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Papers by Hossein Raghfar
Social Welfare Quarterly, Aug 10, 2021
Majlis and Rahbord, Jun 22, 2017
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Mar 24, 2016
Journal of Economic Research and Policies, Jan 15, 2016
Social Welfare Quarterly, Mar 10, 2010
... (C. Ramey & S. Ramey, 1990) . Page 4. . . . (Ayoub, et al., 2009) . (Brooks, Gunn & D... more ... (C. Ramey & S. Ramey, 1990) . Page 4. . . . (Ayoub, et al., 2009) . (Brooks, Gunn & Duncan, 1997) . (Ayoub, et al., 2009) . . (Jensen & Richter, 2001) . . (Behrman, 2000) . (Duncan, et al., 1994) . (Burnett & Farkas, 2009) . (Korenman, Miller & Sjaastad, 1995) Page 5. ... . ...
This paper was aimed to investigate the mixed empirical results on the effect of health insurance... more This paper was aimed to investigate the mixed empirical results on the effect of health insurance in reducing the risk of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). We investigated a wide range of factors affecting the risk of CHE among patients admitted to hospitals in Tehran. We categorized hospitals into five groups from private hospitals to charity ones. The data used herein was extracted from the second round of Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool. Determinants of CHE were identified using logistic regression. We found that the significant effect of insurance on aggregate data was solely determined by its effect on reducing the risk of CHE in social security organization hospitals. Insured people by this organization allocate a higher proportion of their salaries to the health insurance and are admitted to the organizational hospitals free of charge. This finding shows the bias inherited in the aggregation and provides support for full prepayments mechanisms. Our findings suggest that CHE is related to the chosen hospitals by individuals, which, in turn, needs to be based on individuals' health insurance and socioeconomic conditions.
Social Welfare Quarterly, Jul 15, 2012
Journal of Research and Rural Planning, Aug 1, 2019
Purpose-With increasing governmental revenue and budgets, their responsibility for community deve... more Purpose-With increasing governmental revenue and budgets, their responsibility for community development and growth has increased. The first step to policy-making in order to attain the desired welfare levels is identify and measure the related indicators such as poverty in the best possible way. In Iran, most of conducted poverty surveys due to the lack of panel data cannot decompose households to transient and chronic poverty group. In this situation, the Synthetic panel data is a useful and new approach to estimates of poverty mobility in countries with only cross-sectional statistics. Therefore, based on this method we calculated the poverty dynamic of rural areas in Iran. Design/methodology/approach-The present study, initially calculates the absolute poverty line of rural areas in Iran in 2012, 2015 and 2016, and then calculates the status of mobility of poverty during those years based on Synthetic panel data approach. Finding-The results of the estimation of probability functions for studying poverty dynamics indicated that in rural areas of Iran there was a kind of state dependence in poverty. According to the results, there is a dependency state in the rural poverty situation, where more than 86% of the households who were poor in 2016 were also poor (non-poor) during the first period (2012 or 2015) and only with the probability of less than 14% of the poor (non-poor) households during the past years was in the non-poor (poor) state. Key word-Poverty measurement, Dynamic poverty, Synthetic panel data, Rural areas, Iran. Paper type-Scientific & Research.
Hakim Research Journal, Jul 10, 2013
Introduction: Health status of societies is amongst the basic in dices of economic and social dev... more Introduction: Health status of societies is amongst the basic in dices of economic and social development and hence investment in this section ha s direct impacts on social welfare and economic gro wth. Low quality of health care and inequality in health care expenditure contributions can lead to differe nt forms of social and economic consequences. This is the ma in concern of the public policy makers, in particul ar those who are engaged with health care services. Th e main purpose of this study was to measure inequal ity in health care expenditures in rural and urban area s of Iran. In order to compare the results of the c ountry's 5year economic and social plans, we measured the ine quality in the first years of the plans. Methods: In this study, Gini coefficient, concentration inde x, Kakwani and Atkinson indices were used to measure inequality in health care expenditures in u rban and rural areas of Iran for the selected years . We used the household expenditure survey data collecte d by the Iran Statistical Center. Results: The results of the study showed that concentration of health expenditures for urban, rural and the whole households of the country had small fluctuati ons and few changes were made during the study peri od. Calculation of the total national health expenditur es showed that Kakwani index was positive during th e mentioned period. Based on the calculations of the Atkinson index, inequality did not improve during p eriod of the study. Conclusion: Health care inequality scores were relatively high and there were volatility in inequality figures. This fluctuation indicates that health pol icy could not have effective influence on health ca re expenditures inequality. Increasing inequality is d ue to the relatively high inflation plagued the soc iety and regional discrepancy in access to the services.
Social Welfare Quarterly, Apr 10, 2007
Majlis and Rahbord, Jan 21, 2020
Pizhūhishʹhā va sīyāsatʹhā-yi iqtiṣādī, Jun 1, 2020
Majlis and Rahbord, Oct 23, 2015
Social Welfare Quarterly, Oct 10, 2010
Iranian National Tax Administration, Sep 15, 2014
Social Welfare Quarterly, Aug 10, 2021
Majlis and Rahbord, Jun 22, 2017
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Mar 24, 2016
Journal of Economic Research and Policies, Jan 15, 2016
Social Welfare Quarterly, Mar 10, 2010
... (C. Ramey & S. Ramey, 1990) . Page 4. . . . (Ayoub, et al., 2009) . (Brooks, Gunn & D... more ... (C. Ramey & S. Ramey, 1990) . Page 4. . . . (Ayoub, et al., 2009) . (Brooks, Gunn & Duncan, 1997) . (Ayoub, et al., 2009) . . (Jensen & Richter, 2001) . . (Behrman, 2000) . (Duncan, et al., 1994) . (Burnett & Farkas, 2009) . (Korenman, Miller & Sjaastad, 1995) Page 5. ... . ...
This paper was aimed to investigate the mixed empirical results on the effect of health insurance... more This paper was aimed to investigate the mixed empirical results on the effect of health insurance in reducing the risk of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). We investigated a wide range of factors affecting the risk of CHE among patients admitted to hospitals in Tehran. We categorized hospitals into five groups from private hospitals to charity ones. The data used herein was extracted from the second round of Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool. Determinants of CHE were identified using logistic regression. We found that the significant effect of insurance on aggregate data was solely determined by its effect on reducing the risk of CHE in social security organization hospitals. Insured people by this organization allocate a higher proportion of their salaries to the health insurance and are admitted to the organizational hospitals free of charge. This finding shows the bias inherited in the aggregation and provides support for full prepayments mechanisms. Our findings suggest that CHE is related to the chosen hospitals by individuals, which, in turn, needs to be based on individuals' health insurance and socioeconomic conditions.
Social Welfare Quarterly, Jul 15, 2012
Journal of Research and Rural Planning, Aug 1, 2019
Purpose-With increasing governmental revenue and budgets, their responsibility for community deve... more Purpose-With increasing governmental revenue and budgets, their responsibility for community development and growth has increased. The first step to policy-making in order to attain the desired welfare levels is identify and measure the related indicators such as poverty in the best possible way. In Iran, most of conducted poverty surveys due to the lack of panel data cannot decompose households to transient and chronic poverty group. In this situation, the Synthetic panel data is a useful and new approach to estimates of poverty mobility in countries with only cross-sectional statistics. Therefore, based on this method we calculated the poverty dynamic of rural areas in Iran. Design/methodology/approach-The present study, initially calculates the absolute poverty line of rural areas in Iran in 2012, 2015 and 2016, and then calculates the status of mobility of poverty during those years based on Synthetic panel data approach. Finding-The results of the estimation of probability functions for studying poverty dynamics indicated that in rural areas of Iran there was a kind of state dependence in poverty. According to the results, there is a dependency state in the rural poverty situation, where more than 86% of the households who were poor in 2016 were also poor (non-poor) during the first period (2012 or 2015) and only with the probability of less than 14% of the poor (non-poor) households during the past years was in the non-poor (poor) state. Key word-Poverty measurement, Dynamic poverty, Synthetic panel data, Rural areas, Iran. Paper type-Scientific & Research.
Hakim Research Journal, Jul 10, 2013
Introduction: Health status of societies is amongst the basic in dices of economic and social dev... more Introduction: Health status of societies is amongst the basic in dices of economic and social development and hence investment in this section ha s direct impacts on social welfare and economic gro wth. Low quality of health care and inequality in health care expenditure contributions can lead to differe nt forms of social and economic consequences. This is the ma in concern of the public policy makers, in particul ar those who are engaged with health care services. Th e main purpose of this study was to measure inequal ity in health care expenditures in rural and urban area s of Iran. In order to compare the results of the c ountry's 5year economic and social plans, we measured the ine quality in the first years of the plans. Methods: In this study, Gini coefficient, concentration inde x, Kakwani and Atkinson indices were used to measure inequality in health care expenditures in u rban and rural areas of Iran for the selected years . We used the household expenditure survey data collecte d by the Iran Statistical Center. Results: The results of the study showed that concentration of health expenditures for urban, rural and the whole households of the country had small fluctuati ons and few changes were made during the study peri od. Calculation of the total national health expenditur es showed that Kakwani index was positive during th e mentioned period. Based on the calculations of the Atkinson index, inequality did not improve during p eriod of the study. Conclusion: Health care inequality scores were relatively high and there were volatility in inequality figures. This fluctuation indicates that health pol icy could not have effective influence on health ca re expenditures inequality. Increasing inequality is d ue to the relatively high inflation plagued the soc iety and regional discrepancy in access to the services.
Social Welfare Quarterly, Apr 10, 2007
Majlis and Rahbord, Jan 21, 2020
Pizhūhishʹhā va sīyāsatʹhā-yi iqtiṣādī, Jun 1, 2020
Majlis and Rahbord, Oct 23, 2015
Social Welfare Quarterly, Oct 10, 2010
Iranian National Tax Administration, Sep 15, 2014