Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ) - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ)

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Objectives: Foreign body aspirations (FBAs) comprise the majority of accidental childhood deaths.... more Objectives: Foreign body aspirations (FBAs) comprise the majority of accidental childhood deaths. The present study aimed to investigate the location and types of aspirated foreign bodies in hospitalized patients’ airways.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the medical records of all consecutive patients with a primary diagnosis of FBA were reviewed retrospectively from 2019 to 2022. We extracted demographic profile (age and gender), type of aspirated foreign body, clinical manifestation at the time of presentation, clinical signs according to physical examination, and the time duration between presentation to hospital and removal of aspirated foreign body.

Results: Of 101 patients, 65 were male, and most were under 4 years old. Nuts (53.5%) and organic bits (30.7%) were the most common aspirated foreign bodies. The bronchus (69.4%) was the most common location of aspirated foreign bodies. Most of the organic pieces (96.8%) and nuts (87%) were seen in the age group below 4 years old and also most of the cases of plastic pieces were related to children aged 4 to 18 years (P<0.001). Cough and shortness of breath (68.3%) were the most common clinical complaints. Most patients with FBA in the trachea (65%) and bronchus (74%) had a normal clinical examination and a significant difference was observed between the clinical signs and location of the foreign body (P<0.001). Fifty-four patients (53.5%) underwent foreign body intervention and removal less than 24 hours after aspiration.

Discussion: A high frequency of FBA in children, especially in infants and toddlers, is due to starting feeding. It is very important to consider the differences in the types and locations of the aspirated object. Therefore, early rigid bronchoscopy is effective for inhaled foreign body removal with fewer complications.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Objectives: In this study, we investigated whether hematological indicators of anemia and systemi... more Objectives: In this study, we investigated whether hematological indicators of anemia and systemic inflammation at admission could be a prognostic indicator for hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the hematological and inflammatory parameters of 201 patients with COVID-19 were evaluated from June 2020 to October 2021. The associations of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lymphocyte-to-CRP (LCR) with disease severity and mortality were assessed. Moreover, the presence of autoantibodies in serum patients was analyzed using an indirect antiglobulin test (AIT).

Results: In comparison to non-ICU-admitted patients, results demonstrated that ICU patients had higher levels of CRP, NLR, PLR and a lower percentage of lymphocyte and LCR within 24 hours of admission, and all patients had negative indirect AIT. High levels of NLR, PLR, and low levels of LCR showed a significant risk for mortality in patients with COVID-19 with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.967 (95% CI, 1.061%, 3.645%; P=0.032), 1.026 (95% CI, 1.007%, 1.045%) and 1.001 (95% CI, 1.000%, 1.002%), respectively. Also, in ICU-admitted patients, low Hb combined with high RDW predicted mortality with HRs of 3.229 (95%CI, 1.637%, 6.366%) and 4.038 (95% CI, 1.824%, 8.937%, P=0.001), respectively.

Discussion: Altogether, the results of this study underline the potential prognostic value of NLR, PLR, LCR, and anemia in COVID-19 patients. However, the study results should be confirmed in a larger sample or prospective clinical study.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Objectives: Apoptosis or scheduled death is an active and reversible biological process that play... more Objectives: Apoptosis or scheduled death is an active and reversible biological process that plays a vital role in balancing cell growth and death in different tissues, particularly myocardial tissue in infarct patients. This research examined some of the apoptosis indices responses to an acute rehabilitation exercise (EX) and electrical stimulation (ES) in induced myocardial infarcted (MI) Wistar rats.

Methods: In this experimental case-control study, 55 induced-MI Wistar rats (8 weeks old, mean weight: 220±30 g) were randomly assigned into 5 groups: Healthy, EX, exercise+ES, only ES and control group. The infarction was induced 24 hours after the subcutaneous injection of 150 mg/kg of isoproterenol. The EX and exercise plus ES groups performed a session of endurance exercise on an animal treadmill at 20 m/min for 1 hour. The ES was delivered by foot shock, set with an intensity of 0.2-0.5 mA for 20 minutes. Immediately after the cessation of the treatment protocol, cytochrome-C (Cyt-C), caspase-3 (CASP3), and CASP8 levels were measured by the ELISA method. Data analysis was performed using a 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significance level was set at α=0.05.

Results: Two-way ANOVA showed that the intervention in the infarction samples caused significant changes in the marker serum levels (P=0.0001). However, the procedure did not show significant changes in serum Cyt-C levels (P<0.05). Also, significant differences were observed in serum CASP8 concentrations between the MI, MI+EX+ES (P=0.02), MI+ES, and MI+EX+ES (P=0.02) groups. In addition, acute sports rehabilitation causes a significant decrease in CASP3 concentration among MI+EX and MI+EX+ES groups (P=0.01).

Discussion: Exercise and ES decrease the serum levels of research CASP and reducing apoptosis favors the rehabilitation of MI samples.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Objectives: Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is an important angiographic entity, with no cle... more Objectives: Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is an important angiographic entity, with no clear-cut etiology. The effects of adiponectin (APN) and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) have been proven in microvascular disease pathophysiology, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to determine the correlation between APN and PON-1 and CSFP.

Methods: Subjects who were undergone coronary angiography and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. The study subjects were divided into the following groups: 40 subjects without coronary artery disease (CAD) and CSFP, 22 patients without CAD but with CSFP, 29 patients with CAD < 50% and without CSFP, 22 patients with CAD (50-90%) but without CSFP and 16 patients with CAD and CSFP. Coronary flow rates of the participants with slow flow diagnosis were determined by thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count method. The serum levels of APN and PON-1 were measured by ELISA kit.

Results: There were no significant differences between groups in serum levels of APN. No significant correlation was observed between APN serum concentration and corrected TIMI frame count (TFC) (r=0.17, P=0.29). The PON-1 serum concentration in patients with CAD (50-90%) and without CSFP was significantly lower than the other groups (P<0.01). There was a near significant correlation between PON-1 serum levels and corrected TFC in left anterior descending coronary artery (r=0.32, P=0.08).

Discussion: The present study has demonstrated no significant correlation between the serum concentration of APN and PON-1 and corrected TFC, so we need more extensive studies in this regard with larger sample size.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Objectives: The most frequent form of thyroid cancer (TC) is papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), w... more Objectives: The most frequent form of thyroid cancer (TC) is papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which has been significantly increasing worldwide. This study aimed to determine the relative frequency of various sonographic PTC findings in the West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the ultrasonic features of 67 patients with proven PTC, confirmed by pathology, were analyzed. The sonographic features were categorized into low-risk (hyperechoic echogenicity, macrocalcification, peripheral vascularity, puff appearance, spongy form nodule, comet tail shadowing) and high-risk (irregular margin, hypoechoic echogenicity, microcalcification, central vascularity, taller-than-wide shape, twinkling, two-lobe nodule, neck lymphadenopathy) PTC features.

Results: The frequency of hypoechoic echogenicity was higher in both genders (81.8% in males and 72.5% in females) and among three groups of ages (P=0.55). Microcalcification had a higher frequency in both genders (65.4 in males and 65.5 in females) and in two age groups of 20-45 and more than 45 years (68.3% and 66.7%, respectively) (P=0.4 and P=0.99, respectively). Central vascularity was more frequent in men (61.5%), and peripheral vascularity was more frequent among females (57.1%) and in two age groups of 20-45 and more than 45 years (68.3% and 66.7%, respectively) (P=0.41). Also, taller-than-wide shape had a high frequency in males (20%). Sponginess, puff appearance, and comet tail had the same frequency among the three age groups. In the age group under 20 years, peripheral incomplete halo had a high frequency (17.8%).

Discussion: The appearance of high-risk papillary carcinoma sonographic features is typical in PTC patients. Moreover, low-risk sonographic PTC features occur more often than expected in our patients. We can infer that the frequency of PTC ultrasonography features in the West Azerbaijan Province of Iran can be due to iodine deficiency due to being far from the sea and the lack of easy access to seafood.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Objectives: Scorpion stings are a major public health problem in many countries and several parts... more Objectives: Scorpion stings are a major public health problem in many countries and several parts of Iran, especially in Hormozgan Province. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and the effect of several variables on the prognosis of scorpion stings.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 606 patients admitted to Bandar Abbas Children’s Hospital, Bandar Abbas Port, Iran, from April 2014 to November 2017. We used a checklist to collect data about scorpionism.

Results: Of 606 people who participated in the survey, 55.1% were males and 44.9% were female. The scorpion sting cases mainly occurred in the summer (38.9%) and spring (29.9%). Also, 61.9% were from rural areas. In addition, 68.6% of stings were seen in exposed extremities, 30.9% happened in the morning, and 75% of patients were referred to the hospital after 3 hours.

Discussion: Hormozgan province is a significant economic area, and most scorpion sting cases occur in summer and spring. The development of medical knowledge and the availability of antivenom are essential indicators to control the outcome of scorpion stings.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

A fluoroscope is one of the medical equipment used in various medical specialties. X-rays are use... more A fluoroscope is one of the medical equipment used in various medical specialties. X-rays are used to create images in the fluoroscope. However, x-rays are among the types of ionizing radiation and can harm the human body. Therefore, compliance with radiation safety tips is essential for the health of physicians, personnel, and patients. Most of the radiation physicians receive is scattered from the patient, the bed, and the environment. The harmful effects of radiation can be reduced to a large extent by observing 3 main points: reducing the exposure time, increasing the distance to the source, and using fixed, mobile, and personal shielding. On the other hand, with the correct use of the fluoroscope, protection can also be increased. Also, with periodic dosimetry, the amount of radiation received by physicians and staff can be monitored, and radiation received above the permissible limit can be prevented. In the case of children and pregnant women, it is more important to observe safety tips against radiation.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Objectives: Today, the use of nanotechnology in medical practice is increasingly growing. One of ... more Objectives: Today, the use of nanotechnology in medical practice is increasingly growing. One of the practical aspects of nanomedicine is its use in breast cancer. Using text mining techniques, analysis of research in this field will help draw its thematic network and discover the main thematic areas under study.

Methods: This research was conducted using the text mining method in January 2022. The present study population consisted of scientific articles on breast cancer by researchers in the field of nanomedicine that have been published in scientific journals around the world, and their bibliographic information has been indexed in the Medline database. A total of 838 records were recovered in this research. Data analysis was done using VOSviewer software, version 1.6.17.

Results: Based on the thematic network obtained from the analysis of the titles and abstracts of the studied documents, concepts such as paclitaxel, patient, Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF), poly, imaging and toxicity are among the most widely used research topics in the field of nanomedicine in breast cancer internationally. The study of the thematic network at different periods shows changes in the concepts related to this field. “MCF,” “poly,” “imaging” and “toxicity” concepts were the most active subject areas in 2019-2021, but “paclitaxel” and “patients” concepts were the most active in 2015-2018.

Discussion: The textual analysis clearly shows that nanomedicine in breast cancer has become more of a treatment than a diagnosis, and in the near future, researchers will focus on the fundamental goals of breast cancer treatment and ways to deal with it.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immune-mediated disease associated with immune dy... more Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immune-mediated disease associated with immune dysregulation and autoantibody production. Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D has a protective effect against autoimmune diseases. As vitamin D deficiency has been identified in the majority of children with chronic ITP, this study evaluates the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the platelet count of such children. Methods: This was a quasi-clinical trial study and the study population consisted of children with chronic ITP who were referred to Afzalipur Hospital in Kerman City, Iran, from August 2020 to September 2021. All patients' vitamin D levels were measured and subjects with levels below 30 mg/dL were treated while the remaining children received the standard vitamin D supplementation. Subsequently, after a 3 and 9-month interval, patients' vitamin D levels and platelet counts were assessed. Results: As a result, the mean serum vitamin D level increased significantly from 21.34±5.87 mg/dL to 34.25±5.64 mg/dL throughout the study. The mean serum platelet count was 18085.71±1292.10 µL at the start of the trial, 26628.57±1727.72 µL after 3 months, and 32114.28±1127.77 µL after 9 months, which showed a significant increase. Discussion: In conclusion, vitamin D boosts platelet count in chronic ITP patients. Thus, all children with chronic ITP should be evaluated and treated for vitamin D insufficiency.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Teenage drug addiction is one of the most severe issues, leading to various physical, social, and... more Teenage drug addiction is one of the most severe issues, leading to various physical, social, and educational damage and consequences. The present study determines the effectiveness of emotional regulation training on quality of life (QoL), self-efficacy, and problem-solving skills in substance-dependent adolescents. Methods: This semi-experimental study utilized a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population was male adolescents who reported to addiction treatment centers of the Tehran Welfare Organization between November and February of 2018 in Tehran City, Iran. The statistical sample of the research consisted of 30 teenagers (aged 15 to 19 years) who were drug addicts. They were selected for treatment based on the stage of change screening. The present research data were collected using the World Health Organization (WHO) QoL (1996), self-efficacy (Schwartz and Jer Vasalem, 1983), and problem-solving skills (Hippner and Peterson, 1982) questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the repeated measure analysis of variance method via the SPSS software, version 22. Results: Emotional regulation training was effective in increasing the QoL (F=39.49, P<0.001), self-efficacy (F=136.80, P<0.001), and problem-solving skills (F=71.59, P<0.001) in substance-dependent adolescents. Discussion: Emotional regulation training is practical for the QoL, self-efficacy, and problemsolving skills of substance-dependent adolescents. This training can be used to reduce the psychological problems of substance-dependent adolescents.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Depressive disorder is the second biggest health problem worldwide regarding disability caused by... more Depressive disorder is the second biggest health problem worldwide regarding disability caused by the disease. It is necessary to identify factors influencing the occurrence of depression, especially in parents whose children have an underlying disease. Accordingly, this study investigates the prevalence of depression in parents of children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021-2022 via the available sampling method on 88 parents of children under 12 years old with CHD, confirmed by a pediatric cardiologist. The Beck questionnaire was used to record the level of depression. Analysis of quantitative data was done with the independent sample t-test and analysis of variance. Statistical analysis was performed in the SPSS software, version 26. Results: In this study, the mean age of the participants was 36.31±6.1 years, of which 59.1% were women. The result of the study showed that 51.1% of parents had children with CHD without depression, 22.7% had mild depression, 21.6% had moderate depression, and 4.5% had severe depression. Also, the findings of our study showed that the mean score of depression in people under 40 years old, in women, and in persons with a history of depression was significantly higher than in other people. However, the mean score of depression had no statistically significant difference based on the history of underlying disease, smoking, history of addiction, education, and type of CHD. Discussion: Depression in parents of children with CHD has a high prevalence, which requires increasing the mental healthcare of parents during the period of children's involvement, and with proper treatment improved the mental health of parents.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease, and the main topical treatment for this disease is cor... more Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease, and the main topical treatment for this disease is corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, salicylic acid, and calcineurin inhibitors. This study clinically evaluates a topical dosage form of methotrexate (MTX) micro-emulsion and compares it with clobetasol lotion. Methods: The employed methodology involves 20 patients with symmetric psoriasis. Topical MTX micro-emulsion (0.25%) was used on one side and clobetasol lotion (0.05%) on the other side. The psoriasis area and severity index score were used to evaluate the results in weeks 0, 4 and 8. Re sults: The average psoriasis improvement and psoriasis area and severity index score reduction using topical MTX micro-emulsion were 47.24%±10.1524% and 73.5%±6.34% at the end of the first and second months of treatment. The results using clobetasol lotion were 56.5%±8.08% and 73.4%±7.27% after the first and second months of treatment, respectively. There was a significant statistical difference between MTX micro-emulsion and clobetasol lotion after the first month of treatment (α=0.005); however, this difference was not significant after the second month (α=0.938). Discussion: The application of topical MTX micro-emulsion can be effective in improving psoriasis and is much safer compared to injectable forms.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with the formation of amyloid β pla... more Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with the formation of amyloid β plaques in the brain. This study investigates the effects of a resistance training course with sildenafil supplementation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B in the hippocampal tissue of rats with Alzheimer disease. Methods: A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups. Alzheimer induction was performed with β-amyloid peptides 1-14. Rats performed resistance training 5 sessions per week for six weeks. Sildenafil was injected intraperitoneally. Then, 72 h after the last training session, the hippocampus of the rats was extracted. The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and tropomyosin receptor kinase B mRNA (P≤0.001). Results: The results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed a significant difference between the control group and the experimental groups. Discussion: Training and sildenafil supplementation groups performed better in the Morris water maze cognitive test compared to other groups. Resistance training and sildenafil supplementation, by synergizing their effects, can increase tropomyosin receptor kinase B, the expression of neurotrophin genes, and hippocampal receptors; in addition, they are effective in the development of cognitive activity and memory.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common diseases worldwide, imposing a great bu... more Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common diseases worldwide, imposing a great burden on the community by its complications. This study evaluates microand macrovascular complications of T2DM and the associated factors in the south of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on T2DM patients referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas City, Iran, in 2018. Patients' age, sex, marital status, smoking status, diabetes medications, cardiovascular disease, and duration of T2DM were recorded. Weight, height, and blood pressure were measured and body mass index was calculated for every participant. Also, all patients were evaluated regarding diabetes complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Serum fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine levels as well as urinary albumin were also measured in the patients. Results: Of the 263 T2DM patients included in the current study with a mean age of 55.32±13.09 years, 109 (41.4%) were male. The most common T2DM complications were chronic kidney disease (CKD) (49.8%) and nephropathy (36.5%), followed by neuropathy (30.8%), retinopathy (19%) and ischemic heart disease (8.7%). Elevated systolic blood pressure was significantly correlated with the presence of all complications. Patients with ischemic heart disease, CKD, neuropathy, and retinopathy were significantly older than subjects without such complications. Diabetes was significantly more prolonged in patients with ischemic heart disease and CKD. Elevated FPG was only correlated with CKD (P=0.019) and nephropathy (P=0.003), while increased glycated hemoglobin and decreased high-density lipoprotein were significantly associated with retinopathy (P=0.050 and P=0.001, respectively). Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between elevated urinary albumin with retinopathy and neuropathy. Discussion: Diabetic kidney disease was the most common complication of T2DM in the current study. Increased systolic blood pressure is the most important risk factor for the development of diabetic complications.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Hydatid cysts are one of the most critical parasitic infections common to humans and animals and ... more Hydatid cysts are one of the most critical parasitic infections common to humans and animals and affect the health of communities. This study investigates the frequency distribution of hydatid cysts based on clinical and individual characteristics of patients referred to health centers in Kerman City, Iran, from 2011 to 2020. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, information was obtained from the medical records of 115 patients with hydatid cysts who were referred to hospitals and health centers during the years 2011-2020. Public and private clinics in Kerman City, Iran, were selected, and information on demography, and clinical and diagnostic approaches of patients were collected. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 22.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Pulmonary hydatidosis (PH) is a zoonotic illness caused by infection with the Echinococcus tapewo... more Pulmonary hydatidosis (PH) is a zoonotic illness caused by infection with the Echinococcus tapeworm species. About 20% of the infected individuals have lung involvement in this disease, which is epidemiologically secondary to liver disease. Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive literature search was performed via the Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. Search terms were "pulmonary hydatidosis," "lung hydatidosis," "Pulmonary echinococcosis," "lung echinococcosis," "Pulmonary hydatid cyst," and "Lung hydatid cyst." The search period of 1980 to 2022 was chosen to compare research from different eras. Results: Echinococcal cysts most frequently develop in the liver and then in the lungs. After a cyst ruptures, the symptoms of lung infestation can cause a quick onset of hemoptysis, fever, coughing, and chest discomfort. Serology is added to radiology to support the diagnosis. The primary investigation for a pulmonary hydatid cyst is a chest x-ray and computed tomography. Surgery or medical treatment may be used to treat PH. The most favored form of treatment is surgical intervention, while medications might be helpful in certain individuals, with benzimidazoles, such as albendazole, as the most common drugs administered orally as part of pharmacotherapy. Conclusion: Given the significant negative effects of PH on individuals, prevention should be emphasized, especially in endemic regions.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Ectopic pregnancy is the most common cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester of pregna... more Ectopic pregnancy is the most common cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester of pregnancy. The use of progesterone-containing contraceptives is a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy. This study reports a rare case of ectopic pregnancy following a depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injection that was managed conservatively. Case Presentation: A 36-year-old woman (gravida 2) was referred to the Gynecology Clinic of the Persian Gulf Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran with a history of amenorrhea, vague pelvic pain, and no past medical history, except for DMPA injection, three months before the symptoms. Ectopic pregnancy was determined based on ultrasonography and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (BHCG) evaluation. The patient was managed conservatively with serial ultrasonography and BHCG titration due to normal laboratory tests, stable clinical status, and a decline in BHCG titration. Conclusion: Amenorrhea and pelvic pain in all women of childbearing age should be considered an alarming sign of ectopic pregnancy. In case of stable hemodynamic status, the patient can be conservatively managed with serial trans-vaginal ultrasonography and evaluation of serum BHCG till the resolution of symptoms.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

This study compares patients' satisfaction with patient-controlled analgesia versus intrathecal o... more This study compares patients' satisfaction with patient-controlled analgesia versus intrathecal opioid injection after cesarean section in Shariati and Khalij Fars hospitals in Bandar Abbas City, Iran, from 2016 to 2017. Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial included 60 women with term pregnancies scheduled for elective cesarean section in Shariati and Khalij Fars hospitals in Bandar Abbas City, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. The patients were randomized into two groups: One group received patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), and the other group received intrathecal opioid injection. A numerical rating scale was used to assess pain and patient satisfaction. The patients also reported nausea, vomiting, and pruritus. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 25. Results: Nausea and or vomiting did not differ significantly between the groups (P=0.46). The highest frequency of pruritus was observed in the PCA group at 1 (P=0.44), 4 (P=1.00), and 24 (P=0.24) h after surgery. Patient satisfaction was higher in the intrathecal opioid group (9.23±1.22) compared to the PCA group (8.84±1.22); however, the difference between groups was not statistically significant (P=0.08). Discussion: The results of the current study showed that despite the novelty of PCA, this method is not superior to conventional methods such as intrathecal opioid injection for pain relief. Also, patient satisfaction was lower with PCA compared to intrathecal opioids.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Given the spread of azole resistance in Candida albicans (C. albicans), searching for new potent ... more Given the spread of azole resistance in Candida albicans (C. albicans), searching for new potent compounds, such as spirocyclopropane-oxindole derivatives is important. This study evaluates the antifungal susceptibility of spirocyclopropane-oxindole derivatives on clinical isolates of C. albicans. Methods: Antifungal susceptibility of 50 clinical isolates of C. albicans to spirocyclopropaneoxindole derivatives (4a, 4b, and 4c), nystatin, and fluconazole were evaluated according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (M27-S4) guidelines. The medicinal dilution range of the compounds, fluconazole, and nystatin was 0.256 to 128, 0.128 to 64, and 0.032 to 16 μg/mL, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was defined as the concentration that caused at least 50% growth inhibition compared to the positive control. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 20. The significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results: There was a significant difference between the MIC values of spirocyclopropaneoxindole derivatives (4a, 4b, and 4c), nystatin, and fluconazole against C. albicans. The comparison of the MICs of the spirocyclopropane-oxindole derivatives (4a, 4b, and 4c) against C. albicans showed that derivative 4a had a lower MIC 50 (8 μg/mL), MIC 90 (16 μg/mL), and Geometric (G) Mean (10.126) than derivatives 4b (MIC 50 =64, MIC 90 =128, G Mean=76.638), and 4c (MIC 50 =64, MIC 90 =128, G Mean=60.547). Discussion: Antifungal effects of spirocyclopropane-oxindole derivatives (4a, 4b, and 4c) on C. albicans isolates were significantly less than nystatin and fluconazole. Therefore, with structural changes, the antifungal effects of these compounds will increase.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an atherosclerotic disease that is a major cause of mortality wo... more Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an atherosclerotic disease that is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Bilirubin has been considered an antioxidant that protects patients against atherosclerosis. Therefore, the present study examines the relationship between serum bilirubin levels with CAD. Methods: In this cross-sectional, analytical study, the patients with suspected CAD were electively scheduled for angiography. Their blood samples were measured for total, direct, and indirect bilirubin levels. Following angiography, comparisons were made between the two groups of CAD and non-CAD subjects. Results: Of 140 studied patients, 73(52.1%) were male and 67(47.9%) were female. The mean age of subjects was 55.32±10.71 years which was statistically significantly significant (P˂0.001). The mean total, direct, and indirect bilirubin levels between the groups were 0.74±0.57 (P=0.79), 0.22±0.07 (P=0.77), and 0.48±0.45 (P=0.77) mg/dL, respectively, which were not significant. The mean total (0.77±0.57 vs 0.71±0.57) and indirect bilirubin levels (0.53±0.53 vs 0.44±0.35) were higher in men than women and mean direct bilirubin was similar between men and women (0.23±0.07 vs 0.22±0.07). There was a statistically significant relationship between male and female groups in total and indirect bilirubin (P=0.05). Discussion: No significant relationship was found between bilirubin levels and CAD either in terms of protective or aggravating role.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Objectives: Foreign body aspirations (FBAs) comprise the majority of accidental childhood deaths.... more Objectives: Foreign body aspirations (FBAs) comprise the majority of accidental childhood deaths. The present study aimed to investigate the location and types of aspirated foreign bodies in hospitalized patients’ airways.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the medical records of all consecutive patients with a primary diagnosis of FBA were reviewed retrospectively from 2019 to 2022. We extracted demographic profile (age and gender), type of aspirated foreign body, clinical manifestation at the time of presentation, clinical signs according to physical examination, and the time duration between presentation to hospital and removal of aspirated foreign body.

Results: Of 101 patients, 65 were male, and most were under 4 years old. Nuts (53.5%) and organic bits (30.7%) were the most common aspirated foreign bodies. The bronchus (69.4%) was the most common location of aspirated foreign bodies. Most of the organic pieces (96.8%) and nuts (87%) were seen in the age group below 4 years old and also most of the cases of plastic pieces were related to children aged 4 to 18 years (P<0.001). Cough and shortness of breath (68.3%) were the most common clinical complaints. Most patients with FBA in the trachea (65%) and bronchus (74%) had a normal clinical examination and a significant difference was observed between the clinical signs and location of the foreign body (P<0.001). Fifty-four patients (53.5%) underwent foreign body intervention and removal less than 24 hours after aspiration.

Discussion: A high frequency of FBA in children, especially in infants and toddlers, is due to starting feeding. It is very important to consider the differences in the types and locations of the aspirated object. Therefore, early rigid bronchoscopy is effective for inhaled foreign body removal with fewer complications.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Objectives: In this study, we investigated whether hematological indicators of anemia and systemi... more Objectives: In this study, we investigated whether hematological indicators of anemia and systemic inflammation at admission could be a prognostic indicator for hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the hematological and inflammatory parameters of 201 patients with COVID-19 were evaluated from June 2020 to October 2021. The associations of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lymphocyte-to-CRP (LCR) with disease severity and mortality were assessed. Moreover, the presence of autoantibodies in serum patients was analyzed using an indirect antiglobulin test (AIT).

Results: In comparison to non-ICU-admitted patients, results demonstrated that ICU patients had higher levels of CRP, NLR, PLR and a lower percentage of lymphocyte and LCR within 24 hours of admission, and all patients had negative indirect AIT. High levels of NLR, PLR, and low levels of LCR showed a significant risk for mortality in patients with COVID-19 with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.967 (95% CI, 1.061%, 3.645%; P=0.032), 1.026 (95% CI, 1.007%, 1.045%) and 1.001 (95% CI, 1.000%, 1.002%), respectively. Also, in ICU-admitted patients, low Hb combined with high RDW predicted mortality with HRs of 3.229 (95%CI, 1.637%, 6.366%) and 4.038 (95% CI, 1.824%, 8.937%, P=0.001), respectively.

Discussion: Altogether, the results of this study underline the potential prognostic value of NLR, PLR, LCR, and anemia in COVID-19 patients. However, the study results should be confirmed in a larger sample or prospective clinical study.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Objectives: Apoptosis or scheduled death is an active and reversible biological process that play... more Objectives: Apoptosis or scheduled death is an active and reversible biological process that plays a vital role in balancing cell growth and death in different tissues, particularly myocardial tissue in infarct patients. This research examined some of the apoptosis indices responses to an acute rehabilitation exercise (EX) and electrical stimulation (ES) in induced myocardial infarcted (MI) Wistar rats.

Methods: In this experimental case-control study, 55 induced-MI Wistar rats (8 weeks old, mean weight: 220±30 g) were randomly assigned into 5 groups: Healthy, EX, exercise+ES, only ES and control group. The infarction was induced 24 hours after the subcutaneous injection of 150 mg/kg of isoproterenol. The EX and exercise plus ES groups performed a session of endurance exercise on an animal treadmill at 20 m/min for 1 hour. The ES was delivered by foot shock, set with an intensity of 0.2-0.5 mA for 20 minutes. Immediately after the cessation of the treatment protocol, cytochrome-C (Cyt-C), caspase-3 (CASP3), and CASP8 levels were measured by the ELISA method. Data analysis was performed using a 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significance level was set at α=0.05.

Results: Two-way ANOVA showed that the intervention in the infarction samples caused significant changes in the marker serum levels (P=0.0001). However, the procedure did not show significant changes in serum Cyt-C levels (P<0.05). Also, significant differences were observed in serum CASP8 concentrations between the MI, MI+EX+ES (P=0.02), MI+ES, and MI+EX+ES (P=0.02) groups. In addition, acute sports rehabilitation causes a significant decrease in CASP3 concentration among MI+EX and MI+EX+ES groups (P=0.01).

Discussion: Exercise and ES decrease the serum levels of research CASP and reducing apoptosis favors the rehabilitation of MI samples.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Objectives: Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is an important angiographic entity, with no cle... more Objectives: Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is an important angiographic entity, with no clear-cut etiology. The effects of adiponectin (APN) and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) have been proven in microvascular disease pathophysiology, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. The present study aimed to determine the correlation between APN and PON-1 and CSFP.

Methods: Subjects who were undergone coronary angiography and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. The study subjects were divided into the following groups: 40 subjects without coronary artery disease (CAD) and CSFP, 22 patients without CAD but with CSFP, 29 patients with CAD < 50% and without CSFP, 22 patients with CAD (50-90%) but without CSFP and 16 patients with CAD and CSFP. Coronary flow rates of the participants with slow flow diagnosis were determined by thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count method. The serum levels of APN and PON-1 were measured by ELISA kit.

Results: There were no significant differences between groups in serum levels of APN. No significant correlation was observed between APN serum concentration and corrected TIMI frame count (TFC) (r=0.17, P=0.29). The PON-1 serum concentration in patients with CAD (50-90%) and without CSFP was significantly lower than the other groups (P<0.01). There was a near significant correlation between PON-1 serum levels and corrected TFC in left anterior descending coronary artery (r=0.32, P=0.08).

Discussion: The present study has demonstrated no significant correlation between the serum concentration of APN and PON-1 and corrected TFC, so we need more extensive studies in this regard with larger sample size.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Objectives: The most frequent form of thyroid cancer (TC) is papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), w... more Objectives: The most frequent form of thyroid cancer (TC) is papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which has been significantly increasing worldwide. This study aimed to determine the relative frequency of various sonographic PTC findings in the West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the ultrasonic features of 67 patients with proven PTC, confirmed by pathology, were analyzed. The sonographic features were categorized into low-risk (hyperechoic echogenicity, macrocalcification, peripheral vascularity, puff appearance, spongy form nodule, comet tail shadowing) and high-risk (irregular margin, hypoechoic echogenicity, microcalcification, central vascularity, taller-than-wide shape, twinkling, two-lobe nodule, neck lymphadenopathy) PTC features.

Results: The frequency of hypoechoic echogenicity was higher in both genders (81.8% in males and 72.5% in females) and among three groups of ages (P=0.55). Microcalcification had a higher frequency in both genders (65.4 in males and 65.5 in females) and in two age groups of 20-45 and more than 45 years (68.3% and 66.7%, respectively) (P=0.4 and P=0.99, respectively). Central vascularity was more frequent in men (61.5%), and peripheral vascularity was more frequent among females (57.1%) and in two age groups of 20-45 and more than 45 years (68.3% and 66.7%, respectively) (P=0.41). Also, taller-than-wide shape had a high frequency in males (20%). Sponginess, puff appearance, and comet tail had the same frequency among the three age groups. In the age group under 20 years, peripheral incomplete halo had a high frequency (17.8%).

Discussion: The appearance of high-risk papillary carcinoma sonographic features is typical in PTC patients. Moreover, low-risk sonographic PTC features occur more often than expected in our patients. We can infer that the frequency of PTC ultrasonography features in the West Azerbaijan Province of Iran can be due to iodine deficiency due to being far from the sea and the lack of easy access to seafood.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Objectives: Scorpion stings are a major public health problem in many countries and several parts... more Objectives: Scorpion stings are a major public health problem in many countries and several parts of Iran, especially in Hormozgan Province. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and the effect of several variables on the prognosis of scorpion stings.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 606 patients admitted to Bandar Abbas Children’s Hospital, Bandar Abbas Port, Iran, from April 2014 to November 2017. We used a checklist to collect data about scorpionism.

Results: Of 606 people who participated in the survey, 55.1% were males and 44.9% were female. The scorpion sting cases mainly occurred in the summer (38.9%) and spring (29.9%). Also, 61.9% were from rural areas. In addition, 68.6% of stings were seen in exposed extremities, 30.9% happened in the morning, and 75% of patients were referred to the hospital after 3 hours.

Discussion: Hormozgan province is a significant economic area, and most scorpion sting cases occur in summer and spring. The development of medical knowledge and the availability of antivenom are essential indicators to control the outcome of scorpion stings.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

A fluoroscope is one of the medical equipment used in various medical specialties. X-rays are use... more A fluoroscope is one of the medical equipment used in various medical specialties. X-rays are used to create images in the fluoroscope. However, x-rays are among the types of ionizing radiation and can harm the human body. Therefore, compliance with radiation safety tips is essential for the health of physicians, personnel, and patients. Most of the radiation physicians receive is scattered from the patient, the bed, and the environment. The harmful effects of radiation can be reduced to a large extent by observing 3 main points: reducing the exposure time, increasing the distance to the source, and using fixed, mobile, and personal shielding. On the other hand, with the correct use of the fluoroscope, protection can also be increased. Also, with periodic dosimetry, the amount of radiation received by physicians and staff can be monitored, and radiation received above the permissible limit can be prevented. In the case of children and pregnant women, it is more important to observe safety tips against radiation.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Objectives: Today, the use of nanotechnology in medical practice is increasingly growing. One of ... more Objectives: Today, the use of nanotechnology in medical practice is increasingly growing. One of the practical aspects of nanomedicine is its use in breast cancer. Using text mining techniques, analysis of research in this field will help draw its thematic network and discover the main thematic areas under study.

Methods: This research was conducted using the text mining method in January 2022. The present study population consisted of scientific articles on breast cancer by researchers in the field of nanomedicine that have been published in scientific journals around the world, and their bibliographic information has been indexed in the Medline database. A total of 838 records were recovered in this research. Data analysis was done using VOSviewer software, version 1.6.17.

Results: Based on the thematic network obtained from the analysis of the titles and abstracts of the studied documents, concepts such as paclitaxel, patient, Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF), poly, imaging and toxicity are among the most widely used research topics in the field of nanomedicine in breast cancer internationally. The study of the thematic network at different periods shows changes in the concepts related to this field. “MCF,” “poly,” “imaging” and “toxicity” concepts were the most active subject areas in 2019-2021, but “paclitaxel” and “patients” concepts were the most active in 2015-2018.

Discussion: The textual analysis clearly shows that nanomedicine in breast cancer has become more of a treatment than a diagnosis, and in the near future, researchers will focus on the fundamental goals of breast cancer treatment and ways to deal with it.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immune-mediated disease associated with immune dy... more Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immune-mediated disease associated with immune dysregulation and autoantibody production. Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D has a protective effect against autoimmune diseases. As vitamin D deficiency has been identified in the majority of children with chronic ITP, this study evaluates the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the platelet count of such children. Methods: This was a quasi-clinical trial study and the study population consisted of children with chronic ITP who were referred to Afzalipur Hospital in Kerman City, Iran, from August 2020 to September 2021. All patients' vitamin D levels were measured and subjects with levels below 30 mg/dL were treated while the remaining children received the standard vitamin D supplementation. Subsequently, after a 3 and 9-month interval, patients' vitamin D levels and platelet counts were assessed. Results: As a result, the mean serum vitamin D level increased significantly from 21.34±5.87 mg/dL to 34.25±5.64 mg/dL throughout the study. The mean serum platelet count was 18085.71±1292.10 µL at the start of the trial, 26628.57±1727.72 µL after 3 months, and 32114.28±1127.77 µL after 9 months, which showed a significant increase. Discussion: In conclusion, vitamin D boosts platelet count in chronic ITP patients. Thus, all children with chronic ITP should be evaluated and treated for vitamin D insufficiency.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Teenage drug addiction is one of the most severe issues, leading to various physical, social, and... more Teenage drug addiction is one of the most severe issues, leading to various physical, social, and educational damage and consequences. The present study determines the effectiveness of emotional regulation training on quality of life (QoL), self-efficacy, and problem-solving skills in substance-dependent adolescents. Methods: This semi-experimental study utilized a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population was male adolescents who reported to addiction treatment centers of the Tehran Welfare Organization between November and February of 2018 in Tehran City, Iran. The statistical sample of the research consisted of 30 teenagers (aged 15 to 19 years) who were drug addicts. They were selected for treatment based on the stage of change screening. The present research data were collected using the World Health Organization (WHO) QoL (1996), self-efficacy (Schwartz and Jer Vasalem, 1983), and problem-solving skills (Hippner and Peterson, 1982) questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the repeated measure analysis of variance method via the SPSS software, version 22. Results: Emotional regulation training was effective in increasing the QoL (F=39.49, P<0.001), self-efficacy (F=136.80, P<0.001), and problem-solving skills (F=71.59, P<0.001) in substance-dependent adolescents. Discussion: Emotional regulation training is practical for the QoL, self-efficacy, and problemsolving skills of substance-dependent adolescents. This training can be used to reduce the psychological problems of substance-dependent adolescents.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Depressive disorder is the second biggest health problem worldwide regarding disability caused by... more Depressive disorder is the second biggest health problem worldwide regarding disability caused by the disease. It is necessary to identify factors influencing the occurrence of depression, especially in parents whose children have an underlying disease. Accordingly, this study investigates the prevalence of depression in parents of children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021-2022 via the available sampling method on 88 parents of children under 12 years old with CHD, confirmed by a pediatric cardiologist. The Beck questionnaire was used to record the level of depression. Analysis of quantitative data was done with the independent sample t-test and analysis of variance. Statistical analysis was performed in the SPSS software, version 26. Results: In this study, the mean age of the participants was 36.31±6.1 years, of which 59.1% were women. The result of the study showed that 51.1% of parents had children with CHD without depression, 22.7% had mild depression, 21.6% had moderate depression, and 4.5% had severe depression. Also, the findings of our study showed that the mean score of depression in people under 40 years old, in women, and in persons with a history of depression was significantly higher than in other people. However, the mean score of depression had no statistically significant difference based on the history of underlying disease, smoking, history of addiction, education, and type of CHD. Discussion: Depression in parents of children with CHD has a high prevalence, which requires increasing the mental healthcare of parents during the period of children's involvement, and with proper treatment improved the mental health of parents.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease, and the main topical treatment for this disease is cor... more Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease, and the main topical treatment for this disease is corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, salicylic acid, and calcineurin inhibitors. This study clinically evaluates a topical dosage form of methotrexate (MTX) micro-emulsion and compares it with clobetasol lotion. Methods: The employed methodology involves 20 patients with symmetric psoriasis. Topical MTX micro-emulsion (0.25%) was used on one side and clobetasol lotion (0.05%) on the other side. The psoriasis area and severity index score were used to evaluate the results in weeks 0, 4 and 8. Re sults: The average psoriasis improvement and psoriasis area and severity index score reduction using topical MTX micro-emulsion were 47.24%±10.1524% and 73.5%±6.34% at the end of the first and second months of treatment. The results using clobetasol lotion were 56.5%±8.08% and 73.4%±7.27% after the first and second months of treatment, respectively. There was a significant statistical difference between MTX micro-emulsion and clobetasol lotion after the first month of treatment (α=0.005); however, this difference was not significant after the second month (α=0.938). Discussion: The application of topical MTX micro-emulsion can be effective in improving psoriasis and is much safer compared to injectable forms.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with the formation of amyloid β pla... more Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with the formation of amyloid β plaques in the brain. This study investigates the effects of a resistance training course with sildenafil supplementation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B in the hippocampal tissue of rats with Alzheimer disease. Methods: A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups. Alzheimer induction was performed with β-amyloid peptides 1-14. Rats performed resistance training 5 sessions per week for six weeks. Sildenafil was injected intraperitoneally. Then, 72 h after the last training session, the hippocampus of the rats was extracted. The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and tropomyosin receptor kinase B mRNA (P≤0.001). Results: The results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed a significant difference between the control group and the experimental groups. Discussion: Training and sildenafil supplementation groups performed better in the Morris water maze cognitive test compared to other groups. Resistance training and sildenafil supplementation, by synergizing their effects, can increase tropomyosin receptor kinase B, the expression of neurotrophin genes, and hippocampal receptors; in addition, they are effective in the development of cognitive activity and memory.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common diseases worldwide, imposing a great bu... more Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common diseases worldwide, imposing a great burden on the community by its complications. This study evaluates microand macrovascular complications of T2DM and the associated factors in the south of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on T2DM patients referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas City, Iran, in 2018. Patients' age, sex, marital status, smoking status, diabetes medications, cardiovascular disease, and duration of T2DM were recorded. Weight, height, and blood pressure were measured and body mass index was calculated for every participant. Also, all patients were evaluated regarding diabetes complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Serum fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine levels as well as urinary albumin were also measured in the patients. Results: Of the 263 T2DM patients included in the current study with a mean age of 55.32±13.09 years, 109 (41.4%) were male. The most common T2DM complications were chronic kidney disease (CKD) (49.8%) and nephropathy (36.5%), followed by neuropathy (30.8%), retinopathy (19%) and ischemic heart disease (8.7%). Elevated systolic blood pressure was significantly correlated with the presence of all complications. Patients with ischemic heart disease, CKD, neuropathy, and retinopathy were significantly older than subjects without such complications. Diabetes was significantly more prolonged in patients with ischemic heart disease and CKD. Elevated FPG was only correlated with CKD (P=0.019) and nephropathy (P=0.003), while increased glycated hemoglobin and decreased high-density lipoprotein were significantly associated with retinopathy (P=0.050 and P=0.001, respectively). Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between elevated urinary albumin with retinopathy and neuropathy. Discussion: Diabetic kidney disease was the most common complication of T2DM in the current study. Increased systolic blood pressure is the most important risk factor for the development of diabetic complications.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Hydatid cysts are one of the most critical parasitic infections common to humans and animals and ... more Hydatid cysts are one of the most critical parasitic infections common to humans and animals and affect the health of communities. This study investigates the frequency distribution of hydatid cysts based on clinical and individual characteristics of patients referred to health centers in Kerman City, Iran, from 2011 to 2020. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, information was obtained from the medical records of 115 patients with hydatid cysts who were referred to hospitals and health centers during the years 2011-2020. Public and private clinics in Kerman City, Iran, were selected, and information on demography, and clinical and diagnostic approaches of patients were collected. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 22.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Pulmonary hydatidosis (PH) is a zoonotic illness caused by infection with the Echinococcus tapewo... more Pulmonary hydatidosis (PH) is a zoonotic illness caused by infection with the Echinococcus tapeworm species. About 20% of the infected individuals have lung involvement in this disease, which is epidemiologically secondary to liver disease. Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive literature search was performed via the Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. Search terms were "pulmonary hydatidosis," "lung hydatidosis," "Pulmonary echinococcosis," "lung echinococcosis," "Pulmonary hydatid cyst," and "Lung hydatid cyst." The search period of 1980 to 2022 was chosen to compare research from different eras. Results: Echinococcal cysts most frequently develop in the liver and then in the lungs. After a cyst ruptures, the symptoms of lung infestation can cause a quick onset of hemoptysis, fever, coughing, and chest discomfort. Serology is added to radiology to support the diagnosis. The primary investigation for a pulmonary hydatid cyst is a chest x-ray and computed tomography. Surgery or medical treatment may be used to treat PH. The most favored form of treatment is surgical intervention, while medications might be helpful in certain individuals, with benzimidazoles, such as albendazole, as the most common drugs administered orally as part of pharmacotherapy. Conclusion: Given the significant negative effects of PH on individuals, prevention should be emphasized, especially in endemic regions.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Ectopic pregnancy is the most common cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester of pregna... more Ectopic pregnancy is the most common cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester of pregnancy. The use of progesterone-containing contraceptives is a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy. This study reports a rare case of ectopic pregnancy following a depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injection that was managed conservatively. Case Presentation: A 36-year-old woman (gravida 2) was referred to the Gynecology Clinic of the Persian Gulf Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran with a history of amenorrhea, vague pelvic pain, and no past medical history, except for DMPA injection, three months before the symptoms. Ectopic pregnancy was determined based on ultrasonography and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (BHCG) evaluation. The patient was managed conservatively with serial ultrasonography and BHCG titration due to normal laboratory tests, stable clinical status, and a decline in BHCG titration. Conclusion: Amenorrhea and pelvic pain in all women of childbearing age should be considered an alarming sign of ectopic pregnancy. In case of stable hemodynamic status, the patient can be conservatively managed with serial trans-vaginal ultrasonography and evaluation of serum BHCG till the resolution of symptoms.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

This study compares patients' satisfaction with patient-controlled analgesia versus intrathecal o... more This study compares patients' satisfaction with patient-controlled analgesia versus intrathecal opioid injection after cesarean section in Shariati and Khalij Fars hospitals in Bandar Abbas City, Iran, from 2016 to 2017. Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial included 60 women with term pregnancies scheduled for elective cesarean section in Shariati and Khalij Fars hospitals in Bandar Abbas City, Iran, from 2017 to 2018. The patients were randomized into two groups: One group received patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), and the other group received intrathecal opioid injection. A numerical rating scale was used to assess pain and patient satisfaction. The patients also reported nausea, vomiting, and pruritus. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 25. Results: Nausea and or vomiting did not differ significantly between the groups (P=0.46). The highest frequency of pruritus was observed in the PCA group at 1 (P=0.44), 4 (P=1.00), and 24 (P=0.24) h after surgery. Patient satisfaction was higher in the intrathecal opioid group (9.23±1.22) compared to the PCA group (8.84±1.22); however, the difference between groups was not statistically significant (P=0.08). Discussion: The results of the current study showed that despite the novelty of PCA, this method is not superior to conventional methods such as intrathecal opioid injection for pain relief. Also, patient satisfaction was lower with PCA compared to intrathecal opioids.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Given the spread of azole resistance in Candida albicans (C. albicans), searching for new potent ... more Given the spread of azole resistance in Candida albicans (C. albicans), searching for new potent compounds, such as spirocyclopropane-oxindole derivatives is important. This study evaluates the antifungal susceptibility of spirocyclopropane-oxindole derivatives on clinical isolates of C. albicans. Methods: Antifungal susceptibility of 50 clinical isolates of C. albicans to spirocyclopropaneoxindole derivatives (4a, 4b, and 4c), nystatin, and fluconazole were evaluated according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (M27-S4) guidelines. The medicinal dilution range of the compounds, fluconazole, and nystatin was 0.256 to 128, 0.128 to 64, and 0.032 to 16 μg/mL, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was defined as the concentration that caused at least 50% growth inhibition compared to the positive control. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 20. The significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results: There was a significant difference between the MIC values of spirocyclopropaneoxindole derivatives (4a, 4b, and 4c), nystatin, and fluconazole against C. albicans. The comparison of the MICs of the spirocyclopropane-oxindole derivatives (4a, 4b, and 4c) against C. albicans showed that derivative 4a had a lower MIC 50 (8 μg/mL), MIC 90 (16 μg/mL), and Geometric (G) Mean (10.126) than derivatives 4b (MIC 50 =64, MIC 90 =128, G Mean=76.638), and 4c (MIC 50 =64, MIC 90 =128, G Mean=60.547). Discussion: Antifungal effects of spirocyclopropane-oxindole derivatives (4a, 4b, and 4c) on C. albicans isolates were significantly less than nystatin and fluconazole. Therefore, with structural changes, the antifungal effects of these compounds will increase.

Hormozgan Medical Journal (HMJ), 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an atherosclerotic disease that is a major cause of mortality wo... more Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an atherosclerotic disease that is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Bilirubin has been considered an antioxidant that protects patients against atherosclerosis. Therefore, the present study examines the relationship between serum bilirubin levels with CAD. Methods: In this cross-sectional, analytical study, the patients with suspected CAD were electively scheduled for angiography. Their blood samples were measured for total, direct, and indirect bilirubin levels. Following angiography, comparisons were made between the two groups of CAD and non-CAD subjects. Results: Of 140 studied patients, 73(52.1%) were male and 67(47.9%) were female. The mean age of subjects was 55.32±10.71 years which was statistically significantly significant (P˂0.001). The mean total, direct, and indirect bilirubin levels between the groups were 0.74±0.57 (P=0.79), 0.22±0.07 (P=0.77), and 0.48±0.45 (P=0.77) mg/dL, respectively, which were not significant. The mean total (0.77±0.57 vs 0.71±0.57) and indirect bilirubin levels (0.53±0.53 vs 0.44±0.35) were higher in men than women and mean direct bilirubin was similar between men and women (0.23±0.07 vs 0.22±0.07). There was a statistically significant relationship between male and female groups in total and indirect bilirubin (P=0.05). Discussion: No significant relationship was found between bilirubin levels and CAD either in terms of protective or aggravating role.