Hubert Bril - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Hubert Bril
Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin
European Scientific Journal, May 29, 2015
This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical quality and heavy metals (HM) in the wat... more This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical quality and heavy metals (HM) in the water of Lomé lagoon system. The conductivity, pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and HM were determined by AFNOR methods. The results showed that the waters of Lomé lagoon system have generally pH close to neutral (pH between 7.34 and 8.5). However, the balance of the water in the equilibrum canal has an acid pH (pH 6.53). The levels of nitrogen and phosphorus are relatively high 1.27 mg/L phosphorus against 0.15 mg/L in natural waters. Dissolved organic matter is higher at the site C 4 over the entire lagoon system. The East Lake E 3 and E 1 sites recorded a high rate of mineralization with 2536 mg/L of dissolved salts. The contents of the major ions such as Ca 2+ , Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Cl-, NO 3-, SO 4 2and HCO 3 helped to highlight the nature of brackish water of Lomé lagoon system. The material suspended (77 mg/L
Can Mineralog, 2007
ABSTRACT Zinc smelting at swietochlowice, in Upper Silesia, Poland, produced a 15 ha waste dump, ... more ABSTRACT Zinc smelting at swietochlowice, in Upper Silesia, Poland, produced a 15 ha waste dump, which is dominated by silicate slags, representing 1200-1300 degrees C silicate melt generated during zinc extraction. The high ratio of silicate network-modifying to network-forming cations resulting in low viscosity of the melt enabled the crystallization of a holocrystalline assemblage of phases. The main phases present in the slag are silicates, mostly synthetic analogues of olivine, melilite, pyroxene, feldspars, willemite and of the oxides zincite and spinet-group phases. The silicate and oxide phases contain variable amounts of Zn, and melifite and K-feldspar also contain Ph. Willemite was the first phase to crystallize in Zn-rich slags, which are thus considered to be "Zn-saturated". The Zn poor ("Zn-undersaturated") slags do not contain any Zn-phase, and zinc is preferably concentrated in melilite. Pyroxene is a sink for Zn where the composition of the melt does not allow melilite to crystallize. The phase assemblages occurring in the slags from Swietochlowice are similar to those described in other Zn-smelting slags. Two "facies", "Zn-saturated" and "Zn-undersaturated", relating bulk-slag composition to phase assemblages, can be defined for the Swietochlowice and other Zn-smelting slags.
Mine-water pollution is a wide problem, very often studied because it is generally associated wit... more Mine-water pollution is a wide problem, very often studied because it is generally associated with acid sulfate waters (ASW), contamination due to dissolved pollutants (As, S, Zn, Pb…) in surface and groundwaters, to the precipitation of these potentially toxic elements in stream sediments…(Schwertmann et al., 1995; Bigham et al., 1996). In an abandoned mine of tungsten in the French Massif
Applied Geochemistry, 2015
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2015
ABSTRACT The persistent presence of metal elements (ME) in the environment may cause health issue... more ABSTRACT The persistent presence of metal elements (ME) in the environment may cause health issues, particularly in a semi-arid climate where annual rainfall (in the range of 650 mm per year) is concentrated into just a few months. This climatic situation has exacerbated the spreading of pollution by means of hydric transport. The corresponding risk assessment depends on: 1) the type of pollutants (mainly their toxicity), 2) their potential mobility, and 3) and the category of receiving organisms. The scientific goals of this investigation involve: determining metal dissemination processes in a semi-arid carbonated context, integrating the Wadi sediment enrichment, and assessing the associated risks induced. This study focuses on the Jalta Pb-Zn mine, which is responsible for the presence of several contaminants, such as Cd. The representative Pb-Zn rich tailings identified (approx. 200 million tons) are drained by the Ghezini Wadi, which winds through the agricultural areas of northern Tunisia and flows into a wetland classified as a UNESCO heritage site. A geochemical study of Ghezini Wadi sediment reveals differences in the level of enrichment, as a function of both its constituents and distance from the mine. The mineralogical characterization of tailings and sediments allows identifying the Pb and Zn bearing phases, which are mainly sulfides, carbonates and iron oxyhydroxides. In terms of environmental and ecological risks, Zn and Pb are enriched in sediments above the background level near the tailings site (within 2.5 km), although Cd-enriched sediments can also be found at distances further towards the lake.
From 1902 to 1986, zinc and lead ores were extracted and treated at Jalta mine (Northern Tunisia)... more From 1902 to 1986, zinc and lead ores were extracted and treated at Jalta mine (Northern Tunisia). Ore mineralogy was constituted by abundant galena, iron sulphides and subordinate sphalerite embedded in a calcitic and baritic gangue. Residues were left as a big heap containing 0.5 Mt waste with 3% lead in which PTE-bearing phases are sulphides, carbonates and iron oxyhydroxides. Due to possible impacts on surrounding agricultural activities, the objective of the study was to assess potential release of PTE from mine tailings to the food chain by determining their bearing phases and their relative stability. Enrichment of soils surrounding the waste by Pb (up to 1% Pb in surface horizons) and Zn is very important. However, due to the carbonate-rich environment, the most mobile fraction was found only in low proportion indicating a great stability of Pb-Zn carriers in these environmental conditions.
Mine-water pollution is a wide problem, very often studied because it is generally associated wit... more Mine-water pollution is a wide problem, very often studied because it is generally associated with acid sulfate waters (ASW), contamination due to dissolved pollutants (As, S, Zn, Pb…) in surface and groundwaters, to the precipitation of these potentially toxic elements in stream sediments…(Schwertmann et al., 1995; Bigham et al., 1996). In an abandoned mine of tungsten in the French Massif Central, an As-Fe bearing ore was extracted and the resulting tailings were spread out on a steep slope. These mine wastes are weathered by different runoff drainage waters issued from the former galleries and others natural streams. The leaching of the sulfides contained in the tailings released elements such as As, S and Fe. The only remediation of this site was realized in 1997 and has consisted in collected all the waters in one dewatering point, downward the tailings. The hydrological system is 2 km long and can be simplified as follows: a rill issued from the drainage of the mine's tail...
Article paru en 2001 dans la revue "Géologues" publiée par l'Union française des Géologues, n° 13... more Article paru en 2001 dans la revue "Géologues" publiée par l'Union française des Géologues, n° 130/131, pages 233-241 Le Massif central a été la plus importante région minière de France pour les métaux de base. Il est riche en anciens gisements et indices métallifères d'or, de tungstène, d'antimoine, d'uranium et aussi de plomb, de zinc ou d'argent (Bril et al., 1994). Si l'on excepte les aurières antiques (Cauuet, 1991) et quelques extractions au Moyen Age ou à la Renaissance, les sites les plus importants ont été exploités dans des conditions industrielles à partir du milieu du XIXème siècle. Les principales périodes d'activité minière sont les années qui ont précédé la crise économique des années 1930, la période qui a suivi la seconde guerre mondiale et, pour les sites les plus riches en métaux, le début de la décennie 1980. Aujourd'hui, les dernières mines (or et uranium en Haute-Vienne par exemple) sont en cours de fermeture. Dans de nombreuses zones (leucogranites de Saint-Sylvestre au nord de Limoges pour l'uranium, district de Pontgibaud dans le Puy de Dôme ou bordure ardéchoise pour le plomb…), la densité des anciennes exploitations est importante (plusieurs dizaines d'indices ou anciens gisements par cent kilomètres carrés) ; en outre, pour les gisements exploités récemment, les tonnages de minerai extraits sont énormes : 600 000 tonnes de minerai d'or à Chéni (87), 300 000 tonnes de minerai de tungstène à Enguialès (12), environ 4 millions de tonnes extraites pour l'uranium à Lodève (34) etc. La mine d'or de Salsigne (11) est un bon exemple de la superposition fréquente en un même lieu d'activités diverses (Barthelemy et Legrand, 1998), exercées de manière discontinue par des sociétés différentes qui ont, pour la plupart, disparu. A l'extraction minière proprement dite se sont en effet ajoutés au fil des années, les processus de traitement physique et chimique du minerai (flottation et cyanuration), certaines activités connexes (production d'acide sulfurique) ou de transformation (pyrométallurgie).
Arsenopyrite-rich dumps of a former metallic mine were spread out by rainfalls and acidic waters ... more Arsenopyrite-rich dumps of a former metallic mine were spread out by rainfalls and acidic waters originating from the abandoned mine galleries. This intensive leaching involved formation of arsenic-iron crusts onto the tailings surface. The thinly layered "ferri-crust" frequently constitute massive coatings of mineral grains, and locally cement the dump grains. The crusts are composed of jarosite, mangangordonite, arsenate iron hydroxides and iron hydrous oxides (identification by XRD, SEM, microprobe). Jarosite deposition is favoured by the acidic and oxidant conditions present in the mine's site.
A fluid inclusion study in the polymetallic Brioude-Massiac district (French Massif Central) show... more A fluid inclusion study in the polymetallic Brioude-Massiac district (French Massif Central) shows two main types of mineralizing fluids corresponding to two principal metallogenic cycles. The first cycle includes Sn-W-Au mineralizations as well as stibnite mineralization. These two types of parageneses originate from complex low saline and CO2-rich fluids and were deposited at rather high temperatures: about 350~ for Sn-W-Au deposits, above 260~ for stibnite occurrences. The second cycle includes colder vein mineralizations with abundant Pb-Zn minerals, deposited between 150-100~ from highly saline fluids, quite different from the former ones. These caused the remobilization of antimony, which was redeposited with Pb in the form of sulphosalts during the second metallogenic cycle. R~sum~ Etude des inclusions fluides des min~ralisations Sn=-W-Au, Sb et Pb-Zn du district de Brioude-Massiac {Massif Central, France} Une 6tude d'inclusions fluides dans le district filonien polym6tal...
Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin
European Scientific Journal, May 29, 2015
This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical quality and heavy metals (HM) in the wat... more This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical quality and heavy metals (HM) in the water of Lomé lagoon system. The conductivity, pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and HM were determined by AFNOR methods. The results showed that the waters of Lomé lagoon system have generally pH close to neutral (pH between 7.34 and 8.5). However, the balance of the water in the equilibrum canal has an acid pH (pH 6.53). The levels of nitrogen and phosphorus are relatively high 1.27 mg/L phosphorus against 0.15 mg/L in natural waters. Dissolved organic matter is higher at the site C 4 over the entire lagoon system. The East Lake E 3 and E 1 sites recorded a high rate of mineralization with 2536 mg/L of dissolved salts. The contents of the major ions such as Ca 2+ , Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Cl-, NO 3-, SO 4 2and HCO 3 helped to highlight the nature of brackish water of Lomé lagoon system. The material suspended (77 mg/L
Can Mineralog, 2007
ABSTRACT Zinc smelting at swietochlowice, in Upper Silesia, Poland, produced a 15 ha waste dump, ... more ABSTRACT Zinc smelting at swietochlowice, in Upper Silesia, Poland, produced a 15 ha waste dump, which is dominated by silicate slags, representing 1200-1300 degrees C silicate melt generated during zinc extraction. The high ratio of silicate network-modifying to network-forming cations resulting in low viscosity of the melt enabled the crystallization of a holocrystalline assemblage of phases. The main phases present in the slag are silicates, mostly synthetic analogues of olivine, melilite, pyroxene, feldspars, willemite and of the oxides zincite and spinet-group phases. The silicate and oxide phases contain variable amounts of Zn, and melifite and K-feldspar also contain Ph. Willemite was the first phase to crystallize in Zn-rich slags, which are thus considered to be "Zn-saturated". The Zn poor ("Zn-undersaturated") slags do not contain any Zn-phase, and zinc is preferably concentrated in melilite. Pyroxene is a sink for Zn where the composition of the melt does not allow melilite to crystallize. The phase assemblages occurring in the slags from Swietochlowice are similar to those described in other Zn-smelting slags. Two "facies", "Zn-saturated" and "Zn-undersaturated", relating bulk-slag composition to phase assemblages, can be defined for the Swietochlowice and other Zn-smelting slags.
Mine-water pollution is a wide problem, very often studied because it is generally associated wit... more Mine-water pollution is a wide problem, very often studied because it is generally associated with acid sulfate waters (ASW), contamination due to dissolved pollutants (As, S, Zn, Pb…) in surface and groundwaters, to the precipitation of these potentially toxic elements in stream sediments…(Schwertmann et al., 1995; Bigham et al., 1996). In an abandoned mine of tungsten in the French Massif
Applied Geochemistry, 2015
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2015
ABSTRACT The persistent presence of metal elements (ME) in the environment may cause health issue... more ABSTRACT The persistent presence of metal elements (ME) in the environment may cause health issues, particularly in a semi-arid climate where annual rainfall (in the range of 650 mm per year) is concentrated into just a few months. This climatic situation has exacerbated the spreading of pollution by means of hydric transport. The corresponding risk assessment depends on: 1) the type of pollutants (mainly their toxicity), 2) their potential mobility, and 3) and the category of receiving organisms. The scientific goals of this investigation involve: determining metal dissemination processes in a semi-arid carbonated context, integrating the Wadi sediment enrichment, and assessing the associated risks induced. This study focuses on the Jalta Pb-Zn mine, which is responsible for the presence of several contaminants, such as Cd. The representative Pb-Zn rich tailings identified (approx. 200 million tons) are drained by the Ghezini Wadi, which winds through the agricultural areas of northern Tunisia and flows into a wetland classified as a UNESCO heritage site. A geochemical study of Ghezini Wadi sediment reveals differences in the level of enrichment, as a function of both its constituents and distance from the mine. The mineralogical characterization of tailings and sediments allows identifying the Pb and Zn bearing phases, which are mainly sulfides, carbonates and iron oxyhydroxides. In terms of environmental and ecological risks, Zn and Pb are enriched in sediments above the background level near the tailings site (within 2.5 km), although Cd-enriched sediments can also be found at distances further towards the lake.
From 1902 to 1986, zinc and lead ores were extracted and treated at Jalta mine (Northern Tunisia)... more From 1902 to 1986, zinc and lead ores were extracted and treated at Jalta mine (Northern Tunisia). Ore mineralogy was constituted by abundant galena, iron sulphides and subordinate sphalerite embedded in a calcitic and baritic gangue. Residues were left as a big heap containing 0.5 Mt waste with 3% lead in which PTE-bearing phases are sulphides, carbonates and iron oxyhydroxides. Due to possible impacts on surrounding agricultural activities, the objective of the study was to assess potential release of PTE from mine tailings to the food chain by determining their bearing phases and their relative stability. Enrichment of soils surrounding the waste by Pb (up to 1% Pb in surface horizons) and Zn is very important. However, due to the carbonate-rich environment, the most mobile fraction was found only in low proportion indicating a great stability of Pb-Zn carriers in these environmental conditions.
Mine-water pollution is a wide problem, very often studied because it is generally associated wit... more Mine-water pollution is a wide problem, very often studied because it is generally associated with acid sulfate waters (ASW), contamination due to dissolved pollutants (As, S, Zn, Pb…) in surface and groundwaters, to the precipitation of these potentially toxic elements in stream sediments…(Schwertmann et al., 1995; Bigham et al., 1996). In an abandoned mine of tungsten in the French Massif Central, an As-Fe bearing ore was extracted and the resulting tailings were spread out on a steep slope. These mine wastes are weathered by different runoff drainage waters issued from the former galleries and others natural streams. The leaching of the sulfides contained in the tailings released elements such as As, S and Fe. The only remediation of this site was realized in 1997 and has consisted in collected all the waters in one dewatering point, downward the tailings. The hydrological system is 2 km long and can be simplified as follows: a rill issued from the drainage of the mine's tail...
Article paru en 2001 dans la revue "Géologues" publiée par l'Union française des Géologues, n° 13... more Article paru en 2001 dans la revue "Géologues" publiée par l'Union française des Géologues, n° 130/131, pages 233-241 Le Massif central a été la plus importante région minière de France pour les métaux de base. Il est riche en anciens gisements et indices métallifères d'or, de tungstène, d'antimoine, d'uranium et aussi de plomb, de zinc ou d'argent (Bril et al., 1994). Si l'on excepte les aurières antiques (Cauuet, 1991) et quelques extractions au Moyen Age ou à la Renaissance, les sites les plus importants ont été exploités dans des conditions industrielles à partir du milieu du XIXème siècle. Les principales périodes d'activité minière sont les années qui ont précédé la crise économique des années 1930, la période qui a suivi la seconde guerre mondiale et, pour les sites les plus riches en métaux, le début de la décennie 1980. Aujourd'hui, les dernières mines (or et uranium en Haute-Vienne par exemple) sont en cours de fermeture. Dans de nombreuses zones (leucogranites de Saint-Sylvestre au nord de Limoges pour l'uranium, district de Pontgibaud dans le Puy de Dôme ou bordure ardéchoise pour le plomb…), la densité des anciennes exploitations est importante (plusieurs dizaines d'indices ou anciens gisements par cent kilomètres carrés) ; en outre, pour les gisements exploités récemment, les tonnages de minerai extraits sont énormes : 600 000 tonnes de minerai d'or à Chéni (87), 300 000 tonnes de minerai de tungstène à Enguialès (12), environ 4 millions de tonnes extraites pour l'uranium à Lodève (34) etc. La mine d'or de Salsigne (11) est un bon exemple de la superposition fréquente en un même lieu d'activités diverses (Barthelemy et Legrand, 1998), exercées de manière discontinue par des sociétés différentes qui ont, pour la plupart, disparu. A l'extraction minière proprement dite se sont en effet ajoutés au fil des années, les processus de traitement physique et chimique du minerai (flottation et cyanuration), certaines activités connexes (production d'acide sulfurique) ou de transformation (pyrométallurgie).
Arsenopyrite-rich dumps of a former metallic mine were spread out by rainfalls and acidic waters ... more Arsenopyrite-rich dumps of a former metallic mine were spread out by rainfalls and acidic waters originating from the abandoned mine galleries. This intensive leaching involved formation of arsenic-iron crusts onto the tailings surface. The thinly layered "ferri-crust" frequently constitute massive coatings of mineral grains, and locally cement the dump grains. The crusts are composed of jarosite, mangangordonite, arsenate iron hydroxides and iron hydrous oxides (identification by XRD, SEM, microprobe). Jarosite deposition is favoured by the acidic and oxidant conditions present in the mine's site.
A fluid inclusion study in the polymetallic Brioude-Massiac district (French Massif Central) show... more A fluid inclusion study in the polymetallic Brioude-Massiac district (French Massif Central) shows two main types of mineralizing fluids corresponding to two principal metallogenic cycles. The first cycle includes Sn-W-Au mineralizations as well as stibnite mineralization. These two types of parageneses originate from complex low saline and CO2-rich fluids and were deposited at rather high temperatures: about 350~ for Sn-W-Au deposits, above 260~ for stibnite occurrences. The second cycle includes colder vein mineralizations with abundant Pb-Zn minerals, deposited between 150-100~ from highly saline fluids, quite different from the former ones. These caused the remobilization of antimony, which was redeposited with Pb in the form of sulphosalts during the second metallogenic cycle. R~sum~ Etude des inclusions fluides des min~ralisations Sn=-W-Au, Sb et Pb-Zn du district de Brioude-Massiac {Massif Central, France} Une 6tude d'inclusions fluides dans le district filonien polym6tal...