Howard Woodard - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Howard Woodard

Research paper thumbnail of The relationship of soil and leaf nutrients to rice leaf oranging

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1994

Abstract A symptom called leaf‐oranging, indicating a deficiency of many nutrients, occurs in pad... more Abstract A symptom called leaf‐oranging, indicating a deficiency of many nutrients, occurs in paddy rice (Oryzasativa L.) when production expands into some upland soils. Rice (Gui Chou cv.) was grown in culture pots in a flooded, weathered, upland soil (Nacogdoches) and compared to rice growth in a flooded soil currently used for paddy rice production (Dacosta) in Texas to understand the soil and plant factors involved in leaf‐oranging. Fertilizer rates of 0, 10, and 100 mg N/kg as (NH4)2SO4 were applied to each soil along with phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer. The orange Leaf Index (OLI), a measure of leaf‐oranging, was determined weekly and increased to 60–70% for plants grown in the upland soil but its progression was delayed by higher N treatments. No leaf‐oranging was observed in the paddy soil. The soil evoking leaf‐oranging was low in silicon (Si) and high in iron (Fe). In addition, analysis of leaves from these plants showed 19–25% higher leaf ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4‐N), 9–137% higher ma...

Research paper thumbnail of Long-term residual effects of P fertilization of early dry matter and grain yield of corn (0691)

TB Agricultural Experiment Station South Dakota State University, Sep 15, 1992

Research paper thumbnail of Plant Growth on Soils Mixed with Dredged

Sediment dredged from a fresh-water lake in South Dakota was mixed in various dry volume ratios w... more Sediment dredged from a fresh-water lake in South Dakota was mixed in various dry volume ratios with either an agriculturall y productive soil or sand. The effect on the growth and nutrient uptake was determined under greenhouse conditions for three field crops, maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), and two forage species, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman). Plant growth measured as shoot dry matter, shoot total N, P, and K concentration, and relative shoot N, P, and K uptake were not diminished for any crop when the dry volume of the dredge material mixed with the Moody soil increased from 25% to 100%. However, shoot dry matter, shoot N, P, and K concentration, and relative N, P,

Research paper thumbnail of Crop Production Influences on Soil Phosphorus Removal and Soil Test Levels

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2017

An eight-year field study documented the impact of tillage, crop rotations, and crop residue mana... more An eight-year field study documented the impact of tillage, crop rotations, and crop residue management on agronomic and soil parameters at Brookings, South Dakota. The greatest annual proportion of above-ground biomass phosphorus (P) removed was from the grain (78-87% of total) although crop residue removed some P as well. Greater above-ground total biomass P (grain P + crop residue P) was removed from corn than from soybean and spring wheat crops mainly due to the greater corn grain biomass harvested. Cumulative above-ground biomass P removal was greatest for the corn-soybean rotation (214 kg P ha 1), while the soybean-wheat rotation removed the least P (157 kg P ha 1). Tillage treatments within crop rotation or residue management treatments did not influence annual or cumulative P removal rates. Olsen extractable soil orthophosphate-P levels declined consistently through time from a mean of 40 µg g 1 (2004) to 26 µg g 1 (2011). Biomass P removal was calculated to be 15.7 ha 1 yr 1 to

Research paper thumbnail of Field application of the Barber-Cushman model for phosphorous uptake

Research paper thumbnail of N Rate Influence on Corn Hybrid Grain Yields

Research paper thumbnail of Selenite Adsorption and Desorption in Selected South Dakota Soils as a Function of pH and Other Oxyanions

Soil Science, 2011

Changes in soil pH and chemical composition of solutions in vadose zone strongly affect selenite ... more Changes in soil pH and chemical composition of solutions in vadose zone strongly affect selenite (SeO 3 2j) adsorption and desorption properties. In this study, batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the properties of SeO 3 2j adsorption and desorption in four South Dakota soils as a function of pH and the presence of competitive oxyanions. Selenite adsorption capacity of the soils was strongly dependent on soil pH and decreased with increasing pH between 5 and 9. Selenite adsorption capacity increased with increasing specific surface area of the soils, and Langmuir isotherm was described as an SeO 3 2j adsorption behavior. The presence of phosphate (HPO 4 2j) in solution significantly decreased the partition coefficient values and adsorption maximum from Langmuir isotherm on all tested soils. Although HPO 4 2j addition affected SeO 3 2j adsorption in all soils, the effect had depended on the pool size of SeO 3 2j adsorption site. The competitive effect between SeO 3 2j and HPO 4 2j was less apparent in soils with a high adsorption capacity, and the competitive effect was more apparent in lowYadsorbing capacity soils. The amount of SeO 3 2j adsorbed per unit area was lower in the presence of HPO 4 2j in solution, but the depression by HPO 4 2j addition was greater in lowYadsorbing capacity soils compared with highYadsorbing capacity soils because of the much fewer adsorption sites. Contrary to HPO 4 2j , sulfate in solution had little effect on SeO 3 2j adsorption on all tested soils, which indicates that specific adsorption plays a major role in the adsorption of SeO 3 2j. The desorption of adsorbed SeO 3 2j was found to be dependent on the amount of SeO 3 2j initially adsorbed on soils and HPO 4 2j in solution. Significantly more SeO 3 2j desorbed when HPO 4 2j was in solution compared with sulfate.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of phosphate and sulfate fertilizers on selenium uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate whether oxyanionic phosphate (P) and sulfate (S) f... more The objective of this study was to investigate whether oxyanionic phosphate (P) and sulfate (S) fertilizer management could influence selenium (Se) uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum) in medium and high Se areas. Field studies were established at two locations for two growing seasons in central South Dakota, USA. Phosphate fertilizer was applied using three different methods (banded with seed, surface-broadcasted

Research paper thumbnail of Selenium uptake response among selected wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties and relationship with soil selenium fractions

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2011

Some South Dakota soils contain high levels of available selenium (Se) for crop uptake. A field s... more Some South Dakota soils contain high levels of available selenium (Se) for crop uptake. A field study was conducted to determine if any popular wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties demonstrate differential Se uptake. A total of 280 samples including eight winter wheat and ten spring wheat varieties were analyzed for grain Se concentration and uptake for two growing years. Soil samples

Research paper thumbnail of Nitrification in high chloride zones near fertilizer bands in a calcareous soil

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1994

Abstract The effect of high chloride (Cl) on nitrification of ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4‐N) in zones ... more Abstract The effect of high chloride (Cl) on nitrification of ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4‐N) in zones surrounding applied fertilizer and on nitrogen (N) uptake by sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)] was examined in a calcareous silt loam soil. Fertilizer N was applied at a rate of 120 mg N/kg as ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] or ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and supplemented by calcium chloride (CaCl2) to provide a final Cl concentration of 350 or 700 mg Cl/kg to simulate a concentrated point placement. Soil around the point of fertilizer placement and shoot dry matter (if present) were sampled and analyzed at 1,7,14, 24, 34, and 44 days after application. Soil pH within 2.0 cm from the fertilizer placement point for the Cl treatments was below the bulk soil pH during the entire study due to the effect of adding CaCl2. Beyond the fertilizer placement zone, soil pH for the ammonium sulfate treatment without Cl increased initially to near pH 8.5 then declined steadily with time as acidification from nitrification in...

Research paper thumbnail of Growth and selenium uptake of range plants propagated in uranium mine soils

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1992

... Page 2. 2744 HOSSNER, WOODARD, AND BUSH ... However, soils with elevated Se levels are found ... more ... Page 2. 2744 HOSSNER, WOODARD, AND BUSH ... However, soils with elevated Se levels are found in the United States, Canada, Columbia, Venezuela, Mexico, the USSR, and Spain (Anderson, 1961; Beeson, 1961; Moxon and Olsen, 1974). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Soybean growth and yield response to residual fertilizer phosphorus bands

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1997

ABSTRACT Residual effects on soybeans (Glycine max L.) from phosphrous (P) fertilizer bands appli... more ABSTRACT Residual effects on soybeans (Glycine max L.) from phosphrous (P) fertilizer bands applied 5 cm to the side and 5 cm below the seeds of a preceding corn (Zea mays L.) crop on a Brandt silt loam soil (fine‐silty, mixed Udic Haploboroll) were studied after an intervening no‐till fallow period. The P rates applied were 0, 12, 24, and 49 kg P ha. Soybean rows were planted as close as possible to the preceding corn rows. Soybean tissue was sampled at the early bloom stage in each row of the paired‐row design. Twenty soil column (2.5x3 cm) samples were collected from the 0–15 cm depth along a 50‐cm‐long trench that bisected a soybean row. The distance of the previous P band (column with the highest extractable Bray‐I P level) from the soybean row became a variable in this experiment with category range distances of 9 cm from band to row. Residual P from all application rates increased shoot dry matter weight, shoot P uptake, and to a lesser extent grain yield in comparison to the unfertilized soybeans. Distance of the P band from the row was more important than the P concentration in the band. Shoot P uptake and grain yield were significantly larger for fertilized compared to unfertilized soybeans when the band distance was less than 9 cm from the row. Residual P band distance of greater than 9 cm from the row had little effect on soybean growth and yield.

Research paper thumbnail of Maize growth and yield responses to seed‐inoculated N 2 ‐fixing bacteria under Dryland production conditions

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2000

Maize (Zea Mays L.) seeds were inoculated with the N2‐fixing bacteria, Azospirillum brasilense an... more Maize (Zea Mays L.) seeds were inoculated with the N2‐fixing bacteria, Azospirillum brasilense and Azorhizobium caulinodans. Shoot growth, shoot nitrogen (N) concentration, and grain yield was determined under dryland production conditions in a silt loam. Fertilizer N was applied according to soil test recommendations at either 0, 50, 75, or 100% of the recommended N requirements for a 7,500 kg ha yield goal. Both A. brasilense and A. caulinodans increased shoot dry matter production, shoot N concentration, and grain yield somewhat at the lower N recommended rates. There was no agronomic benefit with either A. brasilense and A. caulinodans inoculations under dryland conditions for high N fertility soils under dryland production conditions in a subhumid or semi‐arid moisture regime.

Research paper thumbnail of Field Verification of the Barber–Cushman Mechanistic Phosphorus Uptake Model for Maize

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2003

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Residual and Fresh Subsurface Phosphorus Fertilizer Bands on Soil Phosphorus Profile Distribution and Maize Growth and Shoot Phosphorus Uptake

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2006

ABSTRACT A field study was conducted at Beresford, SD, to examine how residual fertilizer phospho... more ABSTRACT A field study was conducted at Beresford, SD, to examine how residual fertilizer phosphorus (P) bands influenced the distribution of Bray-1 extractable P in the soil profile and maize (Zea mays L.) shoot growth and P uptake in a ridge-till system. Liquid ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0) was injected each fall for three consecutive years in either one or two concentrated subsurface bands in a 5 × 5 cm configuration with respect to the planted seed at rates to provide either 0, 10, 20, or 40 kg P/ha. Soil samples were removed once in the spring before planting with a rectangular block sampler along a 30 cm transect perpendicular to the ridge row to a depth of 15 cm after the third year of the P application. The large sample was separated into eight 7.5 × 7.5 cm × 7.5 cm block sections. Soil was analyzed for Bray-1-extractable orthophosphate-P in each of the sample blocks, composited for increasingly greater soil volumes, and compared with shoot growth and P uptake at the sixth and twelfth leaf and silking stage of growth. Applied-P rate had a strong effect on Bray-1-P levels, increasing them from 7.5 to 195.1 mg P/kg as P rate increased from 0 to 40 kg P/ha. The locations of the previously applied P bands were highly variable in the sampling profile. Coefficients of variation (c.v.) for Bray-1-P levels varied from 1.9 to 141.4 for sampling-block locations and increased as P rate increased. This result indicated that, within treatment replication, there was little consistency with fertilizer P-band placement with respect to the planted seed, and the variability increased with higher P applications. Applied-P rate influenced shoot dry weight, shoot P concentration, and shoot P uptake in the sixth leaf and twelfth leaf growth stages only. The band number had no influence on these parameters. When increasingly larger volumes were considered to improve the accuracy of sampling position with the predictability of the Bray-1 P levels and shoot parameters, the smallest soil volume and sampling position close to the planted seed was as accurate a predictor of shoot parameter responses as the Bray-1 P levels derived from soil composites of larger sampling volumes.

Research paper thumbnail of Verification of an in‐situ method for measuring denitr1f1cation

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 1994

ABSTRACT The most common direct in‐situ method for the measurement of soil denitrification requir... more ABSTRACT The most common direct in‐situ method for the measurement of soil denitrification requires many acetylene (C2H2) supply probes and airflow lines to measure nitrous oxide (N2O) flux from the soil under a sealed cover. A modification to this method simplified C2H2 supply by placing a single acetylene supply probe 30 cm deep into the soil and measured soil N2O emission flux over a 0.11 m area. Acetylene concentrations ranging from 0.1–10.0% were readily and predictably established by radial diffusion from the supply probe. Over 94% of the N2O released into the enclosed air space of the soil cover was recovered at an air flow rate of 21 L/h. Recovery decreased rapidly with increased flow rates of 31 and 37 L/h.

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship of nitrogen management to winter wheat yield and grain protein in South Dakota

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1998

The effects of nitrogen (N) management systems on Rose and Arapahoe hard red winter wheat (Tritic... more The effects of nitrogen (N) management systems on Rose and Arapahoe hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Emend. Thell.) were measured. Nitrogen fertilizer rates of 0,55,110, and 165 kg N ha were surface broadcast as a full N rate application atpreplant or were split‐applied as two half N rates applied in the fall and spring. Supplemental N was also

Research paper thumbnail of Carbon-13 Fractionation of Relic Soil Organic Carbon during Mineralization Effects Calculated Half-Lives

Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2007

All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or b... more All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.

Research paper thumbnail of Carbon-13 Fractionation of Relic Soil Organic Carbon during Mineralization Effects Calculated Half-Lives

Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2007

All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or b... more All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.

Research paper thumbnail of Chloride Fertilizers Increase Spring Wheat Yields in the Northern Great Plains

Agronomy Journal, 2017

Ternary nickel-substituted layered double hydroxide (C-LDH) was synthesized. It was intercalated ... more Ternary nickel-substituted layered double hydroxide (C-LDH) was synthesized. It was intercalated with azobenzene-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, using an ion exchange method to obtain organically modified NiZnAl-LDH (O-LDH). Both LDHs were melt-blended into polypropylene (PP) with intumescent fire retardant (IFR). The structure, morphology, thermal stability and combustible properties of intercalated LDH and its hybrid composite have been comprehensively characterized. SEM and EDX mapping show O-LDH exhibits better dispersion than ZnNiAl-CO3 LDH (C-LDH). Cone calorimetry shows the addition of IFR and LDH significantly reduced smoke and heat release rate. The composite with 1 wt% O-LDH, which showed dual gas phase and condensed phase fire retardant action, exhibited the lowest flammability with an LOI value of 29.3 % and achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating. In addition, incorporation of LDH improved the mechanical properties compared to PP/IFR composites. UV absorption showed that O-LDH could significantly improve the ultraviolet stability of PP composites.

Research paper thumbnail of The relationship of soil and leaf nutrients to rice leaf oranging

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1994

Abstract A symptom called leaf‐oranging, indicating a deficiency of many nutrients, occurs in pad... more Abstract A symptom called leaf‐oranging, indicating a deficiency of many nutrients, occurs in paddy rice (Oryzasativa L.) when production expands into some upland soils. Rice (Gui Chou cv.) was grown in culture pots in a flooded, weathered, upland soil (Nacogdoches) and compared to rice growth in a flooded soil currently used for paddy rice production (Dacosta) in Texas to understand the soil and plant factors involved in leaf‐oranging. Fertilizer rates of 0, 10, and 100 mg N/kg as (NH4)2SO4 were applied to each soil along with phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer. The orange Leaf Index (OLI), a measure of leaf‐oranging, was determined weekly and increased to 60–70% for plants grown in the upland soil but its progression was delayed by higher N treatments. No leaf‐oranging was observed in the paddy soil. The soil evoking leaf‐oranging was low in silicon (Si) and high in iron (Fe). In addition, analysis of leaves from these plants showed 19–25% higher leaf ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4‐N), 9–137% higher ma...

Research paper thumbnail of Long-term residual effects of P fertilization of early dry matter and grain yield of corn (0691)

TB Agricultural Experiment Station South Dakota State University, Sep 15, 1992

Research paper thumbnail of Plant Growth on Soils Mixed with Dredged

Sediment dredged from a fresh-water lake in South Dakota was mixed in various dry volume ratios w... more Sediment dredged from a fresh-water lake in South Dakota was mixed in various dry volume ratios with either an agriculturall y productive soil or sand. The effect on the growth and nutrient uptake was determined under greenhouse conditions for three field crops, maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), and two forage species, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman). Plant growth measured as shoot dry matter, shoot total N, P, and K concentration, and relative shoot N, P, and K uptake were not diminished for any crop when the dry volume of the dredge material mixed with the Moody soil increased from 25% to 100%. However, shoot dry matter, shoot N, P, and K concentration, and relative N, P,

Research paper thumbnail of Crop Production Influences on Soil Phosphorus Removal and Soil Test Levels

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2017

An eight-year field study documented the impact of tillage, crop rotations, and crop residue mana... more An eight-year field study documented the impact of tillage, crop rotations, and crop residue management on agronomic and soil parameters at Brookings, South Dakota. The greatest annual proportion of above-ground biomass phosphorus (P) removed was from the grain (78-87% of total) although crop residue removed some P as well. Greater above-ground total biomass P (grain P + crop residue P) was removed from corn than from soybean and spring wheat crops mainly due to the greater corn grain biomass harvested. Cumulative above-ground biomass P removal was greatest for the corn-soybean rotation (214 kg P ha 1), while the soybean-wheat rotation removed the least P (157 kg P ha 1). Tillage treatments within crop rotation or residue management treatments did not influence annual or cumulative P removal rates. Olsen extractable soil orthophosphate-P levels declined consistently through time from a mean of 40 µg g 1 (2004) to 26 µg g 1 (2011). Biomass P removal was calculated to be 15.7 ha 1 yr 1 to

Research paper thumbnail of Field application of the Barber-Cushman model for phosphorous uptake

Research paper thumbnail of N Rate Influence on Corn Hybrid Grain Yields

Research paper thumbnail of Selenite Adsorption and Desorption in Selected South Dakota Soils as a Function of pH and Other Oxyanions

Soil Science, 2011

Changes in soil pH and chemical composition of solutions in vadose zone strongly affect selenite ... more Changes in soil pH and chemical composition of solutions in vadose zone strongly affect selenite (SeO 3 2j) adsorption and desorption properties. In this study, batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the properties of SeO 3 2j adsorption and desorption in four South Dakota soils as a function of pH and the presence of competitive oxyanions. Selenite adsorption capacity of the soils was strongly dependent on soil pH and decreased with increasing pH between 5 and 9. Selenite adsorption capacity increased with increasing specific surface area of the soils, and Langmuir isotherm was described as an SeO 3 2j adsorption behavior. The presence of phosphate (HPO 4 2j) in solution significantly decreased the partition coefficient values and adsorption maximum from Langmuir isotherm on all tested soils. Although HPO 4 2j addition affected SeO 3 2j adsorption in all soils, the effect had depended on the pool size of SeO 3 2j adsorption site. The competitive effect between SeO 3 2j and HPO 4 2j was less apparent in soils with a high adsorption capacity, and the competitive effect was more apparent in lowYadsorbing capacity soils. The amount of SeO 3 2j adsorbed per unit area was lower in the presence of HPO 4 2j in solution, but the depression by HPO 4 2j addition was greater in lowYadsorbing capacity soils compared with highYadsorbing capacity soils because of the much fewer adsorption sites. Contrary to HPO 4 2j , sulfate in solution had little effect on SeO 3 2j adsorption on all tested soils, which indicates that specific adsorption plays a major role in the adsorption of SeO 3 2j. The desorption of adsorbed SeO 3 2j was found to be dependent on the amount of SeO 3 2j initially adsorbed on soils and HPO 4 2j in solution. Significantly more SeO 3 2j desorbed when HPO 4 2j was in solution compared with sulfate.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of phosphate and sulfate fertilizers on selenium uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate whether oxyanionic phosphate (P) and sulfate (S) f... more The objective of this study was to investigate whether oxyanionic phosphate (P) and sulfate (S) fertilizer management could influence selenium (Se) uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum) in medium and high Se areas. Field studies were established at two locations for two growing seasons in central South Dakota, USA. Phosphate fertilizer was applied using three different methods (banded with seed, surface-broadcasted

Research paper thumbnail of Selenium uptake response among selected wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties and relationship with soil selenium fractions

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2011

Some South Dakota soils contain high levels of available selenium (Se) for crop uptake. A field s... more Some South Dakota soils contain high levels of available selenium (Se) for crop uptake. A field study was conducted to determine if any popular wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties demonstrate differential Se uptake. A total of 280 samples including eight winter wheat and ten spring wheat varieties were analyzed for grain Se concentration and uptake for two growing years. Soil samples

Research paper thumbnail of Nitrification in high chloride zones near fertilizer bands in a calcareous soil

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1994

Abstract The effect of high chloride (Cl) on nitrification of ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4‐N) in zones ... more Abstract The effect of high chloride (Cl) on nitrification of ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4‐N) in zones surrounding applied fertilizer and on nitrogen (N) uptake by sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)] was examined in a calcareous silt loam soil. Fertilizer N was applied at a rate of 120 mg N/kg as ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] or ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and supplemented by calcium chloride (CaCl2) to provide a final Cl concentration of 350 or 700 mg Cl/kg to simulate a concentrated point placement. Soil around the point of fertilizer placement and shoot dry matter (if present) were sampled and analyzed at 1,7,14, 24, 34, and 44 days after application. Soil pH within 2.0 cm from the fertilizer placement point for the Cl treatments was below the bulk soil pH during the entire study due to the effect of adding CaCl2. Beyond the fertilizer placement zone, soil pH for the ammonium sulfate treatment without Cl increased initially to near pH 8.5 then declined steadily with time as acidification from nitrification in...

Research paper thumbnail of Growth and selenium uptake of range plants propagated in uranium mine soils

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1992

... Page 2. 2744 HOSSNER, WOODARD, AND BUSH ... However, soils with elevated Se levels are found ... more ... Page 2. 2744 HOSSNER, WOODARD, AND BUSH ... However, soils with elevated Se levels are found in the United States, Canada, Columbia, Venezuela, Mexico, the USSR, and Spain (Anderson, 1961; Beeson, 1961; Moxon and Olsen, 1974). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Soybean growth and yield response to residual fertilizer phosphorus bands

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1997

ABSTRACT Residual effects on soybeans (Glycine max L.) from phosphrous (P) fertilizer bands appli... more ABSTRACT Residual effects on soybeans (Glycine max L.) from phosphrous (P) fertilizer bands applied 5 cm to the side and 5 cm below the seeds of a preceding corn (Zea mays L.) crop on a Brandt silt loam soil (fine‐silty, mixed Udic Haploboroll) were studied after an intervening no‐till fallow period. The P rates applied were 0, 12, 24, and 49 kg P ha. Soybean rows were planted as close as possible to the preceding corn rows. Soybean tissue was sampled at the early bloom stage in each row of the paired‐row design. Twenty soil column (2.5x3 cm) samples were collected from the 0–15 cm depth along a 50‐cm‐long trench that bisected a soybean row. The distance of the previous P band (column with the highest extractable Bray‐I P level) from the soybean row became a variable in this experiment with category range distances of 9 cm from band to row. Residual P from all application rates increased shoot dry matter weight, shoot P uptake, and to a lesser extent grain yield in comparison to the unfertilized soybeans. Distance of the P band from the row was more important than the P concentration in the band. Shoot P uptake and grain yield were significantly larger for fertilized compared to unfertilized soybeans when the band distance was less than 9 cm from the row. Residual P band distance of greater than 9 cm from the row had little effect on soybean growth and yield.

Research paper thumbnail of Maize growth and yield responses to seed‐inoculated N 2 ‐fixing bacteria under Dryland production conditions

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2000

Maize (Zea Mays L.) seeds were inoculated with the N2‐fixing bacteria, Azospirillum brasilense an... more Maize (Zea Mays L.) seeds were inoculated with the N2‐fixing bacteria, Azospirillum brasilense and Azorhizobium caulinodans. Shoot growth, shoot nitrogen (N) concentration, and grain yield was determined under dryland production conditions in a silt loam. Fertilizer N was applied according to soil test recommendations at either 0, 50, 75, or 100% of the recommended N requirements for a 7,500 kg ha yield goal. Both A. brasilense and A. caulinodans increased shoot dry matter production, shoot N concentration, and grain yield somewhat at the lower N recommended rates. There was no agronomic benefit with either A. brasilense and A. caulinodans inoculations under dryland conditions for high N fertility soils under dryland production conditions in a subhumid or semi‐arid moisture regime.

Research paper thumbnail of Field Verification of the Barber–Cushman Mechanistic Phosphorus Uptake Model for Maize

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2003

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of Residual and Fresh Subsurface Phosphorus Fertilizer Bands on Soil Phosphorus Profile Distribution and Maize Growth and Shoot Phosphorus Uptake

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2006

ABSTRACT A field study was conducted at Beresford, SD, to examine how residual fertilizer phospho... more ABSTRACT A field study was conducted at Beresford, SD, to examine how residual fertilizer phosphorus (P) bands influenced the distribution of Bray-1 extractable P in the soil profile and maize (Zea mays L.) shoot growth and P uptake in a ridge-till system. Liquid ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0) was injected each fall for three consecutive years in either one or two concentrated subsurface bands in a 5 × 5 cm configuration with respect to the planted seed at rates to provide either 0, 10, 20, or 40 kg P/ha. Soil samples were removed once in the spring before planting with a rectangular block sampler along a 30 cm transect perpendicular to the ridge row to a depth of 15 cm after the third year of the P application. The large sample was separated into eight 7.5 × 7.5 cm × 7.5 cm block sections. Soil was analyzed for Bray-1-extractable orthophosphate-P in each of the sample blocks, composited for increasingly greater soil volumes, and compared with shoot growth and P uptake at the sixth and twelfth leaf and silking stage of growth. Applied-P rate had a strong effect on Bray-1-P levels, increasing them from 7.5 to 195.1 mg P/kg as P rate increased from 0 to 40 kg P/ha. The locations of the previously applied P bands were highly variable in the sampling profile. Coefficients of variation (c.v.) for Bray-1-P levels varied from 1.9 to 141.4 for sampling-block locations and increased as P rate increased. This result indicated that, within treatment replication, there was little consistency with fertilizer P-band placement with respect to the planted seed, and the variability increased with higher P applications. Applied-P rate influenced shoot dry weight, shoot P concentration, and shoot P uptake in the sixth leaf and twelfth leaf growth stages only. The band number had no influence on these parameters. When increasingly larger volumes were considered to improve the accuracy of sampling position with the predictability of the Bray-1 P levels and shoot parameters, the smallest soil volume and sampling position close to the planted seed was as accurate a predictor of shoot parameter responses as the Bray-1 P levels derived from soil composites of larger sampling volumes.

Research paper thumbnail of Verification of an in‐situ method for measuring denitr1f1cation

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 1994

ABSTRACT The most common direct in‐situ method for the measurement of soil denitrification requir... more ABSTRACT The most common direct in‐situ method for the measurement of soil denitrification requires many acetylene (C2H2) supply probes and airflow lines to measure nitrous oxide (N2O) flux from the soil under a sealed cover. A modification to this method simplified C2H2 supply by placing a single acetylene supply probe 30 cm deep into the soil and measured soil N2O emission flux over a 0.11 m area. Acetylene concentrations ranging from 0.1–10.0% were readily and predictably established by radial diffusion from the supply probe. Over 94% of the N2O released into the enclosed air space of the soil cover was recovered at an air flow rate of 21 L/h. Recovery decreased rapidly with increased flow rates of 31 and 37 L/h.

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship of nitrogen management to winter wheat yield and grain protein in South Dakota

Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1998

The effects of nitrogen (N) management systems on Rose and Arapahoe hard red winter wheat (Tritic... more The effects of nitrogen (N) management systems on Rose and Arapahoe hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Emend. Thell.) were measured. Nitrogen fertilizer rates of 0,55,110, and 165 kg N ha were surface broadcast as a full N rate application atpreplant or were split‐applied as two half N rates applied in the fall and spring. Supplemental N was also

Research paper thumbnail of Carbon-13 Fractionation of Relic Soil Organic Carbon during Mineralization Effects Calculated Half-Lives

Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2007

All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or b... more All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.

Research paper thumbnail of Carbon-13 Fractionation of Relic Soil Organic Carbon during Mineralization Effects Calculated Half-Lives

Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2007

All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or b... more All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.

Research paper thumbnail of Chloride Fertilizers Increase Spring Wheat Yields in the Northern Great Plains

Agronomy Journal, 2017

Ternary nickel-substituted layered double hydroxide (C-LDH) was synthesized. It was intercalated ... more Ternary nickel-substituted layered double hydroxide (C-LDH) was synthesized. It was intercalated with azobenzene-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, using an ion exchange method to obtain organically modified NiZnAl-LDH (O-LDH). Both LDHs were melt-blended into polypropylene (PP) with intumescent fire retardant (IFR). The structure, morphology, thermal stability and combustible properties of intercalated LDH and its hybrid composite have been comprehensively characterized. SEM and EDX mapping show O-LDH exhibits better dispersion than ZnNiAl-CO3 LDH (C-LDH). Cone calorimetry shows the addition of IFR and LDH significantly reduced smoke and heat release rate. The composite with 1 wt% O-LDH, which showed dual gas phase and condensed phase fire retardant action, exhibited the lowest flammability with an LOI value of 29.3 % and achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating. In addition, incorporation of LDH improved the mechanical properties compared to PP/IFR composites. UV absorption showed that O-LDH could significantly improve the ultraviolet stability of PP composites.