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Dickens, Narrative, Stylistics by Hugo Bowles
Drawing on Steven Marcus's claim that by learning and practicing stenography in the law courts Di... more Drawing on Steven Marcus's claim that by learning and practicing stenography in the law courts Dickens had essentially become a " written recording device for the human voice, " Ivan Kreilkamp has argued that Dickens brought the " phonographic innovations in voice writing " to the writing of the novel. The difficulty with this argument is that Dickens learned shorthand from a hybrid system—Thomas Gurney's Brachygraphy—that was radically different from the classic phonography of Isaac Pitman's Stenographic Shorthand. Unlike the Pitman system, which linked shorthand symbols directly to sound, the Gurney system mediated the link through letters—the learner had to memorize symbols which stood for letters rather than for sounds. This essay will argue that Brachygraphy's extra level of alphabetical mediation meant that Gurney shorthand was essentially, and unusually, a creative stenographic system. The nature of the creative language processing implicit in the learning of Gurney shorthand will be described and its implications for Dickens's writing processes will be discussed, drawing on examples which suggest that Gurney stenographic processes were themselves represented in Dickens's fiction and involved in episodes from his life. The overall influence of Gurney shorthand on Dickens's language processing suggests that theories regarding his legacy in relation to " orality, " particularly his position and role in " phonographic " interpretations of nineteenth-century culture, may have to be reconsidered. At the same time, we should recognize the importance of the Gurney method in influencing Dickens's creative use of language.. Citation: Bowles, H. 2017. Stenography and orality in Dickens: rethinking the phonographic myth. Dickens Studies Annual (48), 21-44.
Quotation phenomena (or 'q' forms) are " stretches of direct quotation which cannot be directly c... more Quotation phenomena (or 'q' forms) are " stretches of direct quotation which cannot be directly classified as direct speech because of the way in which they occur inside other non-direct ST&WP (speech, thought and writing presentation) categories " (Semino and Short 2004: 54). Though more frequently found in journalistic prose than in fiction, they are extremely common in Dickens's fictional work. Tis article explores Dickens's use of the complementiser that to introduce the 'q' form clause. It is argued that Dickens's use of this hybrid form in his fiction may have originated in his reporting of legal depositions in 1829-31. Its stylistic effect is to turn the journalistic " reportable quotation " into a " commentable proposition " , bringing other speaking characters and narrators into the speech event and drawing his readers in to share their perspective. Dickens thus uses this hybrid q form as a device to position his readers as participants in a conversational story and involves them more closely in its telling. .
This article describes Dickens's shorthand manuscripts in detail and explores the changes that he... more This article describes Dickens's shorthand manuscripts in detail and explores the changes that he himself made to the original Gurney script. It aims to shed light on how Dickens, like David Copperfield, faced up to the challenge of the "savage stenographic mystery" (535; ch. 43) both as a shorthand writer and a teacher of shorthand. It also highlights the conceptual challenge that scholars face when trying to unravel the undeciphered items of his shorthand. .
The article explains how an item of Dickens's shorthand was deciphered by identifying it as a dic... more The article explains how an item of Dickens's shorthand was deciphered by identifying it as a dictation exercise that he used with his pupil Arthur Stone. The original text was identified as a section of
This article describes how the name Boz may have arisen in the Dickens family as a consequence of... more This article describes how the name Boz may have arisen in the Dickens family as a consequence of word games produced by Dickens's learning of stenography. Citation: Bowles, H., (2017), A stenographic origin for the Boz nickname, The Dickensian (1), 1-5.
How do characters tell stories in plays and for what dramatic purpose? This volume provides the f... more How do characters tell stories in plays and for what dramatic purpose? This volume provides the first systematic analysis of narrative episodes in drama from an interactional perspective, applying sociolinguistic theories of narrative and insights from conversation analysis to literary dialogue. The aim of the book is to show how narration can become drama and how analysis of the way a character tells a story can be the key to understanding its role in the unfolding action. The book's interactional approach, which analyses the way in which the characteristic features of everyday conversational stories are used by dramatists to create literary effects, offers an additional tool for dramatic criticism. The book should be of interest to scholars and students of narrative research, conversation and discourse analysis, stylistics, dramatic discourse and theatre studies.
This article describes and analyses storytelling episodes in Harold Pinter's The Homecoming using... more This article describes and analyses storytelling episodes in Harold Pinter's The Homecoming using an interactional approach which focuses on the ways in which characters negotiate storytelling as speakers and listeners and the impact this negotiation has on the audience's interpretation of the play. Drawing on studies of conversational storytelling, the analysis shows how narrative control in The Homecoming reflects territorial control, as stories become the means by which characters battle for power within the discourse space. It also shows how characters construct their storytelling identities through the use of particular storytelling strategies and highlights the way in which Pinter uses a highly polarized storytelling style to produce particular dramatic effects.
This short paper, which is intended for discussion and to generate interest in the relationship b... more This short paper, which is intended for discussion and to generate interest in the relationship between CA and literary dialogue, is based on the general observation that poeticity seems to be a phenomenon of natural talk. Early studies of poetics assumed that language commonly regarded as "literary" was evidence of a "poetic function" (Jakobson 1960) that was specific to literature. There is evidence to suggest, however, that poeticity is an all-embracing aspect of language and not the province of literature alone. This casts doubt on the notion that there is such a phenomenon as "literary" language which can be distinguished from "non-literary", i.e. ordinary, language. It is suggested here that the existence of poeticity in conversation has consequences for the analysis of dialogue in literature and that CA may have a role to play in this kind of study. To set up this argument, the general area of poetics and conversation will be sketched out in section 1.0 and the relationship between conversation and dialogue in literature discussed in section 2.0. Section 3.0 identifies particular issues which need to be explored further.
ELF and English-Medium Instruction by Hugo Bowles
EMI and the internationalization of universities, 2020
Examines socio-political issues such as global and national citizenship and the identity of HE st... more Examines socio-political issues such as global and national citizenship and the identity of HE stakeholders as native/non-native English speakers This edited book examines English-Medium Instruction (EMI) language policy and practice in higher education around the world, highlighting how English language usageaffects the internationalization of universities, the way that disciplines are taught and learned, and questioning whether internationalization through EMI achieves the values of global citizenship and inclusivity/diversity to which it aspires. Written by experts in the field, the book includes data-based research from universities around the globe, with three chapters on Asia and the Far East (Malaysia, Japan and China), four on Europe (Denmark, the Netherlands and Italy) and one each on Africa (Ethiopia) and Central America (Mexico). Sources include policy documents, questionnaire surveys, focus groups and semi-structured interviews involving university policymakers, lecturers, students, and administrative staff. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of language and education policy, internationalization and applied linguistics, particularly English-Medium Instruction (EMI), academic English and English as a
" English-medium instruction " (EMI) is the name given to the use of the English language in univ... more " English-medium instruction " (EMI) is the name given to the use of the English language in universities to teach academic subjects in countries where the majority of the population does not have English as a first language (Dearden 2014). What this definition fails to mention is that interaction during EMI courses is almost entirely through the medium of English as a lingua franca (ELF). This article focuses on the challenges facing lecturers and examiners working on English-taught programmes (ETPs) in ELF and the role of language experts in supporting them. As a basis for discussion, the article uses data from a set of immunology oral examinations carried out during an undergraduate degree programme in Medicine being taught through EMI. Qualitative analysis of the data shows that this particular oral examination involves students and examiners co-constructing highly specific, chronological narratives of immunological sequences. It is argued that, far from being an exclusively linguistic matter, this kind of narrative co-construction involves acquiring a unique discursive skill set and that preparing students for the examination needs to involve increasing students' awareness and practice of the construction process. Discussion focuses on how far qualitative results of this kind of local examination data are generalisable to other EMI contexts and whether there are recommendations for language experts and policymakers in understanding and improving the quality of EMI lecturing and assessment through in other languacultures. The article will also examine how far an ELF orientation to pedagogy can assist EMI lecturers, examiners and students in their decision-making regarding materials, methods and their own English usage..
Edited by Hugo Bowles and Alessia Cogo English as a lingua franca (ELF) is recognised as the mos... more Edited by Hugo Bowles and Alessia Cogo
English as a lingua franca (ELF) is recognised as the most interesting and controversial subject to have emerged in language teaching in the last 15 years. This collection, written by international experts in the field, brings new insight into the relationship between ELF and language teaching. It covers a wide range of areas in school and university contexts, exploring how the pedagogy of intelligibility, culture and language awareness, as well as materials analysis and classroom management, can be viewed from an ELF perspective.
Articles by Alessia Cogo, Lucilla Lopriore and Paola Vettorel, Melissa Yu, Enrico Grazzi, Iris Schaller-Schwaner, Ying Wang, Yasemin Bayyurt and Nicos Sifakis, Kellie Goncalves, Veronika Quinn Novotna and Jirina Dunkova, Martin Dewey, and Hugo Bowles.
This book chapter summarises the arguments of the collection " International Perspectives
This book chapter presents data on service encounters in which English is used as a lingua franca... more This book chapter presents data on service encounters in which English is used as a lingua franca in exchanges between information providers and tourists. Analysis of the data shows that the well-attested ability of ELF speakers to negotiate interactional difficulties using accommodation skills is heightened in the service encounter, where there is greater pressure towards resolving areas of misunderstanding even in very brief transactions. The chapter identifies a specific form of learning-in-interaction through languaging, involving two types of accommodation by ELF speakers – conceptual and stylistic. Skilled ELF operators providing information to tourists are shown not only to exhibit conceptual accommodation, in which lexical variation and paraphrase are used as scaffolding to clarify areas of misunderstanding, but also to adapt to the tourist's interactional style. It is argued that these specific languaging techniques are a distinctive feature of ELF service encounters and are part of the specific interactional competence of the skilled information provider. .
This study describes the organisation of air traffic control (ATC) communication through qualitat... more This study describes the organisation of air traffic control (ATC) communication through qualitative conversational analysis of 17 exchanges between air traffic controllers. Since ATC communication is both a public safety issue (Arminen et al 2009) and an ELF issue, the aim of the study is to explore how air traffic controllers negotiate their understanding of operations with other controllers with a view to examining potential areas of miscommunication. The results show evidence of atypicality from a procedural perspective which may contribute to potential miscommunication. The discussion assesses how an ELF approach can contribute to possible improvements in training procedures.
English for Specific Purposes by Hugo Bowles
In the last 20 years, technological advancement and increased multidisciplinarity has expanded th... more In the last 20 years, technological advancement and increased multidisciplinarity has expanded the range of data regarded as within the scope of languages for specific purposes (LSP) research and the means by which they can be analyzed. As a result, the analytical work of LSP researchers has developed from a narrow focus on specialist terminology coupled with generic discourse analysis to a wide-ranging set of perspectives involving multiple methods and databases. This article aims to explore this 20-year expansion process by examining the development of the domains of LSP research in which certain methods have been particularly productive and by providing an outline of how each method has been applied within LSP research. Among the areas examined are lexical and register analysis, genre analysis, conversation analysis, ethnography, and multimethod approaches. It is argued that developments in LSP analysis have generally been in the direction of greater contextualization of discourse, moving away from a concentration on lexicogrammatical features of text to include analysis of spoken and written discourses of specific domains. The article concludes with some comments on the needs, priorities, and challenges for future research in the analysis of LSP.
This article illustrates experimental cross-cultural data from a corpus of telephone call opening... more This article illustrates experimental cross-cultural data from a corpus of telephone call openings to English and Italian workplaces in general and English and Italian bookshops in particular. Telephone calls are analyzed in order to test the appllicability of cross-cultural research methods from the Conversation Analysis framework to studies of intercultural talk and the domain-specificity of intercultural talk. The authors show the usefulness of comparative studies of institutional talk in eleciting both typical and problematic areas in domain-specific communication. The fact that some domain-specific differences have been found for bookshops as opposed to workplaces in general suggests that detail examination of telephone calls to other kinds of particular workplace can elicit specific similarities and differences for those workplaces.
This article adopts conversation analysis (CA) techniques to examine the way in which participant... more This article adopts conversation analysis (CA) techniques to examine the way in which participants in service telephone calls to bookshops negotiate their requests. The study, which is based on data from NS and NNS corpora, concentrates particularly on the reason-for-call sequence -the part of the telephone call opening in which the business of the phone call begins to be addressed by callers and receivers. A description is made of the pre-sequences which introduce reason-for-call and the strategies deployed by NS and NSS in formulating their pre-sequences are analysed and compared. Two claims are made -firstly that conversation analysis data on telephone calls is an important and neglected source for LSP research and applications, and secondly that reason-for-call is a particularly difficult area for NNS and that the correct management of pre-sequences is crucial for successful negotiation of a request. Suggestions based on the analysis are given for LSP materials production for service calls. It is also suggested that this type of applied analysis could usefully be extended by LSP practitioners to other areas of institutional talk for which CA data is available.
Drawing on Steven Marcus's claim that by learning and practicing stenography in the law courts Di... more Drawing on Steven Marcus's claim that by learning and practicing stenography in the law courts Dickens had essentially become a " written recording device for the human voice, " Ivan Kreilkamp has argued that Dickens brought the " phonographic innovations in voice writing " to the writing of the novel. The difficulty with this argument is that Dickens learned shorthand from a hybrid system—Thomas Gurney's Brachygraphy—that was radically different from the classic phonography of Isaac Pitman's Stenographic Shorthand. Unlike the Pitman system, which linked shorthand symbols directly to sound, the Gurney system mediated the link through letters—the learner had to memorize symbols which stood for letters rather than for sounds. This essay will argue that Brachygraphy's extra level of alphabetical mediation meant that Gurney shorthand was essentially, and unusually, a creative stenographic system. The nature of the creative language processing implicit in the learning of Gurney shorthand will be described and its implications for Dickens's writing processes will be discussed, drawing on examples which suggest that Gurney stenographic processes were themselves represented in Dickens's fiction and involved in episodes from his life. The overall influence of Gurney shorthand on Dickens's language processing suggests that theories regarding his legacy in relation to " orality, " particularly his position and role in " phonographic " interpretations of nineteenth-century culture, may have to be reconsidered. At the same time, we should recognize the importance of the Gurney method in influencing Dickens's creative use of language.. Citation: Bowles, H. 2017. Stenography and orality in Dickens: rethinking the phonographic myth. Dickens Studies Annual (48), 21-44.
Quotation phenomena (or 'q' forms) are " stretches of direct quotation which cannot be directly c... more Quotation phenomena (or 'q' forms) are " stretches of direct quotation which cannot be directly classified as direct speech because of the way in which they occur inside other non-direct ST&WP (speech, thought and writing presentation) categories " (Semino and Short 2004: 54). Though more frequently found in journalistic prose than in fiction, they are extremely common in Dickens's fictional work. Tis article explores Dickens's use of the complementiser that to introduce the 'q' form clause. It is argued that Dickens's use of this hybrid form in his fiction may have originated in his reporting of legal depositions in 1829-31. Its stylistic effect is to turn the journalistic " reportable quotation " into a " commentable proposition " , bringing other speaking characters and narrators into the speech event and drawing his readers in to share their perspective. Dickens thus uses this hybrid q form as a device to position his readers as participants in a conversational story and involves them more closely in its telling. .
This article describes Dickens's shorthand manuscripts in detail and explores the changes that he... more This article describes Dickens's shorthand manuscripts in detail and explores the changes that he himself made to the original Gurney script. It aims to shed light on how Dickens, like David Copperfield, faced up to the challenge of the "savage stenographic mystery" (535; ch. 43) both as a shorthand writer and a teacher of shorthand. It also highlights the conceptual challenge that scholars face when trying to unravel the undeciphered items of his shorthand. .
The article explains how an item of Dickens's shorthand was deciphered by identifying it as a dic... more The article explains how an item of Dickens's shorthand was deciphered by identifying it as a dictation exercise that he used with his pupil Arthur Stone. The original text was identified as a section of
This article describes how the name Boz may have arisen in the Dickens family as a consequence of... more This article describes how the name Boz may have arisen in the Dickens family as a consequence of word games produced by Dickens's learning of stenography. Citation: Bowles, H., (2017), A stenographic origin for the Boz nickname, The Dickensian (1), 1-5.
How do characters tell stories in plays and for what dramatic purpose? This volume provides the f... more How do characters tell stories in plays and for what dramatic purpose? This volume provides the first systematic analysis of narrative episodes in drama from an interactional perspective, applying sociolinguistic theories of narrative and insights from conversation analysis to literary dialogue. The aim of the book is to show how narration can become drama and how analysis of the way a character tells a story can be the key to understanding its role in the unfolding action. The book's interactional approach, which analyses the way in which the characteristic features of everyday conversational stories are used by dramatists to create literary effects, offers an additional tool for dramatic criticism. The book should be of interest to scholars and students of narrative research, conversation and discourse analysis, stylistics, dramatic discourse and theatre studies.
This article describes and analyses storytelling episodes in Harold Pinter's The Homecoming using... more This article describes and analyses storytelling episodes in Harold Pinter's The Homecoming using an interactional approach which focuses on the ways in which characters negotiate storytelling as speakers and listeners and the impact this negotiation has on the audience's interpretation of the play. Drawing on studies of conversational storytelling, the analysis shows how narrative control in The Homecoming reflects territorial control, as stories become the means by which characters battle for power within the discourse space. It also shows how characters construct their storytelling identities through the use of particular storytelling strategies and highlights the way in which Pinter uses a highly polarized storytelling style to produce particular dramatic effects.
This short paper, which is intended for discussion and to generate interest in the relationship b... more This short paper, which is intended for discussion and to generate interest in the relationship between CA and literary dialogue, is based on the general observation that poeticity seems to be a phenomenon of natural talk. Early studies of poetics assumed that language commonly regarded as "literary" was evidence of a "poetic function" (Jakobson 1960) that was specific to literature. There is evidence to suggest, however, that poeticity is an all-embracing aspect of language and not the province of literature alone. This casts doubt on the notion that there is such a phenomenon as "literary" language which can be distinguished from "non-literary", i.e. ordinary, language. It is suggested here that the existence of poeticity in conversation has consequences for the analysis of dialogue in literature and that CA may have a role to play in this kind of study. To set up this argument, the general area of poetics and conversation will be sketched out in section 1.0 and the relationship between conversation and dialogue in literature discussed in section 2.0. Section 3.0 identifies particular issues which need to be explored further.
EMI and the internationalization of universities, 2020
Examines socio-political issues such as global and national citizenship and the identity of HE st... more Examines socio-political issues such as global and national citizenship and the identity of HE stakeholders as native/non-native English speakers This edited book examines English-Medium Instruction (EMI) language policy and practice in higher education around the world, highlighting how English language usageaffects the internationalization of universities, the way that disciplines are taught and learned, and questioning whether internationalization through EMI achieves the values of global citizenship and inclusivity/diversity to which it aspires. Written by experts in the field, the book includes data-based research from universities around the globe, with three chapters on Asia and the Far East (Malaysia, Japan and China), four on Europe (Denmark, the Netherlands and Italy) and one each on Africa (Ethiopia) and Central America (Mexico). Sources include policy documents, questionnaire surveys, focus groups and semi-structured interviews involving university policymakers, lecturers, students, and administrative staff. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of language and education policy, internationalization and applied linguistics, particularly English-Medium Instruction (EMI), academic English and English as a
" English-medium instruction " (EMI) is the name given to the use of the English language in univ... more " English-medium instruction " (EMI) is the name given to the use of the English language in universities to teach academic subjects in countries where the majority of the population does not have English as a first language (Dearden 2014). What this definition fails to mention is that interaction during EMI courses is almost entirely through the medium of English as a lingua franca (ELF). This article focuses on the challenges facing lecturers and examiners working on English-taught programmes (ETPs) in ELF and the role of language experts in supporting them. As a basis for discussion, the article uses data from a set of immunology oral examinations carried out during an undergraduate degree programme in Medicine being taught through EMI. Qualitative analysis of the data shows that this particular oral examination involves students and examiners co-constructing highly specific, chronological narratives of immunological sequences. It is argued that, far from being an exclusively linguistic matter, this kind of narrative co-construction involves acquiring a unique discursive skill set and that preparing students for the examination needs to involve increasing students' awareness and practice of the construction process. Discussion focuses on how far qualitative results of this kind of local examination data are generalisable to other EMI contexts and whether there are recommendations for language experts and policymakers in understanding and improving the quality of EMI lecturing and assessment through in other languacultures. The article will also examine how far an ELF orientation to pedagogy can assist EMI lecturers, examiners and students in their decision-making regarding materials, methods and their own English usage..
Edited by Hugo Bowles and Alessia Cogo English as a lingua franca (ELF) is recognised as the mos... more Edited by Hugo Bowles and Alessia Cogo
English as a lingua franca (ELF) is recognised as the most interesting and controversial subject to have emerged in language teaching in the last 15 years. This collection, written by international experts in the field, brings new insight into the relationship between ELF and language teaching. It covers a wide range of areas in school and university contexts, exploring how the pedagogy of intelligibility, culture and language awareness, as well as materials analysis and classroom management, can be viewed from an ELF perspective.
Articles by Alessia Cogo, Lucilla Lopriore and Paola Vettorel, Melissa Yu, Enrico Grazzi, Iris Schaller-Schwaner, Ying Wang, Yasemin Bayyurt and Nicos Sifakis, Kellie Goncalves, Veronika Quinn Novotna and Jirina Dunkova, Martin Dewey, and Hugo Bowles.
This book chapter summarises the arguments of the collection " International Perspectives
This book chapter presents data on service encounters in which English is used as a lingua franca... more This book chapter presents data on service encounters in which English is used as a lingua franca in exchanges between information providers and tourists. Analysis of the data shows that the well-attested ability of ELF speakers to negotiate interactional difficulties using accommodation skills is heightened in the service encounter, where there is greater pressure towards resolving areas of misunderstanding even in very brief transactions. The chapter identifies a specific form of learning-in-interaction through languaging, involving two types of accommodation by ELF speakers – conceptual and stylistic. Skilled ELF operators providing information to tourists are shown not only to exhibit conceptual accommodation, in which lexical variation and paraphrase are used as scaffolding to clarify areas of misunderstanding, but also to adapt to the tourist's interactional style. It is argued that these specific languaging techniques are a distinctive feature of ELF service encounters and are part of the specific interactional competence of the skilled information provider. .
This study describes the organisation of air traffic control (ATC) communication through qualitat... more This study describes the organisation of air traffic control (ATC) communication through qualitative conversational analysis of 17 exchanges between air traffic controllers. Since ATC communication is both a public safety issue (Arminen et al 2009) and an ELF issue, the aim of the study is to explore how air traffic controllers negotiate their understanding of operations with other controllers with a view to examining potential areas of miscommunication. The results show evidence of atypicality from a procedural perspective which may contribute to potential miscommunication. The discussion assesses how an ELF approach can contribute to possible improvements in training procedures.
In the last 20 years, technological advancement and increased multidisciplinarity has expanded th... more In the last 20 years, technological advancement and increased multidisciplinarity has expanded the range of data regarded as within the scope of languages for specific purposes (LSP) research and the means by which they can be analyzed. As a result, the analytical work of LSP researchers has developed from a narrow focus on specialist terminology coupled with generic discourse analysis to a wide-ranging set of perspectives involving multiple methods and databases. This article aims to explore this 20-year expansion process by examining the development of the domains of LSP research in which certain methods have been particularly productive and by providing an outline of how each method has been applied within LSP research. Among the areas examined are lexical and register analysis, genre analysis, conversation analysis, ethnography, and multimethod approaches. It is argued that developments in LSP analysis have generally been in the direction of greater contextualization of discourse, moving away from a concentration on lexicogrammatical features of text to include analysis of spoken and written discourses of specific domains. The article concludes with some comments on the needs, priorities, and challenges for future research in the analysis of LSP.
This article illustrates experimental cross-cultural data from a corpus of telephone call opening... more This article illustrates experimental cross-cultural data from a corpus of telephone call openings to English and Italian workplaces in general and English and Italian bookshops in particular. Telephone calls are analyzed in order to test the appllicability of cross-cultural research methods from the Conversation Analysis framework to studies of intercultural talk and the domain-specificity of intercultural talk. The authors show the usefulness of comparative studies of institutional talk in eleciting both typical and problematic areas in domain-specific communication. The fact that some domain-specific differences have been found for bookshops as opposed to workplaces in general suggests that detail examination of telephone calls to other kinds of particular workplace can elicit specific similarities and differences for those workplaces.
This article adopts conversation analysis (CA) techniques to examine the way in which participant... more This article adopts conversation analysis (CA) techniques to examine the way in which participants in service telephone calls to bookshops negotiate their requests. The study, which is based on data from NS and NNS corpora, concentrates particularly on the reason-for-call sequence -the part of the telephone call opening in which the business of the phone call begins to be addressed by callers and receivers. A description is made of the pre-sequences which introduce reason-for-call and the strategies deployed by NS and NSS in formulating their pre-sequences are analysed and compared. Two claims are made -firstly that conversation analysis data on telephone calls is an important and neglected source for LSP research and applications, and secondly that reason-for-call is a particularly difficult area for NNS and that the correct management of pre-sequences is crucial for successful negotiation of a request. Suggestions based on the analysis are given for LSP materials production for service calls. It is also suggested that this type of applied analysis could usefully be extended by LSP practitioners to other areas of institutional talk for which CA data is available.
This chapter attempts a brief overview of the implications of CA-based approaches to interaction ... more This chapter attempts a brief overview of the implications of CA-based approaches to interaction for the teaching of speaking in the LSP classroom. The aim is to provide a model which suggests a way in which applied linguistis working in specific language domains can apply research, CA and pedagogical procedures to enhance speaking skills.
Research into the relationship between conversation analysis (CA) and different areas of applied ... more Research into the relationship between conversation analysis (CA) and different areas of applied linguistics is increasing rapidly. The aim of this volume is to show how conversation analysis can make a significant contribution to the teaching of spoken language for specific purposes (LSP) and to provide a firm foundation for future research and practice in this area. The first-ever collection in this area, the volume provides a theoretical and methodological framework for applying CA to LSP, as well as a series of illustrations of practical applications of CA in specific domains including interpreting, journalism, service encounters, academic discourse and the language classroom. The chapters in this collection are all written by CA practitioners with experience in the teaching of language for specific purposes and will appeal to researchers and students in applied linguistics and the social sciences, particularly those working in LSP teaching and teacher training.
Newspaper law reports are an important resource for teachers of legal English because they provid... more Newspaper law reports are an important resource for teachers of legal English because they provide material for the simultaneous practice of legal and linguistic skills. However, the comprehension of law report discourse is shown, in this paper, to be particularly difficult for the non-expert reader. Comparative discourse analysis of the way a particular case is reported in the All England Law Reports and the law report section of The Times and The Independent shows that the discourse structure of the newspaper law report is not adequately signalled by the linguistic conventions in the text. This produces a complex conceptual structure which makes considerable cognitive demands on the non-expert.
The chapter examines the extent to which judges address each other's arguments in their written j... more The chapter examines the extent to which judges address each other's arguments in their written judgements. It questions the idea that judicial responsibility for decisions in the common law system is individual. It analyses the structure of the English courts, the complex dissenting process within that structure, how this process is carries through by the judicial discourse community and how the process is reflected in the reporting of dissenting judgements.
La lingua inglese è diventata la lingua franca della comunicazione scientifica nei sei continenti... more La lingua inglese è diventata la lingua franca della comunicazione scientifica nei sei continenti. Più di due terzi degli scienziati del mondo legge e scrive in inglese; nel campo della psicologia in particolare il numero di pubblicazioni scientifiche in lingua inglese raggiunge una percentuale molto elevata. Per questo motivo è indubbio che chi legge testi di psicologia/psichiatria nei paesi non anglofoni necessiti di una padronanza totale della terminologia specializzata in lingua. Nell'acquisizione di tale padronanza il vocabolario specialistico gioca un ruolo importante.
Per chi studia o lavora nel campo della medicina, il problema principale riguardante l'apprendime... more Per chi studia o lavora nel campo della medicina, il problema principale riguardante l'apprendimento della lingua è quello di trovare un efficace sistema per migliorare il proprio inglese senza spreco di tempo e denaro. Lo scopo del libro è di fornire un sicuro sistema di auto-apprendimento (self-study) e una guida che permetta un migliore orientamento all'interno del "mercato delle lingue". Descrive inoltre le strategie migliori del self-study (come imparare a parlare, capire, leggere e scrivere l'inglese):
Language and Cognitive Processes, 1998
... Requests for reprints should be addressed to Margherita Orsolini, Dipartimento di Psicologia ... more ... Requests for reprints should be addressed to Margherita Orsolini, Dipartimento di Psicologia n. 38, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Roma ... reported here and provided useful comments on previous drafts of the manuscript: Teresa Bozzo, Cristina Burani, Alessandro Laudanna, William ...