through active reflection, new ways of thinking about and dealing with problems can be realized. This study gave pharmacy students an opportunity to learn through reflection; by maintaining a reflective logbook to facilitate dvnamic evaluation of activities carried out in a group project. Results from the Logbook Benefit Survey (LBS), constructed to determine how beneficial the reflective logbook was perceived to be by students, provide evidence that the logbook was beneficial in many respects. The Logbook Scoring Rubric (LSR) was also constructed to give an indication of the number of content dimensions addressed by the students in their logbooks. Combined results from the LBS and the LSR show that many students used the reflective logbook as an invitation to reflect on and evaluate the activities during the group project, thus promoting selfdirected learning.

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacists and Career Commitment, Career Withdrawal Intention, and Career Change

ABSTRACT To examine the career commitment, career withdrawal intention, and career changes of pha... more ABSTRACT To examine the career commitment, career withdrawal intention, and career changes of pharmacists, a survey of 1510 randomly selected pharmacists nationwide was conducted by means of an 8-page mail questionnaire. Pharmacists obtained a lower mean career commitment scale score and a lower mean career withdrawal intention scale score than comparison professionals. Career commitment was strongly correlated with career withdrawal intention. Those individuals not in pharmacy-related work were found in both health- and business-related fields. They left pharmacy for a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic reasons. It was concluded that future research should be directed toward a greater understanding of the dynamics of a professional career and the factors within and outside the profession that influence career-related issues. (29 refs.) (Abstract by M. Therese Gyi.)

Research paper thumbnail of Using attitudes and subjective norms to predict pharmacist counselling behaviors

Patient counselling and health education, 1983

This field study examines the applicability of the central components of Fishbein and Ajzen's... more This field study examines the applicability of the central components of Fishbein and Ajzen's model for the prediction of behavior to the medication counselling activities of community pharmacists. The findings from a sample of 40 pharmacists provide support for the attitudes-subjective norms model. Both the attitude and subjective norm measures are significant predictors of behavior for verbal instruction provided and the length of encounter time. Each of the other behaviors examined--written instruction provided, monitoring activity, and pharmacist approachability--is weakly to moderately influenced by one of the two independent variables.

Research paper thumbnail of Characterizing Pharmacy Part-Time Practice

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1996), 2000

(1) To characterize pharmacists who work part-time and compare them with pharmacists who work a s... more (1) To characterize pharmacists who work part-time and compare them with pharmacists who work a secondary part-time job (moonlighters) with respect to their motivations for working in a part-time job, and (2) to identify the set of characteristics that best describes pharmacists engaged in each of the part-time work arrangements under study. A five-page questionnaire was mailed to 3,002 licensed pharmacists nationwide. Two follow-up surveys were sent to nonrespondents at the fifth and ninth weeks from the original mailout to ensure an adequate response rate. The net response rate was 57% (n = 1,637). Assessment of the sample did not detect any potential nonresponse bias. Sixty-eight percent of the respondents reported working full time, 13% were moonlighters, 14% were part-timers, and 5% were part-timers in more than one job. Reasons for working part-time were analyzed for the moonlighter and part-timer subsamples. A principal components analysis revealed that both groups have distinct motivations for selecting their chosen work arrangement. This study provides some insight into those factors affecting pharmacists' decisions to engage in two different types of part-time work. Since pharmacists' alternative work schedules can have repercussions on the quality of pharmacy being practiced, further research on pharmacists' work arrangement choices should provide useful information for work force-related endeavors.

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacists’ Compensation and Work Patterns: Overview of 1988 National Survey

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacists' compensation and work patterns, 1990-91

American pharmacy

Several major trends were observed in these findings from the 1990-91 National Pharmacists' C... more Several major trends were observed in these findings from the 1990-91 National Pharmacists' Compensation Survey (for details see the final report). Only 72.6% of licensed pharmacists were working full-time in pharmacy; another 14.4% were working part-time in pharmacy, and nearly 13.0% were either not working in pharmacy or not working at all. Although 90.0% of active men pharmacists were working full-time, only 70.7% of active women pharmacists were working full-time. Men were more likely to be working in independent and chain pharmacies as a manager or owner. Women were more likely to be working in hospital or chain pharmacies as a staff pharmacist. Pharmacists' base salary in 1990 was substantially higher for men than for women with averages of 46,661versus46,661 versus 46,661versus42,668. Total pharmacy compensation showed a similar pattern but an even greater spread between men and women with averages of 51,032versus51,032 versus 51,032versus44,751. However, after adjusting for years in practice and number of hour...

Research paper thumbnail of Characterizing pharmacy part-time practice

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996)

(1) To characterize pharmacists who work part-time and compare them with pharmacists who work a s... more (1) To characterize pharmacists who work part-time and compare them with pharmacists who work a secondary part-time job (moonlighters) with respect to their motivations for working in a part-time job, and (2) to identify the set of characteristics that best describes pharmacists engaged in each of the part-time work arrangements under study. A five-page questionnaire was mailed to 3,002 licensed pharmacists nationwide. Two follow-up surveys were sent to nonrespondents at the fifth and ninth weeks from the original mailout to ensure an adequate response rate. The net response rate was 57% (n = 1,637). Assessment of the sample did not detect any potential nonresponse bias. Sixty-eight percent of the respondents reported working full time, 13% were moonlighters, 14% were part-timers, and 5% were part-timers in more than one job. Reasons for working part-time were analyzed for the moonlighter and part-timer subsamples. A principal components analysis revealed that both groups have distinct motivations for selecting their chosen work arrangement. This study provides some insight into those factors affecting pharmacists' decisions to engage in two different types of part-time work. Since pharmacists' alternative work schedules can have repercussions on the quality of pharmacy being practiced, further research on pharmacists' work arrangement choices should provide useful information for work force-related endeavors.

Research paper thumbnail of Burnout among pharmacists

American pharmacy, 1990

A nationwide mail survey of a random sample of the American Pharmaceutical Association membership... more A nationwide mail survey of a random sample of the American Pharmaceutical Association membership was conducted to study the degree of burnout among pharmacists and to identify individual and job characteristics that make a pharmacist susceptible to burnout. Analysis of 1,261 returned questionnaires (57.1% response rate) revealed moderate levels of burnout among pharmacists. The study found that the typical pharmacist who reported the highest level of burnout was a woman less than 40 years old, who works in a chain community pharmacy setting, and who has been in practice and in the same job for less than 10 years. Further work is needed to identify other personal and practice conditions that make pharmacists susceptible to burnout. In the meantime, employees are encouraged to establish interpersonal communications designed to identify and deal with signs of burnout.

Research paper thumbnail of Commitment to the employer: do pharmacists have it?

Research paper thumbnail of Maslach Burnout Inventory: Factor Structures and Norms for Usa Pharmacists

Psychological Reports, 1989

This study was conducted to establish normative data as well as evaluate the construct validity a... more This study was conducted to establish normative data as well as evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the three subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory when given to a national sample of USA licensed practicing pharmacists. Data were subjected to principal factors analysis with iteration and a varimax rotation to obtain a three-factor solution. Visual analysis and statistical comparison provided empirical support for the presence of the hypothesized (a priori) constructs of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Lack of Personal Accomplishment. Internal consistency of the derived subscales, as measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, were comparable with previous data. Pharmacists' subscale scores were significantly lower than those obtained in studies of the helping professions.

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacists and Career Commitment, Career Withdrawal Intention, and Career Change

Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management, 1994

ABSTRACT To examine the career commitment, career withdrawal intention, and career changes of pha... more ABSTRACT To examine the career commitment, career withdrawal intention, and career changes of pharmacists, a survey of 1510 randomly selected pharmacists nationwide was conducted by means of an 8-page mail questionnaire. Pharmacists obtained a lower mean career commitment scale score and a lower mean career withdrawal intention scale score than comparison professionals. Career commitment was strongly correlated with career withdrawal intention. Those individuals not in pharmacy-related work were found in both health- and business-related fields. They left pharmacy for a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic reasons. It was concluded that future research should be directed toward a greater understanding of the dynamics of a professional career and the factors within and outside the profession that influence career-related issues. (29 refs.) (Abstract by M. Therese Gyi.)

Research paper thumbnail of Abstract 18185: A Proposed Model of the Relationships Between Health Literacy, Self-Care, Self-Efficacy, and Knowledge in Heart Failure

Circulation, Nov 22, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Promoting Civility in Graduate Student Education

Journal of Pharmacy Teaching, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating Pharmacy Student's Ability-Based Educational Outcomes Using an Assessment Center Approach1,2

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmaceutical services in hospitals treating pediatric patients

American journal of hospital pharmacy

A survey was conducted of pharmaceutical services in 120 of the 325 short-term hospitals associat... more A survey was conducted of pharmaceutical services in 120 of the 325 short-term hospitals associated with accredited pediatric residency training programs, 52 pediatric hospitals, and 68 adult hospitals with pediatric units or floors. The mail survey conducted in 1983 had a 70% response. Centralized pharmaceutical services were offered by the majority of the hospitals. Seventy-two percent of the respondents indicated that either a complete or partial unit dose drug-distribution system was used for most of their pediatric patients, while 25% indicated that they used either the traditional individual patient-fill system or some combination of drug-distribution systems. A total of 80% of the hospitals provided either complete or partial i.v. admixture services. The preparation of total parenteral nutrient solutions was the most common admixture service provided. Clinical services were provided, to some extent, by 63% of the respondents. Computers were used for multiple functions, such a...

Research paper thumbnail of Evolving health care system: research issues and challenges

American journal of pharmaceutical education

Research paper thumbnail of Nonprescription drug use among hospitalized pediatric patients

American journal of hospital pharmacy

The parents of pediatric patients were questioned regarding the use and selection of nonprescript... more The parents of pediatric patients were questioned regarding the use and selection of nonprescription drugs for their children. A questionnaire was distributed to the parents of 200 hospitalized pediatric patients. It gathered information on nonprescription drug use during the six-month and one-week periods before hospitalization, the importance of various sources of advice regarding the need to self-medicate, and the sources of product information and the factors influencing product selection. One hundred sixty questionnaires were returned. Almost all of the children (97.5%) were self-medicated by their parents within the six-month period before hospital admission. Only 21% of the parents usually sought advice before deciding to self-medicate their children. Physician recommendations were noted as an important factor in the selection of a nonprescription product, followed an importance by pharmacists and then other health-care professionals. Professional recommendations all ranked h...

Research paper thumbnail of Medication counseling behaviors and attitudes of rural community pharmacists

Drug intelligence & clinical pharmacy

There is a continued emphasis on developing the pharmacist's medication counseling role to be... more There is a continued emphasis on developing the pharmacist's medication counseling role to better serve the public. To understand this role, the present study utilized a shopper methodology to describe the extent to which 40 rural community pharmacists engage in five dimensions of counseling for each of two drug products. The study demonstrates a significant relationship between the attitudes toward counseling held by these practitioners and their actual counseling behaviors.

Research paper thumbnail of Geriatric Experience for Pharmacy Students: Classroom Instruction Applied during Externship

American journal of pharmaceutical education

During the Fall 1982 semester, Purdue pharmacy students elected to participate in a 24 class-hour... more During the Fall 1982 semester, Purdue pharmacy students elected to participate in a 24 class-hour course that stressed instruction and practical experience in geriatric pharmacy services. A major course project was the step-by-step development and presentation of an inservice educational program. (Author/MLW)

Research paper thumbnail of Report of the COF Task Force on Professional Socialization 1

Research paper thumbnail of The Use of a Reflective Logbook to Facilitate Dynamic Evaluation of Activities in a Group Project

Journal of Pharmacy Teaching, 1995

ABSTRACT The ability to reflect on problems and assess performance in activities is an important ... more ABSTRACT The ability to reflect on problems and assess performance in activities is an important asset for pharmacy students to possess. Through active reflection, new ways of thinking about and dealing with problems can be realized. This study gave pharmacy students an opportunity to learn through reflection; by maintaining a reflective logbook to facilitate dvnamic evaluation of activities carried out in a group project. Results from the Logbook Benefit Survey (LBS), constructed to determine how beneficial the reflective logbook was perceived to be by students, provide evidence that the logbook was beneficial in many respects. The Logbook Scoring Rubric (LSR) was also constructed to give an indication of the number of content dimensions addressed by the students in their logbooks. Combined results from the LBS and the LSR show that many students used the reflective logbook as an invitation to reflect on and evaluate the activities during the group project, thus promoting selfdirected learning.