Sayama Hoque - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sayama Hoque

Research paper thumbnail of HbA1c to Assess the Risk of Diabetic Vascular Complications

Micro- and macro-vascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in perso... more Micro- and macro-vascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with diabetes. Strict monitoring and maintenance of normal blood glucose and prevention of different risk factors can prevent and delay vascular complications. Though these are not new risks but it is found that poor glycaemic control, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia etc. have been gradually increasing and is thought to be the driving influence behind the epidemic of diabetic vascular diseases faced today. The contributions of risk factors, especially blood glucose levels are yet to be clearly identified and quantified. This book is about gaining the new insights into how different risk factors, especially HbA1c affect and reflect the risk of vascular diseases among patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings will stress the need of HbA1c estimation for early detection of the diabetic patients who are at the risk of development of vascular complications and help to delay and pr...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Different HbA1c Levels to Assess the Risk of Peripheral Neuropathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Along With Other Conventional Risk Factors

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin, 2017

This cross sectional study was carried out in the outpatient department of Bangladesh Institute o... more This cross sectional study was carried out in the outpatient department of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Bangladesh (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka, to explore the factors influencing or related to the development of the diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) with specific concern to the HbA1c levels. A total of 400 patients with type 2 diabetic were selected to collect information on socio-demographic, blood pressure, anthropometry and lipid profile. Glycaemic status was assessed by HbA1c and plasma glucose levels. Prevalence of DPN was 16.8%, with male 10.8% and female 20.9%. Increased HbA1c categories above 7.0% were significantly associated with increased prevalence of DPN (9.2 Vs. 10.5 Vs 26.5%; ?2 = 19.446, p = .000). Logistic regression models showed that the risk of DPN was strongly increased at the HbA1c categories ?8% (OR = 3.57; 95% CI: 1.75-7.26). Advanced age (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.12-3.47), longer dura...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Perinatal Asphyxia with Evaluation of Associated Risk Factors in a Rural Tertiary Level Hospital

KYAMC Journal, 2017

Background: Perinatal asphyxia (PNA) is one of the most important causes of perinatal mortality a... more Background: Perinatal asphyxia (PNA) is one of the most important causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity which can be preventable and managable.Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of perinatal asphyxia and to explore the factors influencing or related to the development of the PNA.Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in the neonatal unit of department of pediatrics, KYAMC hospital from January 2015 to December 2016. Two hundred eleven neonates admitted in neonatal unit including SCABU were enrolled in the study considering inclusion criteria. Necessary information about sociodemography, peri-natal history (including antepartum, intrapartum and fetal risk factors) were collected by detailed history taking on a pre-designed questionnaire. Clinical examinations and outcomes were also recorded. We used Student's t-test and ?2-test to determine the association of PNA with various risk factors.Results: The male to female ...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Nephropathy with Evaluation of HbA1c Level and other Associated Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Level Hospital

KYAMC Journal, 2017

Background: Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease which ultimately results end-... more Background: Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease which ultimately results end-stage renal disease (ESRD).Objectives: The purpose of the study was to explore the factors influencing or related to the development of the diabetic nephropathy with specific concern to the HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin) levels.Methods: Four hundred type 2 diabetic patients (male 166 and female 234) were studied and were evaluated for the presence of nephropathy through the review of their registered diabetic guide book. Glycaemic status was assessed by HbA1c (HbA1c was categorized into 3 groups) and plasma glucose levels. We used Student's ttest,?2-test and logistic regression analysis to determine and quantify the association of diabetic nephropathy with various risk factors specially HbA1c.Results: The prevalence of nephropathy was 24.0%; male 27.1%, female 21.8%. Increasing HbA1c categories above 7.0% were significantly associated with increased prevalence of nephropathy (15.8 v...

Research paper thumbnail of Hypothyroidism - A New View On An Old Disease

KYAMC Journal, 2017

Hypothyroidism is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not p... more Hypothyroidism is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Underactivity of thyroid is usually primary, from disease of thyroid, but may be secondary to hypothalamic-pituitary disease (reduced TSH drive). Untreated hypothyroidism can cause a number of health problems, such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, infertility. The prevalence increases with age, and is higher in females than in males. Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most common aetiology of hypothyroidism. Clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism are nonspecific and may be subtle, especially in older persons. TSH and FT4 measurement are the laboratory examinations necessary for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism as well as the differential diagnosis between primary (clinical or subclinical) and secondary one. In the majority of patients, alleviation of symptoms can be accomplished through oral administration of synthetic levothyroxine, and most patients will require lifelong therapy.

Research paper thumbnail of Pregnancy in an Infertile Woman with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

KYAMC Journal, 2017

Introduction: The most common cause of anovulatory infertility is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS... more Introduction: The most common cause of anovulatory infertility is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is a syndrome of ovarian dysfunction associated with hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary morphology. Several treatment options are available for women with infertility related to PCOS including weight reduction, clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, laparoscopic ovarian diathermy, metformin and letrozole. Case Presentation: This is a case report of 32-year-old infertile female who was married for 12 years and tried ovulation induction drugs several times but failed to conceive. She was overweight, hirsute, oligomenorrheic and lastly amenorrheic. Investigations revealed altered ratio of FSH and LH, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. Patient was adviced to do regular physical exercise and prescribed metformin and combined oral contraceptive pill. After treatment restoration of regular menstruation occurred, weight reduced and patient became pregnant. Conclusion: Before choosing any treatment option for an infertile woman with PCOS proper control of abnormal metabolic conditions are necessary for a successful treatment outcome.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of HbA1c Level and Other Risk Factors in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Study of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending in a Tertiary Level Hospital

KYAMC Journal, 2017

Background: Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in persons with diabetes. Strict monito... more Background: Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in persons with diabetes. Strict monitoring and maintenance of normal blood glucose specially HbA1c and prevention of different risk factors can prevent and delay the diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of the study was to explore the factors influencing or related to the development of the diabetic retinopathy with spcial concern to the HbA1c levels. Materials and Methods: We studied 400 type 2 diabetic patients in this cross-sectional study which was conducted in the outpatient department of BIRDEM hospital, Bangladesh. The randomly selected patients were evaluated for the presence of retinopathy through the review of their registered diabetic guide book. We included sociodemographic information, blood pressure, anthropometry (height, weight, BMI) and lipid profile of the patients. Glycaemic status was assessed by HbA1c (HbA1c was categorized into 3 groups) and plasma glucose levels. We used Student's t-test, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to determine and quantify the association of diabetic retinopathy with various risk factors specially HbA1c. Results: 400 type 2 diabetic patients (male 166 and female 234) were studied. The prevalence of retinopathy was 12.3%; male 12.7%, female 12.0%. Increasing HbA1c categories above 7.0% were significantly associated with increased prevalence of retinopathy (4.2 vs 12.3 vs 18.1%; 2 = 12.529, p < .01). Logistic regression models of univariate analysis showed that the risk of retinopathy at HbA1c categories >7.0% was (

Research paper thumbnail of Microvascular Complications and Their Associated Risk Factors in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

International Journal of Chronic Diseases, 2014

The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of microvascular complications and associated ris... more The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of microvascular complications and associated risk factors in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a public tertiary care hospital. All the recruited patients underwent extensive examination for the presence of microvascular complications like neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Prevalence of any complication was 18.04%. Prevalence of neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy was found to be 8.2%, 9.5%, and 2.8%, respectively. Triglycerides (OR, 1.01;P = 0.011) and old age (OR, 1.06;P ≤0.01) were significantly associated with any complication. Triglycerides were significantly associated with neuropathy (OR, 1.01;P = 0.05) and retinopathy (OR, 1.01;P =0.02). Being male posed high risk for nephropathy (OR, 0.06;P =0.01). These results are suggesting need of regular screening for microvascular complications.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of macrovascular complications and cardiovascular risk factors in people treated for diabetes and living in France: The ENTRED study 2001

Diabetes & Metabolism, 2008

Aim.-The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of macrovascular complications and cardi... more Aim.-The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of macrovascular complications and cardiovascular risk factors among people with diabetes living in France and to compare these prevalences with other national estimates. Methods.-We randomly sampled 10,000 people who received one or more reimbursements for insulin or oral hypoglycaemic treatment from the major national medical insurance system during the period October-December 2001; 3646 of the 10,000 people completed a questionnaire; for a subgroup of 1718 people, their care providers completed a medical questionnaire. Results.-The prevalence of diagnosed macrovascular complications was of 17% according to patients (angina or myocardial infarction, 15%; coronary revascularization, 9%) and of 20% overall, according to physicians (angina or myocardial infarction, 16%; coronary revascularization, 6%; stroke, 5%). Macrovascular complications were more frequent in people with type 2 than type 1 diabetes, reflecting an age effect. The prevalences of cardiovascular risk factors in type 1 and type 2 diabetes were: current smoking, 35 and 14%; overweight, 28 and 42%; obesity, 9 and 36%; blood pressure superior to 130/80 mmHg, 29 and 59%; LDL cholesterol superior or equal to 3.4 mmol/l, 18 and 26%, respectively. Conclusions.-Compared with other European countries, elevated blood pressure is more frequent in people with diabetes living in France; compared with US estimates, the prevalence of macrovascular complications is lower, glucose control better and blood pressure control poorer in France. These data, observed in a country with widespread access to care and at low cost to the patient, nevertheless demonstrate an urgent need for improving the cardiovascular risk profile of people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, both with and without macrovascular complications.

Research paper thumbnail of HbA1c to Assess the Risk of Diabetic Vascular Complications

Micro- and macro-vascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in perso... more Micro- and macro-vascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with diabetes. Strict monitoring and maintenance of normal blood glucose and prevention of different risk factors can prevent and delay vascular complications. Though these are not new risks but it is found that poor glycaemic control, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia etc. have been gradually increasing and is thought to be the driving influence behind the epidemic of diabetic vascular diseases faced today. The contributions of risk factors, especially blood glucose levels are yet to be clearly identified and quantified. This book is about gaining the new insights into how different risk factors, especially HbA1c affect and reflect the risk of vascular diseases among patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings will stress the need of HbA1c estimation for early detection of the diabetic patients who are at the risk of development of vascular complications and help to delay and pr...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Different HbA1c Levels to Assess the Risk of Peripheral Neuropathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Along With Other Conventional Risk Factors

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin, 2017

This cross sectional study was carried out in the outpatient department of Bangladesh Institute o... more This cross sectional study was carried out in the outpatient department of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Bangladesh (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka, to explore the factors influencing or related to the development of the diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) with specific concern to the HbA1c levels. A total of 400 patients with type 2 diabetic were selected to collect information on socio-demographic, blood pressure, anthropometry and lipid profile. Glycaemic status was assessed by HbA1c and plasma glucose levels. Prevalence of DPN was 16.8%, with male 10.8% and female 20.9%. Increased HbA1c categories above 7.0% were significantly associated with increased prevalence of DPN (9.2 Vs. 10.5 Vs 26.5%; ?2 = 19.446, p = .000). Logistic regression models showed that the risk of DPN was strongly increased at the HbA1c categories ?8% (OR = 3.57; 95% CI: 1.75-7.26). Advanced age (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.12-3.47), longer dura...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Perinatal Asphyxia with Evaluation of Associated Risk Factors in a Rural Tertiary Level Hospital

KYAMC Journal, 2017

Background: Perinatal asphyxia (PNA) is one of the most important causes of perinatal mortality a... more Background: Perinatal asphyxia (PNA) is one of the most important causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity which can be preventable and managable.Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of perinatal asphyxia and to explore the factors influencing or related to the development of the PNA.Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in the neonatal unit of department of pediatrics, KYAMC hospital from January 2015 to December 2016. Two hundred eleven neonates admitted in neonatal unit including SCABU were enrolled in the study considering inclusion criteria. Necessary information about sociodemography, peri-natal history (including antepartum, intrapartum and fetal risk factors) were collected by detailed history taking on a pre-designed questionnaire. Clinical examinations and outcomes were also recorded. We used Student's t-test and ?2-test to determine the association of PNA with various risk factors.Results: The male to female ...

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Nephropathy with Evaluation of HbA1c Level and other Associated Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Level Hospital

KYAMC Journal, 2017

Background: Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease which ultimately results end-... more Background: Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease which ultimately results end-stage renal disease (ESRD).Objectives: The purpose of the study was to explore the factors influencing or related to the development of the diabetic nephropathy with specific concern to the HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin) levels.Methods: Four hundred type 2 diabetic patients (male 166 and female 234) were studied and were evaluated for the presence of nephropathy through the review of their registered diabetic guide book. Glycaemic status was assessed by HbA1c (HbA1c was categorized into 3 groups) and plasma glucose levels. We used Student's ttest,?2-test and logistic regression analysis to determine and quantify the association of diabetic nephropathy with various risk factors specially HbA1c.Results: The prevalence of nephropathy was 24.0%; male 27.1%, female 21.8%. Increasing HbA1c categories above 7.0% were significantly associated with increased prevalence of nephropathy (15.8 v...

Research paper thumbnail of Hypothyroidism - A New View On An Old Disease

KYAMC Journal, 2017

Hypothyroidism is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not p... more Hypothyroidism is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Underactivity of thyroid is usually primary, from disease of thyroid, but may be secondary to hypothalamic-pituitary disease (reduced TSH drive). Untreated hypothyroidism can cause a number of health problems, such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, infertility. The prevalence increases with age, and is higher in females than in males. Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most common aetiology of hypothyroidism. Clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism are nonspecific and may be subtle, especially in older persons. TSH and FT4 measurement are the laboratory examinations necessary for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism as well as the differential diagnosis between primary (clinical or subclinical) and secondary one. In the majority of patients, alleviation of symptoms can be accomplished through oral administration of synthetic levothyroxine, and most patients will require lifelong therapy.

Research paper thumbnail of Pregnancy in an Infertile Woman with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

KYAMC Journal, 2017

Introduction: The most common cause of anovulatory infertility is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS... more Introduction: The most common cause of anovulatory infertility is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is a syndrome of ovarian dysfunction associated with hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary morphology. Several treatment options are available for women with infertility related to PCOS including weight reduction, clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, laparoscopic ovarian diathermy, metformin and letrozole. Case Presentation: This is a case report of 32-year-old infertile female who was married for 12 years and tried ovulation induction drugs several times but failed to conceive. She was overweight, hirsute, oligomenorrheic and lastly amenorrheic. Investigations revealed altered ratio of FSH and LH, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. Patient was adviced to do regular physical exercise and prescribed metformin and combined oral contraceptive pill. After treatment restoration of regular menstruation occurred, weight reduced and patient became pregnant. Conclusion: Before choosing any treatment option for an infertile woman with PCOS proper control of abnormal metabolic conditions are necessary for a successful treatment outcome.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of HbA1c Level and Other Risk Factors in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Study of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending in a Tertiary Level Hospital

KYAMC Journal, 2017

Background: Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in persons with diabetes. Strict monito... more Background: Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in persons with diabetes. Strict monitoring and maintenance of normal blood glucose specially HbA1c and prevention of different risk factors can prevent and delay the diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of the study was to explore the factors influencing or related to the development of the diabetic retinopathy with spcial concern to the HbA1c levels. Materials and Methods: We studied 400 type 2 diabetic patients in this cross-sectional study which was conducted in the outpatient department of BIRDEM hospital, Bangladesh. The randomly selected patients were evaluated for the presence of retinopathy through the review of their registered diabetic guide book. We included sociodemographic information, blood pressure, anthropometry (height, weight, BMI) and lipid profile of the patients. Glycaemic status was assessed by HbA1c (HbA1c was categorized into 3 groups) and plasma glucose levels. We used Student's t-test, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to determine and quantify the association of diabetic retinopathy with various risk factors specially HbA1c. Results: 400 type 2 diabetic patients (male 166 and female 234) were studied. The prevalence of retinopathy was 12.3%; male 12.7%, female 12.0%. Increasing HbA1c categories above 7.0% were significantly associated with increased prevalence of retinopathy (4.2 vs 12.3 vs 18.1%; 2 = 12.529, p < .01). Logistic regression models of univariate analysis showed that the risk of retinopathy at HbA1c categories >7.0% was (

Research paper thumbnail of Microvascular Complications and Their Associated Risk Factors in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

International Journal of Chronic Diseases, 2014

The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of microvascular complications and associated ris... more The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of microvascular complications and associated risk factors in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a public tertiary care hospital. All the recruited patients underwent extensive examination for the presence of microvascular complications like neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Prevalence of any complication was 18.04%. Prevalence of neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy was found to be 8.2%, 9.5%, and 2.8%, respectively. Triglycerides (OR, 1.01;P = 0.011) and old age (OR, 1.06;P ≤0.01) were significantly associated with any complication. Triglycerides were significantly associated with neuropathy (OR, 1.01;P = 0.05) and retinopathy (OR, 1.01;P =0.02). Being male posed high risk for nephropathy (OR, 0.06;P =0.01). These results are suggesting need of regular screening for microvascular complications.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of macrovascular complications and cardiovascular risk factors in people treated for diabetes and living in France: The ENTRED study 2001

Diabetes & Metabolism, 2008

Aim.-The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of macrovascular complications and cardi... more Aim.-The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of macrovascular complications and cardiovascular risk factors among people with diabetes living in France and to compare these prevalences with other national estimates. Methods.-We randomly sampled 10,000 people who received one or more reimbursements for insulin or oral hypoglycaemic treatment from the major national medical insurance system during the period October-December 2001; 3646 of the 10,000 people completed a questionnaire; for a subgroup of 1718 people, their care providers completed a medical questionnaire. Results.-The prevalence of diagnosed macrovascular complications was of 17% according to patients (angina or myocardial infarction, 15%; coronary revascularization, 9%) and of 20% overall, according to physicians (angina or myocardial infarction, 16%; coronary revascularization, 6%; stroke, 5%). Macrovascular complications were more frequent in people with type 2 than type 1 diabetes, reflecting an age effect. The prevalences of cardiovascular risk factors in type 1 and type 2 diabetes were: current smoking, 35 and 14%; overweight, 28 and 42%; obesity, 9 and 36%; blood pressure superior to 130/80 mmHg, 29 and 59%; LDL cholesterol superior or equal to 3.4 mmol/l, 18 and 26%, respectively. Conclusions.-Compared with other European countries, elevated blood pressure is more frequent in people with diabetes living in France; compared with US estimates, the prevalence of macrovascular complications is lower, glucose control better and blood pressure control poorer in France. These data, observed in a country with widespread access to care and at low cost to the patient, nevertheless demonstrate an urgent need for improving the cardiovascular risk profile of people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, both with and without macrovascular complications.